GB/T 17626 consists of the following parts, under the general title Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques:
— GB/T 17626.1-2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Overview of Immunity Tests;
— GB/T 17626.2-2018 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.3-2016 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Radiated Radio-frequency Electromagnetic Field Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.4-2018 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Electrical Fast Transient/Burst Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.5-2008 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Surge (Impact) Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.6-2017 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Immunity to Conducted Disturbances, Induced by Radio-frequency Fields;
— GB/T 17626.7-2008 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — General Guide on Harmonics and Interharmonics Measurements and Instrumentation for Power Supply Systems and Equipment Connected Thereto;
— GB/T 17626.8-2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.9-2011 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Pulse Magnetic Field Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.10-2017 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Damped Oscillatory Magnetic Field Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.11-2008 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions and Voltage Variations Immunity Tests;
— GB/T 17626.12-2013 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Oscillatory Waves Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.13-2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Harmonics and Interharmonics Including Mains Signalling at A.C. Power Port, Low Frequency Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.14-2005 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Voltage Fluctuation Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.15-2011 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Flickermeter — Functional and Design of Specifications;
— GB/T 17626.16-2007 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Test for Immunity to Conducted, Common Mode Disturbances in the Frequency Range 0 Hz to 150 kHz;
— GB/T 17626.17-2005 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Ripple on D.C. Input Power Port Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.18-2016 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Oscillatory Waves Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.20-2014 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Emission and Immunity Testing in Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) Waveguide;
— GB/T 17626.21-2014 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Reverberation Chamber Test Methods;
— GB/T 17626.22-2017 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Radiated Emissions and Immunity Measurements in Fully Anechoic Rooms (FARs);
— GB/T17626.24-2012 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Test Methods for Protective Devices for HEMP Conducted Disturbance;
— GB/T 17626.27-2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Unbalance Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.28-2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Variation of Power Frequency Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.29-2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions and Voltage Variations on D.C. Input Power Port Immunity Tests;
— GB/T 17626.30-2012 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Power Quality Measurement Methods;
— GB/T 17626.34-2012 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions and Voltage Variations Immunity Tests for Equipment with Mains Current More Than 16 A per Phase;
This is Part 2 of GB/T 17626.
This Part is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part replaces GB/T 17626.2-2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test in whole.
The following technical deviations have been made with respect to GB/T 17626.2-2008:
— Calibration procedure and measurement uncertainty are added to the Scope;
— The following terms are added: calibration, conformance test, rise time, and verification;
— The description of test levels in Clause 5 is modified;
— Charge switch is added to the test generator;
— Simplified diagram of the ESD generator is modified;
— Characteristics and performance of the ESD generator is added (see 6.2);
— Verification of the ESD setup is added (see 6.3);
— A.8 is added (see Annex A);
— Annex B is modified as: Calibration of the Current Measurement System and Measurement of Discharge Current;
— Annex C Example of a Calibration Target Meeting the Requirements of Annex B is added;
— Annex D Radiated Fields from Human Metal Discharge and ESD Generators is added;
— Annex E Measurement Uncertainty (MU) Considerations is added;
— Annex F Variation in Test Results and Escalation Strategy is added.
This part is identical with International Standard IEC 61000-4-2:2008 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-2: Testing and Measurement Techniques — Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test.
The Chinese documents identical to the normative international documents given in this part are as follows:
— GB/T 2421-2008 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products — Part 1: General and Guidance (IEC 60068-2-1:1988, IDT)
For the purposes of this part, the following editorial changes have also been made:
In order to be consistent with the existing standard series, the title of this part is changed to Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test.
This part was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 246).
Drafting organizations of this part: Shanghai Institute of Process Automation & Instrumentation, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai Electrical Apparatus Research Institute, Beijing Orient Institute of Measurement and Test, Army Engineering University of PLA and Shanghai Inspection and Testing Institute of Instruments and Automation Systems Co. Ltd.
Chief drafters of this part: Wang Ying, Yu Lei, Gong Zeng, Song Jiangwei, Ji Qizheng, Liu Zhihong, Hu Xiaofeng, Yuan Qingyun, Zhang Yixiang, Weng Haifeng and Yang Kai.
The previous edition of this part is as follows:
— GB/T 17626.2-2006.
Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 17626 specifies the immunity requirements and test methods for electrical and electronic equipment subjected to static electricity discharges, from operators directly, and from personnel to adjacent objects. It additionally defines ranges of test levels which relate to different environmental and installation conditions and establishes test procedures.
The object of this standard is to establish a common and reproducible basis for evaluating the performance of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to electrostatic discharges. In addition, it includes electrostatic discharges which may occur from personnel to objects near vital equipment.
This part defines:
— typical waveform of the discharge current;
— range of test levels;
— test equipment;
— test setup;
— test procedure;
— calibration procedure;
— measurement uncertainty.
This part gives specifications for test performed in "laboratories" and "post-installation tests" performed on equipment in the final installation.
This part does not intend to specify the tests to be applied to particular apparatus or systems. Its main aim is to give a general basic reference to all concerned product committees. The product committees (or users and manufacturers of equipment) remain responsible for the appropriate choice of the tests and the severity level to be applied to their equipment.
In order not to impede the task of coordination and standardization, the product committees or users and manufacturers are strongly recommended to consider (in their future work or revision of old standards) the adoption of the relevant immunity tests specified in this part.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 4365-2003 Electrotechnical Terminology — Electromagnetic Compatibility [IEC 60050 (161):1990, IDT]
IEC 60068-1 Environmental Testing — Part 1: General and Guidance
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 4365-2003 and the following apply. For the convenience of application, some terms and definitions specified in GB/T 4365-2013 are listed below.
3.1
air discharge method
method of testing in which the charged electrode of the test generator is moved towards the EUT until it touches the EUT
3.2
antistatic material
material exhibiting properties which minimize charge generation when rubbed against or separated from the same or other similar materials
3.3
calibration
set of operations which establishes, by reference to standards, the relationship which exists, under specified conditions, between an indication and a result of a measurement
Note 1: This term is based on the "uncertainty" approach.
Note 2: The relationship between the indications and the results of measurement can be expressed, in principle, by a calibration diagram.
[GB/T 2900.77-2008, definition 311-01-09]
3.4
conformance test
test on a representative sample of the equipment with the objective of determining whether the equipment, as designed and manufactured, can meet the requirements of this standard
3.5
contact discharge method
method of testing in which the electrode of the test generator is kept in contact with the EUT or coupling plane and the discharge is actuated by the discharge switch within the generator
3.6
coupling plane
metal sheet or plate, to which discharges are applied to simulate electrostatic discharge to objects adjacent to the EUT; HCP: Horizontal Coupling Plane; VCP: Vertical Coupling Plane
3.7
degradation (of performance)
undesired departure in the operational performance of any device, equipment or system from its intended performance
Note: The term "degradation" can apply to temporary or permanent malfunction.
[GB/T 4365-2003, definition 161-01-19]
3.8
direct application
application of the discharge directly to the EUT
3.9
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
ability of an equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment
[GB/T 4365-2003, definition 161-01-07]
3.10
electrostatic discharge (ESD)
transfer of electric charge between bodies of different electrostatic potential in proximity or through direct contact
[GB/T 4365-2003, definition 161-01-22]
3.11
energy storage capacitor
capacitor of the ESD-generator representing the capacity of a human body charged to the test voltage value
Note: This element may be provided as a discrete component or a distributed capacitance.
3.12
EUT
equipment under test
3.13
ground reference plane (GRP)
flat conductive surface whose potential is used as a common reference
[GB/T 4365-2003, definition 161-04-36]
3.14
holding time
interval of time within which the decrease of the test voltage due to leakage, prior to the discharge, is not greater than 10%
3.15
immunity (to a disturbance)
ability of a device, equipment or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an electromagnetic disturbance
[GB/T 4365-2003, definition 161-01-20]
3.16
indirect application
application of the discharge to a coupling plane in the vicinity of the EUT to simulate personnel discharge to objects which are adjacent to the EUT
3.1 7
rise time
interval of time between the instants at which the instantaneous value of a pulse first reaches the specified lower and upper limits
Note: Unless otherwise specified, the lower and upper values are fixed at 1 0% and 90% of the pulse magnitude.
