Limits of Dimensions, Axle Load and Masses for Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Combination Vehicles
汽车、挂车及汽车列车外廓尺寸、轴荷及质量限值
1 Scope
This standard specifies the limits of dimensions, axle load and masses for motor vehicles, trailers and combination vehicles.
This standard is applicable to the motor vehicles, trailers and combination vehicles used on roads.
This standard is not applicable to the following vehicles:
- Special-purpose vehicles allocated for the army, armed police and special constable troop;
- Double-articulated buses running on limited roads.
2 Normative References
The following documents for the application of this document are essential. Any dated reference, just dated edition applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 3730.1 Motor Vehicles and Trailers - Types - Terms and Definitions
GB/T 3730.2 Road Vehicle - Masses - Vocabulary and Codes
GB/T 3730.3 Motor Vehicles and Towed Vehicles - Dimensions of Vehicles - Terms and Definitions
GB/T 17350 Terms Marks and Designation for Special Purpose Vehicles and Special Trailers
3 Terminologies and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terminologies and definitions defined in GB/T 3730.1, GB/T 3730.2, GB/T 3730.3 and GB/T 17350 as well as the following ones apply:
3.1
Vehicle length
The distance between the two planes respectively passing through the foremost point and rearmost point of the vehicle and also being vertical to Y and X planes, measured according to Appendix A.
3.2
Vehicle width
The distance between the two planes respectively passing through the outermost points at fixed protruded parts on both sides of the vehicle and also being parallel to Y plane, measured according to Appendix A.
3.3
Vehicle height
The distance from the highest point of the vehicle to X plane, measured according to Appendix A.
3.4
Tri-wheel vehicle
The goods vehicle with the maximum design speed less than or equal to 50km/h and with three wheels.
3.5
Low-speed goods vehicle
The goods vehicle with the maximum design speed less than 70km/h and with four wheels.
3.6
Fence goods vehicle/trailer
The goods vehicle/trailer of which the loading part is designed into cage or fence type structure and is separated from the driver's cab; dismountable and nonadjustable ceiling pole is installed on the top of the loading part and also fixed with side fence.
3.7
Drop slide vehicle/trailer
The goods vehicle/trailer with loading part designed into sideboard structure, including the drop slide goods vehicle/trailer with on-board lifting gear, but excluding the goods vehicle/trailer with automatic tipper.
3.8
Platform goods vehicle/trailer
The goods vehicle/trailer of which loading part is designed with floor of slab structure but without sideboard.
3.9
Dump goods vehicle/trailer
The goods vehicle/trailer with the loading part designed into sideboard structure and also set with automatic tipper.
3.10
Low deck semi-trailer
The semi-trailer used for transporting large indecomposable object, mainly having the following structural and technical characteristics:
- The nominal section width of the tire is not less than or equal to 8.25in. or 245mm;
- The connection with the towing vehicle is of gooseneck type.
- Low goods platform is adopted (the bearing surface height of goods platform above the ground is not greater than 1,150mm).
3.11
Long nose towing vehicle
Semi-trailer towing vehicle meeting the following requirements simultaneously:
- More than half of the engine body is located in front of the foremost point of front windshield glass;
- The central position of steering wheel is located behind the front quarter of the total length of the driver's cab (the whole head);
- The center line of front axle is located in front of the foremost point of front windshield glass.
3.12
Long nose articulated vehicle
The articulated vehicle composed of long nose towing vehicle and semi-trailer.
3.13
Centre axle trailer
The trailer with towing device incapable of vertical movement (in relation to trailer) and the axle located against the barycentre of the trailer (in case of uniform load); for this kind of vehicle, only relatively small static vertical load (not exceeding the load equivalent to 10% of the maximum mass of trailer or 10,000N, whichever is smaller) acts on the towing vehicle. Therein, one-axle or multi-axle may be driven by the towing vehicle.
3.14
Centre axle trailer of car carrier
The centre axle trailer with single-layer or multi-layer goods platform, applicable to load transportation vehicles.
3.15
Centre axle trailer train of car carrier
The combination vehicles composed of goods vehicle and centre axle trailer, equipped with single-layer or multi-layer goods platform and applicable to load transportation vehicle.
