Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents.
This document replaces GB/T 14684-2011 Sand for construction. In addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect GB/T 14684-2011:
a) The definition of "natural sand" is modified (see 3.1 hereof; 3.1 of Edition 2011);
b) The definition of "manufactured sand" is modified (see 3.2 hereof; 3.2 of Edition 2011);
c) The term and definition of "mixed sand" are added (see 3.3);
d) The term and definition of "flaky particles in manufactured sand" are added (see 3.9);
e) The definition of "methylene blue value" is modified (see 3.12 hereof; 3.10 of Edition 2011);
f) The classification of sand is modified (see 4.1 hereof; 4.1 and 4.2 of Edition 2011);
g) The technical requirements for particle grading of Category I sand are changed (see 6.1 hereof; 6.1 of Edition 2011);
h) The technical requirements for fine content and clay lumps and friable particles content are changed (see 6.2 and 6.3 hereof; 6.2 of Edition 2011);
i) The technical requirements for hazardous substances are changed (see 6.4 hereof; 6.3 of Edition 2011);
j) The technical requirements for flaky particles content in manufactured sand of Category I sand are added (see 6.7);
k) The technical requirements for alkali-aggregate reaction are changed (see 6.10 hereof; 6.6 of Edition 2011);
l) The test method for clay lumps and friable particles content is modified (see 7.6 hereof; 7.6 of Edition 2011);
m) The test method for chloride content is modified (see 7.11 hereof; 7.11 of Edition 2011);
n) The test method for flaky particles content in manufactured sand is added (see 7.15);
o) The test method for alkali-carbonate reaction of manufactured sand is added (see 7.19.4);
p) The items of end-of-manufacturing inspection and type inspection are changed (see 8.1.1 and 8.1.2 hereof; 8.1.1 and 8.1.2 of Edition 2011);
q) The batching rules are changed (see 8.2 hereof; 8.2 in Edition 2011).
This document was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of China Building Materials Federation.
The previous editions of this document are as follows:
——This document was firstly issued in 1993, revised in 2001 for the first time and in 2011 for the second time;
——This is the third revision.
Introduction
The issuing body of this document draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of a patent in 7.15 concerning a method for determining the flaky particles content in the manufactured sand for concrete.
The issuing body of this document takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent.
The holder of this patent right has assured the issuing body of this document that he allows any organization or individual to apply this patent for free under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions during implementing this document. Information of this patent may be obtained from:
Name of patent holder: Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, and University of Science and Technology Beijing
Address: No.1, Exhibition Hall Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
Contact: SONG Shaomin
Tel.: 13911455983
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights other than those identified above. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Sand for construction
1 Scope
This document specifies the classification and category, general requirements, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, and marking, storage and transportation of sand for construction.
This document applies to sand for cement concrete and its products as well as that for ordinary mortar in construction.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 175 Common portland cement
GB/T 601 Chemical reagent - Preparations of reference titration solutions
GB/T 2419 Test method for fluidity of cement mortar
GB/T 6003.1 Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing - Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth
GB/T 6003.2 Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing - Part 2: Test sieves of metal wire cloth
GB 6566 Limits of radionuclides in building materials
GB 8076-2008 Concrete admixtures
GB/T 17671 Test method of cement mortar strength (ISO method)
SL/T 352-2020 Test code for hydraulic concrete
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
natural sand
rock particles with a particle size of smaller than 4.75mm, which are formed from rocks after breaking, weathering, sorting, migration and sedimentation under natural conditions
Note: natural sand includes river sand, lake sand, mountain sand and purified sea sand, but does not include soft and weathered particles.
3.2
manufactured sand
particles with a particle size of smaller than 4.75mm meeting the grading, particle shape and fine content requirements, which are made from rocks, pebbles, mine waste rocks, tailings, etc. through mechanical crushing, shaping, sieving, fine content control and other processes, with soil removed first
Note: manufactured sand does not include soft and weathered particles.