[GB/T 4365-2003, definition 161-02-05, modified]
3.18
verification
set of operations which are used to check the test equipment system (e.g., the test generator and the interconnecting cables) and to demonstrate that the test system is functioning
Note 1: The methods used for verification can be different from those used for calibration.
Note 2: For the purpose of this basic EMC standard this definition is different from the definition given in IEV 311-01-13.
4 General
This standard relates to equipment, systems, subsystems and peripherals which may be involved in static electricity discharges owing to environmental and installation conditions, such as low relative humidity, use of low-conductivity (artificial-fiber) carpets, vinyl garments, etc., which may exist in all locations classified in standards relevant to electrical and electronic equipment (for more detailed information, see Clause A.1).
Note: From the technical point of view, the precise term for the phenomenon would be static electricity discharge. However, the term electrostatic discharge (ESD) is widely used in the technical world and in technical literature. Therefore, it has been decided to retain the term electrostatic discharge in the title of this standard.
5 Test Levels
The preferred range of test levels for the ESD test is given in Table 1.
Contact discharge is the preferred test method. Air discharges shall be used where contact discharge cannot be applied. Voltages for each test method are given in Table 1. The voltages shown are different for each method due to the differing methods of test. This does not imply that the test severity is equivalent between test methods.
Details concerning the various parameters which may influence the voltage to which the human body may be charged are given in Clause A.2. Clause A.4 also contains examples of the application of the test levels related to environmental (installation) classes.
For air discharge testing, the test shall be applied at all test levels in Table 1 up to and including the specified test level. For contact discharge testing, the test shall be applied at the specified test level only unless otherwise specified by product committees.
Further information is given in Clauses A.3, A.4 and A.5.
Table 1 Test levels
Contact discharge Air discharge
Level Test voltage
kV Level Test voltage
kV
1
2
3
4
Xa 2
4
6
8
Special 1
2
3
4
Xa 2
4
8
15
Special
a "X" can be any level, above, below or in between the others. The level shall be specified in the dedicated equipment specification. If higher voltages than those shown are specified, special test equipment may be needed.
6 Test Generator
6.1 General
The test generator consists, in its main parts, of
— charging resistor Rc;
— energy-storage capacitor Cs;
— distributed capacitance Cd;
— discharge resistor Rd;
— voltage indicator;
— discharge switch;
— charge switch;
— interchangeable tips of the discharge electrode (see Figure 3);
— discharge return cable;
— power supply unit.
A simplified diagram of the ESD generator is given in Figure 1 . Constructional details are not given.
充电开关 Charge switch
放电开关 Discharge switch
放电头 Discharge tip
直流高压电源 DC HV supply
放电回路连接点 Discharge return connection
Note 1: Cd is a distributed capacitance which exists between the generator and its surroundings.
Note 2: Cd + Cs has a typical value of 150 pF.
Note 3: Rd has a typical value of 330 Ω.
Figure 1 Simplified diagram of the ESD generator
The generator shall meet the requirements given in 6.2 when evaluated according to the procedures in Annex B. Therefore, neither the diagram in Figure 1 , nor the element values are specified in detail.
6.2 Characteristics and performance of the ESD generator
The test generator shall meet the specifications given in Tables 2 and 3. Figure 2 shows an ideal current waveform and the measurement points referred to in Tables 2 and 3.
Conformance with these specifications shall be demonstrated according to the methods described in Annex B.
Table 2 General specifications
Parameters Values
Output voltage, contact discharge mode (see Note 1) At least 1 kV to 8 kV, nominal
Output voltage, air discharge mode (see Note 1) At least 2 kV to 1 5 kV, nominal (see Note 3)
Tolerance of output voltage ±5%
Polarity of output voltage Positive and negative
Holding time ≥5 s
Discharge mode of operation Single discharges (see Note 2)
Note 1: Open circuit voltage measured at the discharge electrode of the ESD generator.
Note 2: The generator should be able to generate at a repetition rate of at least 20 discharges per second for exploratory purposes.
Note 3: It is not necessary to use a generator with 1 5 kV air discharge capability if the maximum test voltage to be used is lower.