3.16
Passenger/car trailer combination
The combination of passenger car and centre axle trailer.
3.17
Goods road train
The combination of goods vehicle and draw-bar trailer or centre axle trailer.
3.18
Special motor vehicle
The motor vehicles with special equipment or appliances, applicable to special operation in design and manufacture, but excluding the main purpose of carrying personnel or goods.
3.19
Oilfield special vehicle
Special motor vehicles with total mass less than 1.2 times of complete vehicle mass and applicable to oilfield exploration, development and other engineering works; the oilfield special vehicle in this standard specially refers to workover rig, wagon drill, fracturing truck, coiled tubing unit, coiled rod unit, cementing truck, blending equipment, fracturing pipeline truck, logging truck, liquid nitrogen pump truck, etc.
3.20
Semi-trailer wheelbase
The horizontal distance between the central axis of towing pin and the horizontal geometric center line of non-steering axle group of semi-trailer.
3.21
Front fitting radius of semi-trailer
The distance, on the horizontal plane, from the axis of towing pin to the point on the front end farthest to the towing pin axis of semi-trailer.
3.22
Air suspension
The suspension system in which the vibration-damping effect provided by air spring accounts for 75% or above of overall vibration-damping effect.
4 Requirements
4.1 Requirements for dimensions
4.1.1 Limits of dimensions
4.1.1.1 The dimensions of drop slide, fence, platform and dump goods vehicles and their semi-trailers shall not exceed the maximum limits specified in Table 1.
Table 1 Maximum Limits of Dimensions for
Drop Slide, Fence, Platform and Dump Goods Vehicles and Their Semi-trailers
In: mm
Vehicle type Length Width Height
Fence goods vehicle
Drop slide goods vehicle
Platform goods vehicle
Dump goods vehicle Two-axle Maximum design total mass ≤3,500kg 6,000 2,550 4,000
Maximum design total mass >3,500kg and ≤8,000kg 7,000
Maximum design total mass >8,000kg, and ≤12,000kg 8,000
Maximum design total mass >12,000kg 9,000
Three-axle Maximum design total mass ≤20,000kg 11,000
Maximum design total mass >20,000kg 12,000
Four-axle motor vehicle with double steering axles 12,000
Fence semi-trailer
Drop slide semi-trailer
Platform semi-trailer
Dump semi-trailer One-axle 8,600
Two-axle 10,000
Three-axle 13,000
4.1.1.2 The dimensions of other motor vehicles, trailers and combination vehicles shall not exceed the maximum limits specified in Table 2.
Table 2 Maximum Limits of Dimensions for Other Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Combination Vehicles
In: mm
Vehicle type Length Width Height
Motor vehicle Tri-wheel vehicle a 4,600 1,600 2,000
Low-speed goods vehicle 6,000 2,000 2,500
Goods vehicle and semi-trailer towing vehicle 12,000b 2,550c 4,000
Passenger car and carriage Passenger car and two-axle carriage 12,000 2,500 4,000d
Three-axle carriage 13,700
Single-articulated bus 18,000
Trailer Semi-trailer 13,750e 2,550c 4,000
Centre axle trailer and draw-bar trailer 12,000f
Combination vehicle Passenger/car trailer combination 14,500 2,550c 4,000
Articulated vehicle 17,100g
Goods road train 20,000h
a The limits of length, width and height respectively are 5,200mm, 1,800mm and 2,200mm in case of steering by steering wheel, delivering power by driving shaft, being provided with driver's cab, and with article placing space set behind the driver's seat.
b The length limit of special motor vehicle is not applicable, but it shall meet the requirements of relevant standards.
c The maximum width limit of refrigerator vehicle is 2,600mm.
d The maximum height limit of double-decker city bus running on fixed route is 4,200mm.
e The maximum length limit of the semi-trailer transporting 45ft container is 13,950mm.
f The body length limit is 8,000mm (except for centre axle trailer of car carrier).
g The length limit of long nose articulated vehicle is 18,100mm.
h The maximum length limit of centre axle trailer train of car carrier is 22,000mm.
4.1.2 Other requirements for dimensions
4.1.2.1 The unilateral overhung of vehicle’s indirect vision device shall not be 250mm larger than the vehicle width.
4.1.2.2 The transom window, air interchanger, etc. (when being in open position) of vehicle shall not be 300mm above the vehicle height.