3.3
mixed sand
sand made by mixing manufactured sand and natural sand in a certain proportion
3.4
clay content
content of particles with a size smaller than 75μm in natural sand
3.5
fine content
content of particles with a size smaller than 75μm in manufactured sand
3.6
clay lumps and friable particles content
content of particles with a size smaller than 0.60mm after water immersion elutriation or other treatments but whose original particle size is greater than 1.18mm in sand
3.7
fineness modulus
a measure of sand fineness
3.8
soundness
resistance of sand to cracking under the action of external physical or chemical factors
3.9
flaky particles in manufactured sand
particles with the minimum one-dimensional size smaller than 0.45 times the average particle size of corresponding particle grade among the particles with a size greater than 1.18mm in manufactured sand
3.10
lightweight material
material with an apparent density of less than 2,000kg/m3 in sand
3.11
alkali-aggregate reaction
slow expansion reaction between alkali active minerals in sand and concrete compositions such as cement, mineral admixtures and additives as well as alkali in the environment under humid conditions, which leads to concrete cracking and destruction
3.12
methylene blue value
MB value
index for determining the adsorption performance of manufactured sand
4 Classification and categories
4.1 Classification
4.1.1 Sand for construction may be classified into natural sand, manufactured sand and mixed sand according to the source of production.
4.1.2 Sand for construction may be classified into coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand and extra fine sand according to the fineness modulus as follows:
——Coarse sand: 3.7~3.1;
——Medium sand: 3.0~2.3;
——Fine sand: 2.2~1.6;
——Extra fine sand: 1.5~0.7.
4.2 Categories
Sand for construction may be classified into Categories I, II and III according to the technical requirements for particle grading, clay content (fine content), methylene blue (MB) value, clay lumps and friable particles content, hazardous substances, soundness, crushing index, and flaky particles content in manufactured sand.
5 General requirements
5.1 In addition to the requirements of 6.4, the hazardous substances in the manufactured sand produced with mine waste rocks and tailings shall also meet the requirements of China’s relevant standards and norms on environmental protection and safety.
5.2 The technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, and marking, storage and transportation of mixed sand shall be implemented according to those of manufactured sand.
6 Technical requirements
6.1 Particle grading
6.1.1 Except for extra fine sand, the cumulative percentage retained on sieve of Category I sand shall meet the requirements of Zone 2 in Table 1, and the percentages retained on sieve of this category shall meet the requirements of Table 2; and the cumulative percentage retained on sieve of Categories II and III sand shall meet the requirements of Table 1. The actual particle grading of sand may be slightly exceeded except for the 4.75mm and 0.60mm sieve grades, but the sum of the excess of cumulative percentage retained on sieve of all grades shall not be greater than 5%.
Foreword II
Introduction IV
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Classification and categories
5 General requirements
6 Technical requirements
7 Test methods
8 Inspection rules
9 Marking, storage and transportation
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents.
This document replaces GB/T 14684-2011 Sand for construction. In addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect GB/T 14684-2011:
a) The definition of "natural sand" is modified (see 3.1 hereof; 3.1 of Edition 2011);
b) The definition of "manufactured sand" is modified (see 3.2 hereof; 3.2 of Edition 2011);
c) The term and definition of "mixed sand" are added (see 3.3);
d) The term and definition of "flaky particles in manufactured sand" are added (see 3.9);
e) The definition of "methylene blue value" is modified (see 3.12 hereof; 3.10 of Edition 2011);
f) The classification of sand is modified (see 4.1 hereof; 4.1 and 4.2 of Edition 2011);
g) The technical requirements for particle grading of Category I sand are changed (see 6.1 hereof; 6.1 of Edition 2011);
h) The technical requirements for fine content and clay lumps and friable particles content are changed (see 6.2 and 6.3 hereof; 6.2 of Edition 2011);
i) The technical requirements for hazardous substances are changed (see 6.4 hereof; 6.3 of Edition 2011);
j) The technical requirements for flaky particles content in manufactured sand of Category I sand are added (see 6.7);
k) The technical requirements for alkali-aggregate reaction are changed (see 6.10 hereof; 6.6 of Edition 2011);
l) The test method for clay lumps and friable particles content is modified (see 7.6 hereof; 7.6 of Edition 2011);
m) The test method for chloride content is modified (see 7.11 hereof; 7.11 of Edition 2011);
n) The test method for flaky particles content in manufactured sand is added (see 7.15);
o) The test method for alkali-carbonate reaction of manufactured sand is added (see 7.19.4);
p) The items of end-of-manufacturing inspection and type inspection are changed (see 8.1.1 and 8.1.2 hereof; 8.1.1 and 8.1.2 of Edition 2011);
q) The batching rules are changed (see 8.2 hereof; 8.2 in Edition 2011).
This document was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of China Building Materials Federation.
The previous editions of this document are as follows:
——This document was firstly issued in 1993, revised in 2001 for the first time and in 2011 for the second time;
——This is the third revision.
Introduction
The issuing body of this document draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of a patent in 7.15 concerning a method for determining the flaky particles content in the manufactured sand for concrete.
The issuing body of this document takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent.