Table 3 Contact discharge current waveform parameters
Level Indicated voltage
kV First peak current of discharge (±15%)
A Rise time tr (+25%) ns Current (±30%) at 30 ns
A Current (±30%) at 60 ns
A
1 2 7.5 0.8 4 2
2 4 15 0.8 8 4
3 6 22.5 0.8 12 6
4 8 30 0.8 16 8
The reference point for measuring the time for the current at 30 ns and 60 ns is the instant when the current first reaches 10% of the 1st peak of the discharge current.
Note: The rise time, tr, is the time interval between 10% and 90% value of 1st peak current.
电流 Current
时间 Time
Figure 2 Ideal contact discharge current waveform at 4 kV
The equation for the idealized waveform of Figure 2, I(t), is as follows:
Where:
and
τ1 = 1.1 ns; τ2 = 2 ns; τ3 = 12 ns; τ4 = 37 ns;
I1 = 16.6 A (at 4 kV); I2 = 9.3 A (at 4 kV);
n = 1.8.
The generator should be provided with means of preventing unintended radiated or conducted emissions, either of pulse or continuous type, so as not to disturb the EUT or auxiliary test equipment by parasitic effects (see Annex D).
The discharge electrodes shall conform to the shapes and dimensions shown in Figure 3. The electrodes may be covered with insulated coatings, provided the discharge current waveform specifications are met.
发生器本体 Body of the generator
可换部件（前端） Interchangeable part (tip)
a）空气放电的放电电极 a) Discharge electrode for air discharges
尖端点 Sharp point
b）接触放电的放电电极 b) Discharge electrode for contact discharges
Figure 3 Discharge electrodes of the ESD generator
For the air discharge test method the same generator is used and the discharge switch has to be closed. The generator shall be fitted with the round tip shown in Figure 3a). Because the same ESD generator is used no further specifications for the air discharge method exist.
The discharge return cable of the test generator shall be (2 ± 0.05) m long, and constructed to allow the generator to meet the waveform specification. The length of the discharge return cable is measured from the ESD generator body to the end of the connecting point.
It shall be sufficiently insulated to prevent the flow of the discharge current to personnel or conducting surfaces other than via its termination, during the ESD test.
The discharge return cable used for testing shall be the same or identical with the cable used during calibration.
In cases where a 2 m length of the discharge return cable is insufficient, (e.g. for tall EUTs), a length up to 3 m may be used. The waveform specification shall be met with the cable(s) used during testing.
Foreword II
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 General
5 Test Levels
6 Test Generator
6.1 General
6.2 Characteristics and performance of the ESD generator
6.3 Verification of the ESD setup
7 Test Setup
7.1 Test equipment
7.2 Test setup for tests performed in laboratories
7.3 Test setup for post-installation tests
8 Test Procedure
8.1 Laboratory reference conditions
8.2 EUT exercising
8.3 Execution of the test
9 Evaluation of Test Results
10 Test Report
Annex A (Informative) Explanatory Notes
Annex B (Normative) Calibration of the Current Measurement System and Measurement of Discharge Current
Annex C (Informative) Example of a Calibration Target Meeting the Requirements of Annex B
Annex D (Informative) Radiated Fields from Human Metal Discharge and ESD Generators
Annex E (Informative) Measurement Uncertainty (MU) Considerations
Annex F (Informative) Variation in Test Results and Escalation Strategy
Bibliography
GB/T 17626 consists of the following parts, under the general title Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques:
— GB/T 17626.1-2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Overview of Immunity Tests;
— GB/T 17626.2-2018 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.3-2016 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Radiated Radio-frequency Electromagnetic Field Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.4-2018 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Electrical Fast Transient/Burst Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.5-2008 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Surge (Impact) Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.6-2017 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Immunity to Conducted Disturbances, Induced by Radio-frequency Fields;
— GB/T 17626.7-2008 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — General Guide on Harmonics and Interharmonics Measurements and Instrumentation for Power Supply Systems and Equipment Connected Thereto;
— GB/T 17626.8-2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.9-2011 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Pulse Magnetic Field Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.10-2017 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Damped Oscillatory Magnetic Field Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.11-2008 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions and Voltage Variations Immunity Tests;
— GB/T 17626.12-2013 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Oscillatory Waves Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.13-2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Harmonics and Interharmonics Including Mains Signalling at A.C. Power Port, Low Frequency Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.14-2005 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Voltage Fluctuation Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.15-2011 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Flickermeter — Functional and Design of Specifications;
— GB/T 17626.16-2007 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Test for Immunity to Conducted, Common Mode Disturbances in the Frequency Range 0 Hz to 150 kHz;
— GB/T 17626.17-2005 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Ripple on D.C. Input Power Port Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.18-2016 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Oscillatory Waves Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.20-2014 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Emission and Immunity Testing in Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) Waveguide;
— GB/T 17626.21-2014 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Reverberation Chamber Test Methods;
— GB/T 17626.22-2017 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Radiated Emissions and Immunity Measurements in Fully Anechoic Rooms (FARs);
— GB/T17626.24-2012 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Test Methods for Protective Devices for HEMP Conducted Disturbance;
— GB/T 17626.27-2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Unbalance Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.28-2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Variation of Power Frequency Immunity Test;
— GB/T 17626.29-2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions and Voltage Variations on D.C. Input Power Port Immunity Tests;
— GB/T 17626.30-2012 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Power Quality Measurement Methods;
— GB/T 17626.34-2012 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions and Voltage Variations Immunity Tests for Equipment with Mains Current More Than 16 A per Phase;
This is Part 2 of GB/T 17626.