4.1.2.3 The distance between the rear axle of motor vehicle and the front axle of draw-bar trailer shall not be less than 3,000mm.
4.1.3 Requirements for semi-trailer towing vehicle and semi-trailer
4.1.3.1 The front fitting radius of semi-trailer shall not be greater than 2,040mm.
4.1.3.2 The horizontal distance from the central axis of towing pin to the rearmost end of semi-trailer shall not be greater than 12,000mm (except for the semi-trailer transporting 45ft container).
4.1.3.3 The saddle height of empty semi-trailer towing vehicle for transporting standard container (the height of central position of towing king pin) shall meet the following requirements:
- As for the semi-trailer towing vehicle transporting 2,591mm-high standard container, it shall not exceed 1,320mm;
- As for the semi-trailer towing vehicle transporting 2,896mm-high standard container, it shall not exceed 1,110mm.
4.1.4 Measurement of dimensions
See Appendix A for the requirements of dimension measurement.
4.2 Limit of maximum allowable axle load
4.2.1 The maximum allowable axle load of single-axle, two-axle group and tri-axle group of motor vehicles and trailers shall not exceed the sum of tire loads of this axle or axle group, and shall not exceed the limit specified in Table 3.
Table 3 Limits of Maximum Allowable Axle Load for
Single-axle, Two-axle and Tri-axle Groups of Motor Vehicles and Trailers
In: kg
Type Limit of maximum allowable axle load
Single axle Single tire on each side 7,000a
Double tires on each side Non-driving axle 10,000b
Driving axle 11,500
Two-axle group Wheelbase < 1,000mm 11,500c
Wheelbase ≥1,000mm and <1,300mm 16,000
Wheelbase ≥1300mm and <1,800mm 18,000d
Wheelbase ≥1,800mm (only for trailers) 18,000
Tri-axle group Distance between two adjacent axles ≤1,300mm 21,000
Distance between two adjacent axles >1,300mm and ≤1,400mm 24,000
a The limit of maximum allowable axle load is 10,000kg for the axle installed with such tire with nominal section width no less than 425mm and is 11,500kg for the driving axle installed with such tire with nominal section width no less than 445mm.
b When air suspension is equipped, the maximum limit of maximum allowable axle load is 11,500kg.
c The limit of maximum allowable axle load for two-axle trailer is 11,000kg.
d In the case that double tires are installed on each side of each driving axle and air suspension is also equipped, the maximum limit of maximum allowable axle load is 19,000kg.
4.2.2 As for other types of axles, the maximum allowable axle load shall not exceed the product of tire number on the axle and 3,000kg.
4.3 Limit of maximum allowable total mass
The maximum allowable total mass of motor vehicles, trailers and combination vehicles shall not exceed the sum of maximum allowable axle load of all axles, and shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 4.
Table 4 Limits of Maximum Allowable Total Mass for Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Combination Vehicles
In: kg
Vehicle type Limit of maximum allowable total mass
Motor vehicle Tri-wheel vehicle 2,000a
Passenger car 4,500
Two-axle carriage, goods vehicle and semi-trailer towing vehicle 18,000b
Tri-axle carriage, goods vehicle and semi-trailer towing vehicle 25,000c
Single-articulated bus 28,000
Four-axle goods vehicle with double steering axles 31,000c
Trailer Semi-trailer One axle 18,000
Two axles 35,000
Three axles 40,000
Draw-bar trailer Two axles, with single tire on each side of axle 12,000d
Two axles, with single tire on each side of one axle and double tires on each side of the other axle 16,000
Two axles, with double tires on each side of each axle 18,000
Centre axle trailer One axle 10,000
Two axles 18,000
Three axles 24,000
Combination vehicle Three axles 27,000
Four axles 36,000e
Five axles 43,000
Six axles 49,000
a The limit of maximum allowable total mass is 3,000kg in case of steering by steering wheel, delivering power by driving shaft, being provided with driver's cab, and with article placing space set behind the driver's seat.
b The limit of maximum allowable total mass for low-speed goods vehicle is 4,500kg.
c In the case that double tires are installed on each side of each driving axle and air suspension is also equipped, the limit of maximum allowable total mass is increased by 1,000kg.
d In the case that the tire with nominal section width no less than 425mm is installed, the limit of maximum allowable total mass is 18,000kg.
e As for articulated vehicle which is installed with double tires on each side of each driving axle and also equipped with air suspension, and the distance between the two axles of semi-trailer is larger than or equal to 1,800mm, the limit of maximum allowable total mass is 37,000kg.