The holder of this patent right has assured the issuing body of this document that he allows any organization or individual to apply this patent for free under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions during implementing this document. Information of this patent may be obtained from:
Name of patent holder: Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, and University of Science and Technology Beijing
Address: No.1, Exhibition Hall Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
Contact: SONG Shaomin
Tel.: 13911455983
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights other than those identified above. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Sand for construction
1 Scope
This document specifies the classification and category, general requirements, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, and marking, storage and transportation of sand for construction.
This document applies to sand for cement concrete and its products as well as that for ordinary mortar in construction.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 175 Common portland cement
GB/T 601 Chemical reagent - Preparations of reference titration solutions
GB/T 2419 Test method for fluidity of cement mortar
GB/T 6003.1 Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing - Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth
GB/T 6003.2 Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing - Part 2: Test sieves of metal wire cloth
GB 6566 Limits of radionuclides in building materials
GB 8076-2008 Concrete admixtures
GB/T 17671 Test method of cement mortar strength (ISO method)
SL/T 352-2020 Test code for hydraulic concrete
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
natural sand
rock particles with a particle size of smaller than 4.75mm, which are formed from rocks after breaking, weathering, sorting, migration and sedimentation under natural conditions
Note: natural sand includes river sand, lake sand, mountain sand and purified sea sand, but does not include soft and weathered particles.
3.2
manufactured sand
particles with a particle size of smaller than 4.75mm meeting the grading, particle shape and fine content requirements, which are made from rocks, pebbles, mine waste rocks, tailings, etc. through mechanical crushing, shaping, sieving, fine content control and other processes, with soil removed first
Note: manufactured sand does not include soft and weathered particles.
3.3
mixed sand
sand made by mixing manufactured sand and natural sand in a certain proportion
3.4
clay content
content of particles with a size smaller than 75μm in natural sand
3.5
fine content
content of particles with a size smaller than 75μm in manufactured sand
3.6
clay lumps and friable particles content
content of particles with a size smaller than 0.60mm after water immersion elutriation or other treatments but whose original particle size is greater than 1.18mm in sand
3.7
fineness modulus
a measure of sand fineness
3.8
soundness
resistance of sand to cracking under the action of external physical or chemical factors
3.9
flaky particles in manufactured sand
particles with the minimum one-dimensional size smaller than 0.45 times the average particle size of corresponding particle grade among the particles with a size greater than 1.18mm in manufactured sand
3.10
lightweight material
material with an apparent density of less than 2,000kg/m3 in sand
3.11
alkali-aggregate reaction
slow expansion reaction between alkali active minerals in sand and concrete compositions such as cement, mineral admixtures and additives as well as alkali in the environment under humid conditions, which leads to concrete cracking and destruction
3.12
methylene blue value
MB value
index for determining the adsorption performance of manufactured sand
4 Classification and categories
4.1 Classification
4.1.1 Sand for construction may be classified into natural sand, manufactured sand and mixed sand according to the source of production.
4.1.2 Sand for construction may be classified into coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand and extra fine sand according to the fineness modulus as follows:
——Coarse sand: 3.7~3.1;
——Medium sand: 3.0~2.3;
——Fine sand: 2.2~1.6;
——Extra fine sand: 1.5~0.7.
4.2 Categories
Sand for construction may be classified into Categories I, II and III according to the technical requirements for particle grading, clay content (fine content), methylene blue (MB) value, clay lumps and friable particles content, hazardous substances, soundness, crushing index, and flaky particles content in manufactured sand.
5 General requirements
5.1 In addition to the requirements of 6.4, the hazardous substances in the manufactured sand produced with mine waste rocks and tailings shall also meet the requirements of China’s relevant standards and norms on environmental protection and safety.
5.2 The technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, and marking, storage and transportation of mixed sand shall be implemented according to those of manufactured sand.
6 Technical requirements
6.1 Particle grading
6.1.1 Except for extra fine sand, the cumulative percentage retained on sieve of Category I sand shall meet the requirements of Zone 2 in Table 1, and the percentages retained on sieve of this category shall meet the requirements of Table 2; and the cumulative percentage retained on sieve of Categories II and III sand shall meet the requirements of Table 1. The actual particle grading of sand may be slightly exceeded except for the 4.75mm and 0.60mm sieve grades, but the sum of the excess of cumulative percentage retained on sieve of all grades shall not be greater than 5%.
Contents of GB/T 14684-2022
Foreword II
Introduction IV
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Classification and categories
5 General requirements
6 Technical requirements
7 Test methods
8 Inspection rules
9 Marking, storage and transportation