This Part is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part replaces GB/T 17626.2-2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test in whole.
The following technical deviations have been made with respect to GB/T 17626.2-2008:
— Calibration procedure and measurement uncertainty are added to the Scope;
— The following terms are added: calibration, conformance test, rise time, and verification;
— The description of test levels in Clause 5 is modified;
— Charge switch is added to the test generator;
— Simplified diagram of the ESD generator is modified;
— Characteristics and performance of the ESD generator is added (see 6.2);
— Verification of the ESD setup is added (see 6.3);
— A.8 is added (see Annex A);
— Annex B is modified as: Calibration of the Current Measurement System and Measurement of Discharge Current;
— Annex C Example of a Calibration Target Meeting the Requirements of Annex B is added;
— Annex D Radiated Fields from Human Metal Discharge and ESD Generators is added;
— Annex E Measurement Uncertainty (MU) Considerations is added;
— Annex F Variation in Test Results and Escalation Strategy is added.
This part is identical with International Standard IEC 61000-4-2:2008 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-2: Testing and Measurement Techniques — Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test.
The Chinese documents identical to the normative international documents given in this part are as follows:
— GB/T 2421-2008 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products — Part 1: General and Guidance (IEC 60068-2-1:1988, IDT)
For the purposes of this part, the following editorial changes have also been made:
In order to be consistent with the existing standard series, the title of this part is changed to Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test.
This part was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 246).
Drafting organizations of this part: Shanghai Institute of Process Automation & Instrumentation, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai Electrical Apparatus Research Institute, Beijing Orient Institute of Measurement and Test, Army Engineering University of PLA and Shanghai Inspection and Testing Institute of Instruments and Automation Systems Co. Ltd.
Chief drafters of this part: Wang Ying, Yu Lei, Gong Zeng, Song Jiangwei, Ji Qizheng, Liu Zhihong, Hu Xiaofeng, Yuan Qingyun, Zhang Yixiang, Weng Haifeng and Yang Kai.
The previous edition of this part is as follows:
— GB/T 17626.2-2006.
Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 17626 specifies the immunity requirements and test methods for electrical and electronic equipment subjected to static electricity discharges, from operators directly, and from personnel to adjacent objects. It additionally defines ranges of test levels which relate to different environmental and installation conditions and establishes test procedures.
The object of this standard is to establish a common and reproducible basis for evaluating the performance of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to electrostatic discharges. In addition, it includes electrostatic discharges which may occur from personnel to objects near vital equipment.
This part defines:
— typical waveform of the discharge current;
— range of test levels;
— test equipment;
— test setup;
— test procedure;
— calibration procedure;
— measurement uncertainty.
This part gives specifications for test performed in "laboratories" and "post-installation tests" performed on equipment in the final installation.
This part does not intend to specify the tests to be applied to particular apparatus or systems. Its main aim is to give a general basic reference to all concerned product committees. The product committees (or users and manufacturers of equipment) remain responsible for the appropriate choice of the tests and the severity level to be applied to their equipment.