4.4 Trafficability requirements
4.4.1 The motor vehicles and combination vehicles shall run in a vehicle turning clearance circle with outer circle diameter of 25,000mm and inner circle diameter of 10,600mm; any outermost position (excluding the protruding parts of special devices with operation function and devices specified in A.3.3 and A.4.2) of vehicle shall not exceed the outer-circle vertical space of vehicle turning clearance circle, and any innermost position (excluding the protruding parts of special devices with operation function and devices specified in A.3.3 and A.4.2) of vehicle shall not exceed the inner-circle vertical space of vehicle turning clearance circle; see Appendix B for measurement method.
4.4.2 In the case that motor vehicles and combination vehicles transit from straight driving to circular motion as stated in 4.4.1, their out value T shall not be greater than 800mm (T of carriages shall not be greater than 600mm); see Appendix B for measurement method.
4.4.3 If semi-trailer wheelbase is less than or equal to the length L calculated by the following formula, the test stated in Appendix B may be omitted; otherwise, the semi-trailer towing vehicle shall be hitched and subject to the test stated in Appendix B, and the test result shall meet the requirements of 4.4.1 and 4.4.2.
Where,
W - the width of semi-trailer, mm.
4.5 Requirements for rear overhang
The rear-overhang value of carriages, motor vehicles with enclosed body (or tank body) and trailers shall be less than or equal to 65% of wheelbase. Under the premise of ensuring safety, the rear overhang of special motor vehicle may be checked and calculated according to the rear-overhang requirements of carriages, and that of other vehicles shall be less than or equal to 55% of wheelbase. As for the articulated bus with rearmounted engine and with vehicle length less than 16,000mm, in the case that safety is ensured, the rear-overhang value may not exceed 70% of wheelbase. The rear-overhang value of motor vehicles and trailers shall be less than or equal to 3,500mm (except for centre axle trailer of car carrier).
Note: as for multi-axle automotive vehicles, the wheelbase is calculated according to the distance from the first axle to the rearmost axle (that of articulated bus is calculated according to the distance from the first axle to the second axle), the rear-overhang value is calculated backward starting from the center line of last axle; as for devices not included in the measurement range of vehicle length as listed in A.3.3, they will not be counted during measurement and calculation of the rear-overhang value.
4.6 Other requirements
4.6.1 The driving axle load of motor vehicles or combination vehicles shall not be less than 25% of maximum total mass for motor vehicles or combination vehicles.
4.6.2 The maximum allowable total mass value (in: t) of four-axle motor vehicle (except for dumper) shall not exceed 5 times of the distance (in: m) from its foremost axle to rearmost axle.
4.6.3 The container (including the cover) height of trailers and two-axle goods vehicle shall not exceed 600mm, that of two-axle dumper and tri-axle and above goods vehicles shall not exceed 800mm, and that of tri-axle and above dumpers shall not exceed 1,500mm;
4.7 Requirements of low deck semi-trailer, fire vehicle, wrecker, concrete pump truck, truck crane and oilfield special vehicle
4.7.1 Requirements of low deck semi-trailer
The low deck semi-trailer shall meet the requirements of 4.1~4.6, while the maximum limit of vehicle width is 3,000mm.
4.7.2 Requirements of fire vehicle, wrecker, concrete pump truck, truck crane and oilfield special vehicle
4.7.2.1 The vehicle length shall meet the requirements of other relevant standards, and the vehicle width and height shall not exceed the maximum limits specified in Table 5.
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terminologies and Definitions
4 Requirements
5 Implementation of This Standard
Appendix A (Normative) Requirements for Dimension Measurement
Appendix B (Normative) Measurement Methods of Vehicle Turning Clearance Circle and Out Value
Limits of Dimensions, Axle Load and Masses for Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Combination Vehicles
汽车、挂车及汽车列车外廓尺寸、轴荷及质量限值
1 Scope
This standard specifies the limits of dimensions, axle load and masses for motor vehicles, trailers and combination vehicles.
This standard is applicable to the motor vehicles, trailers and combination vehicles used on roads.
This standard is not applicable to the following vehicles:
- Special-purpose vehicles allocated for the army, armed police and special constable troop;
- Double-articulated buses running on limited roads.
2 Normative References
The following documents for the application of this document are essential. Any dated reference, just dated edition applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 3730.1 Motor Vehicles and Trailers - Types - Terms and Definitions
GB/T 3730.2 Road Vehicle - Masses - Vocabulary and Codes
GB/T 3730.3 Motor Vehicles and Towed Vehicles - Dimensions of Vehicles - Terms and Definitions
GB/T 17350 Terms Marks and Designation for Special Purpose Vehicles and Special Trailers
3 Terminologies and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terminologies and definitions defined in GB/T 3730.1, GB/T 3730.2, GB/T 3730.3 and GB/T 17350 as well as the following ones apply:
3.1
Vehicle length
The distance between the two planes respectively passing through the foremost point and rearmost point of the vehicle and also being vertical to Y and X planes, measured according to Appendix A.
3.2
Vehicle width
The distance between the two planes respectively passing through the outermost points at fixed protruded parts on both sides of the vehicle and also being parallel to Y plane, measured according to Appendix A.
3.3
Vehicle height
The distance from the highest point of the vehicle to X plane, measured according to Appendix A.
3.4
Tri-wheel vehicle
The goods vehicle with the maximum design speed less than or equal to 50km/h and with three wheels.
3.5
Low-speed goods vehicle
The goods vehicle with the maximum design speed less than 70km/h and with four wheels.
3.6
Fence goods vehicle/trailer
The goods vehicle/trailer of which the loading part is designed into cage or fence type structure and is separated from the driver's cab; dismountable and nonadjustable ceiling pole is installed on the top of the loading part and also fixed with side fence.
3.7
Drop slide vehicle/trailer
The goods vehicle/trailer with loading part designed into sideboard structure, including the drop slide goods vehicle/trailer with on-board lifting gear, but excluding the goods vehicle/trailer with automatic tipper.
3.8
Platform goods vehicle/trailer
The goods vehicle/trailer of which loading part is designed with floor of slab structure but without sideboard.
3.9
Dump goods vehicle/trailer
The goods vehicle/trailer with the loading part designed into sideboard structure and also set with automatic tipper.
3.10
Low deck semi-trailer
The semi-trailer used for transporting large indecomposable object, mainly having the following structural and technical characteristics:
- The nominal section width of the tire is not less than or equal to 8.25in. or 245mm;
- The connection with the towing vehicle is of gooseneck type.
- Low goods platform is adopted (the bearing surface height of goods platform above the ground is not greater than 1,150mm).
3.11
Long nose towing vehicle
Semi-trailer towing vehicle meeting the following requirements simultaneously:
- More than half of the engine body is located in front of the foremost point of front windshield glass;
- The central position of steering wheel is located behind the front quarter of the total length of the driver's cab (the whole head);
- The center line of front axle is located in front of the foremost point of front windshield glass.
3.12
Long nose articulated vehicle
The articulated vehicle composed of long nose towing vehicle and semi-trailer.
3.13
Centre axle trailer
The trailer with towing device incapable of vertical movement (in relation to trailer) and the axle located against the barycentre of the trailer (in case of uniform load); for this kind of vehicle, only relatively small static vertical load (not exceeding the load equivalent to 10% of the maximum mass of trailer or 10,000N, whichever is smaller) acts on the towing vehicle. Therein, one-axle or multi-axle may be driven by the towing vehicle.
3.14
Centre axle trailer of car carrier
The centre axle trailer with single-layer or multi-layer goods platform, applicable to load transportation vehicles.
3.15
Centre axle trailer train of car carrier
The combination vehicles composed of goods vehicle and centre axle trailer, equipped with single-layer or multi-layer goods platform and applicable to load transportation vehicle.
3.16
Passenger/car trailer combination
The combination of passenger car and centre axle trailer.
3.17
Goods road train
The combination of goods vehicle and draw-bar trailer or centre axle trailer.
3.18
Special motor vehicle
The motor vehicles with special equipment or appliances, applicable to special operation in design and manufacture, but excluding the main purpose of carrying personnel or goods.
3.19
Oilfield special vehicle
Special motor vehicles with total mass less than 1.2 times of complete vehicle mass and applicable to oilfield exploration, development and other engineering works; the oilfield special vehicle in this standard specially refers to workover rig, wagon drill, fracturing truck, coiled tubing unit, coiled rod unit, cementing truck, blending equipment, fracturing pipeline truck, logging truck, liquid nitrogen pump truck, etc.
3.20
Semi-trailer wheelbase
The horizontal distance between the central axis of towing pin and the horizontal geometric center line of non-steering axle group of semi-trailer.
3.21
Front fitting radius of semi-trailer
The distance, on the horizontal plane, from the axis of towing pin to the point on the front end farthest to the towing pin axis of semi-trailer.
3.22
Air suspension
The suspension system in which the vibration-damping effect provided by air spring accounts for 75% or above of overall vibration-damping effect.
4 Requirements
4.1 Requirements for dimensions
4.1.1 Limits of dimensions
4.1.1.1 The dimensions of drop slide, fence, platform and dump goods vehicles and their semi-trailers shall not exceed the maximum limits specified in Table 1.
Table 1 Maximum Limits of Dimensions for
Drop Slide, Fence, Platform and Dump Goods Vehicles and Their Semi-trailers
In: mm
Vehicle type Length Width Height
Fence goods vehicle
Drop slide goods vehicle
Platform goods vehicle
Dump goods vehicle Two-axle Maximum design total mass ≤3,500kg 6,000 2,550 4,000
Maximum design total mass >3,500kg and ≤8,000kg 7,000
Maximum design total mass >8,000kg, and ≤12,000kg 8,000
Maximum design total mass >12,000kg 9,000
Three-axle Maximum design total mass ≤20,000kg 11,000
Maximum design total mass >20,000kg 12,000
Four-axle motor vehicle with double steering axles 12,000
Fence semi-trailer
Drop slide semi-trailer
Platform semi-trailer
Dump semi-trailer One-axle 8,600
Two-axle 10,000
Three-axle 13,000
4.1.1.2 The dimensions of other motor vehicles, trailers and combination vehicles shall not exceed the maximum limits specified in Table 2.
Table 2 Maximum Limits of Dimensions for Other Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Combination Vehicles
In: mm
Vehicle type Length Width Height
Motor vehicle Tri-wheel vehicle a 4,600 1,600 2,000
Low-speed goods vehicle 6,000 2,000 2,500
Goods vehicle and semi-trailer towing vehicle 12,000b 2,550c 4,000
Passenger car and carriage Passenger car and two-axle carriage 12,000 2,500 4,000d
Three-axle carriage 13,700
Single-articulated bus 18,000
Trailer Semi-trailer 13,750e 2,550c 4,000
Centre axle trailer and draw-bar trailer 12,000f
Combination vehicle Passenger/car trailer combination 14,500 2,550c 4,000
Articulated vehicle 17,100g
Goods road train 20,000h
a The limits of length, width and height respectively are 5,200mm, 1,800mm and 2,200mm in case of steering by steering wheel, delivering power by driving shaft, being provided with driver's cab, and with article placing space set behind the driver's seat.
b The length limit of special motor vehicle is not applicable, but it shall meet the requirements of relevant standards.
c The maximum width limit of refrigerator vehicle is 2,600mm.
d The maximum height limit of double-decker city bus running on fixed route is 4,200mm.
e The maximum length limit of the semi-trailer transporting 45ft container is 13,950mm.
f The body length limit is 8,000mm (except for centre axle trailer of car carrier).
g The length limit of long nose articulated vehicle is 18,100mm.
h The maximum length limit of centre axle trailer train of car carrier is 22,000mm.
4.1.2 Other requirements for dimensions
4.1.2.1 The unilateral overhung of vehicle’s indirect vision device shall not be 250mm larger than the vehicle width.
4.1.2.2 The transom window, air interchanger, etc. (when being in open position) of vehicle shall not be 300mm above the vehicle height.
4.1.2.3 The distance between the rear axle of motor vehicle and the front axle of draw-bar trailer shall not be less than 3,000mm.
4.1.3 Requirements for semi-trailer towing vehicle and semi-trailer
4.1.3.1 The front fitting radius of semi-trailer shall not be greater than 2,040mm.
4.1.3.2 The horizontal distance from the central axis of towing pin to the rearmost end of semi-trailer shall not be greater than 12,000mm (except for the semi-trailer transporting 45ft container).
4.1.3.3 The saddle height of empty semi-trailer towing vehicle for transporting standard container (the height of central position of towing king pin) shall meet the following requirements:
- As for the semi-trailer towing vehicle transporting 2,591mm-high standard container, it shall not exceed 1,320mm;
- As for the semi-trailer towing vehicle transporting 2,896mm-high standard container, it shall not exceed 1,110mm.
4.1.4 Measurement of dimensions
See Appendix A for the requirements of dimension measurement.
4.2 Limit of maximum allowable axle load
4.2.1 The maximum allowable axle load of single-axle, two-axle group and tri-axle group of motor vehicles and trailers shall not exceed the sum of tire loads of this axle or axle group, and shall not exceed the limit specified in Table 3.
Table 3 Limits of Maximum Allowable Axle Load for
Single-axle, Two-axle and Tri-axle Groups of Motor Vehicles and Trailers
In: kg
Type Limit of maximum allowable axle load
Single axle Single tire on each side 7,000a
Double tires on each side Non-driving axle 10,000b
Driving axle 11,500
Two-axle group Wheelbase < 1,000mm 11,500c
Wheelbase ≥1,000mm and <1,300mm 16,000
Wheelbase ≥1300mm and <1,800mm 18,000d
Wheelbase ≥1,800mm (only for trailers) 18,000
Tri-axle group Distance between two adjacent axles ≤1,300mm 21,000
Distance between two adjacent axles >1,300mm and ≤1,400mm 24,000
a The limit of maximum allowable axle load is 10,000kg for the axle installed with such tire with nominal section width no less than 425mm and is 11,500kg for the driving axle installed with such tire with nominal section width no less than 445mm.
b When air suspension is equipped, the maximum limit of maximum allowable axle load is 11,500kg.
c The limit of maximum allowable axle load for two-axle trailer is 11,000kg.
d In the case that double tires are installed on each side of each driving axle and air suspension is also equipped, the maximum limit of maximum allowable axle load is 19,000kg.
4.2.2 As for other types of axles, the maximum allowable axle load shall not exceed the product of tire number on the axle and 3,000kg.
4.3 Limit of maximum allowable total mass
The maximum allowable total mass of motor vehicles, trailers and combination vehicles shall not exceed the sum of maximum allowable axle load of all axles, and shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 4.
Table 4 Limits of Maximum Allowable Total Mass for Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Combination Vehicles
In: kg
Vehicle type Limit of maximum allowable total mass
Motor vehicle Tri-wheel vehicle 2,000a
Passenger car 4,500
Two-axle carriage, goods vehicle and semi-trailer towing vehicle 18,000b
Tri-axle carriage, goods vehicle and semi-trailer towing vehicle 25,000c
Single-articulated bus 28,000
Four-axle goods vehicle with double steering axles 31,000c
Trailer Semi-trailer One axle 18,000
Two axles 35,000
Three axles 40,000
Draw-bar trailer Two axles, with single tire on each side of axle 12,000d
Two axles, with single tire on each side of one axle and double tires on each side of the other axle 16,000
Two axles, with double tires on each side of each axle 18,000
Centre axle trailer One axle 10,000
Two axles 18,000
Three axles 24,000
Combination vehicle Three axles 27,000
Four axles 36,000e
Five axles 43,000
Six axles 49,000
a The limit of maximum allowable total mass is 3,000kg in case of steering by steering wheel, delivering power by driving shaft, being provided with driver's cab, and with article placing space set behind the driver's seat.
b The limit of maximum allowable total mass for low-speed goods vehicle is 4,500kg.
c In the case that double tires are installed on each side of each driving axle and air suspension is also equipped, the limit of maximum allowable total mass is increased by 1,000kg.
d In the case that the tire with nominal section width no less than 425mm is installed, the limit of maximum allowable total mass is 18,000kg.
e As for articulated vehicle which is installed with double tires on each side of each driving axle and also equipped with air suspension, and the distance between the two axles of semi-trailer is larger than or equal to 1,800mm, the limit of maximum allowable total mass is 37,000kg.
4.4 Trafficability requirements
4.4.1 The motor vehicles and combination vehicles shall run in a vehicle turning clearance circle with outer circle diameter of 25,000mm and inner circle diameter of 10,600mm; any outermost position (excluding the protruding parts of special devices with operation function and devices specified in A.3.3 and A.4.2) of vehicle shall not exceed the outer-circle vertical space of vehicle turning clearance circle, and any innermost position (excluding the protruding parts of special devices with operation function and devices specified in A.3.3 and A.4.2) of vehicle shall not exceed the inner-circle vertical space of vehicle turning clearance circle; see Appendix B for measurement method.
4.4.2 In the case that motor vehicles and combination vehicles transit from straight driving to circular motion as stated in 4.4.1, their out value T shall not be greater than 800mm (T of carriages shall not be greater than 600mm); see Appendix B for measurement method.
4.4.3 If semi-trailer wheelbase is less than or equal to the length L calculated by the following formula, the test stated in Appendix B may be omitted; otherwise, the semi-trailer towing vehicle shall be hitched and subject to the test stated in Appendix B, and the test result shall meet the requirements of 4.4.1 and 4.4.2.
Where,
W - the width of semi-trailer, mm.
4.5 Requirements for rear overhang
The rear-overhang value of carriages, motor vehicles with enclosed body (or tank body) and trailers shall be less than or equal to 65% of wheelbase. Under the premise of ensuring safety, the rear overhang of special motor vehicle may be checked and calculated according to the rear-overhang requirements of carriages, and that of other vehicles shall be less than or equal to 55% of wheelbase. As for the articulated bus with rearmounted engine and with vehicle length less than 16,000mm, in the case that safety is ensured, the rear-overhang value may not exceed 70% of wheelbase. The rear-overhang value of motor vehicles and trailers shall be less than or equal to 3,500mm (except for centre axle trailer of car carrier).
Note: as for multi-axle automotive vehicles, the wheelbase is calculated according to the distance from the first axle to the rearmost axle (that of articulated bus is calculated according to the distance from the first axle to the second axle), the rear-overhang value is calculated backward starting from the center line of last axle; as for devices not included in the measurement range of vehicle length as listed in A.3.3, they will not be counted during measurement and calculation of the rear-overhang value.
4.6 Other requirements
4.6.1 The driving axle load of motor vehicles or combination vehicles shall not be less than 25% of maximum total mass for motor vehicles or combination vehicles.
4.6.2 The maximum allowable total mass value (in: t) of four-axle motor vehicle (except for dumper) shall not exceed 5 times of the distance (in: m) from its foremost axle to rearmost axle.
4.6.3 The container (including the cover) height of trailers and two-axle goods vehicle shall not exceed 600mm, that of two-axle dumper and tri-axle and above goods vehicles shall not exceed 800mm, and that of tri-axle and above dumpers shall not exceed 1,500mm;
4.7 Requirements of low deck semi-trailer, fire vehicle, wrecker, concrete pump truck, truck crane and oilfield special vehicle
4.7.1 Requirements of low deck semi-trailer
The low deck semi-trailer shall meet the requirements of 4.1~4.6, while the maximum limit of vehicle width is 3,000mm.
4.7.2 Requirements of fire vehicle, wrecker, concrete pump truck, truck crane and oilfield special vehicle
4.7.2.1 The vehicle length shall meet the requirements of other relevant standards, and the vehicle width and height shall not exceed the maximum limits specified in Table 5.
Contents of GB 1589-2016
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terminologies and Definitions
4 Requirements
5 Implementation of This Standard
Appendix A (Normative) Requirements for Dimension Measurement
Appendix B (Normative) Measurement Methods of Vehicle Turning Clearance Circle and Out Value