In order not to impede the task of coordination and standardization, the product committees or users and manufacturers are strongly recommended to consider (in their future work or revision of old standards) the adoption of the relevant immunity tests specified in this part.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 4365-2003 Electrotechnical Terminology — Electromagnetic Compatibility [IEC 60050 (161):1990, IDT]
IEC 60068-1 Environmental Testing — Part 1: General and Guidance
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 4365-2003 and the following apply. For the convenience of application, some terms and definitions specified in GB/T 4365-2013 are listed below.
3.1
air discharge method
method of testing in which the charged electrode of the test generator is moved towards the EUT until it touches the EUT
3.2
antistatic material
material exhibiting properties which minimize charge generation when rubbed against or separated from the same or other similar materials
3.3
calibration
set of operations which establishes, by reference to standards, the relationship which exists, under specified conditions, between an indication and a result of a measurement
Note 1: This term is based on the "uncertainty" approach.
Note 2: The relationship between the indications and the results of measurement can be expressed, in principle, by a calibration diagram.
[GB/T 2900.77-2008, definition 311-01-09]
3.4
conformance test
test on a representative sample of the equipment with the objective of determining whether the equipment, as designed and manufactured, can meet the requirements of this standard
3.5
contact discharge method
method of testing in which the electrode of the test generator is kept in contact with the EUT or coupling plane and the discharge is actuated by the discharge switch within the generator
3.6
coupling plane
metal sheet or plate, to which discharges are applied to simulate electrostatic discharge to objects adjacent to the EUT; HCP: Horizontal Coupling Plane; VCP: Vertical Coupling Plane
3.7
degradation (of performance)
undesired departure in the operational performance of any device, equipment or system from its intended performance
Note: The term "degradation" can apply to temporary or permanent malfunction.
[GB/T 4365-2003, definition 161-01-19]
3.8
direct application
application of the discharge directly to the EUT
3.9
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
ability of an equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment
[GB/T 4365-2003, definition 161-01-07]
3.10
electrostatic discharge (ESD)
transfer of electric charge between bodies of different electrostatic potential in proximity or through direct contact
[GB/T 4365-2003, definition 161-01-22]
3.11
energy storage capacitor
capacitor of the ESD-generator representing the capacity of a human body charged to the test voltage value
Note: This element may be provided as a discrete component or a distributed capacitance.
3.12
EUT
equipment under test
3.13
ground reference plane (GRP)
flat conductive surface whose potential is used as a common reference
[GB/T 4365-2003, definition 161-04-36]
3.14
holding time
interval of time within which the decrease of the test voltage due to leakage, prior to the discharge, is not greater than 10%
3.15
immunity (to a disturbance)
ability of a device, equipment or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an electromagnetic disturbance
[GB/T 4365-2003, definition 161-01-20]
3.16
indirect application
application of the discharge to a coupling plane in the vicinity of the EUT to simulate personnel discharge to objects which are adjacent to the EUT
3.1 7
rise time
interval of time between the instants at which the instantaneous value of a pulse first reaches the specified lower and upper limits
Note: Unless otherwise specified, the lower and upper values are fixed at 1 0% and 90% of the pulse magnitude.
[GB/T 4365-2003, definition 161-02-05, modified]
3.18
verification
set of operations which are used to check the test equipment system (e.g., the test generator and the interconnecting cables) and to demonstrate that the test system is functioning
Note 1: The methods used for verification can be different from those used for calibration.
Note 2: For the purpose of this basic EMC standard this definition is different from the definition given in IEV 311-01-13.
4 General
This standard relates to equipment, systems, subsystems and peripherals which may be involved in static electricity discharges owing to environmental and installation conditions, such as low relative humidity, use of low-conductivity (artificial-fiber) carpets, vinyl garments, etc., which may exist in all locations classified in standards relevant to electrical and electronic equipment (for more detailed information, see Clause A.1).
Note: From the technical point of view, the precise term for the phenomenon would be static electricity discharge. However, the term electrostatic discharge (ESD) is widely used in the technical world and in technical literature. Therefore, it has been decided to retain the term electrostatic discharge in the title of this standard.
5 Test Levels
The preferred range of test levels for the ESD test is given in Table 1.
Contact discharge is the preferred test method. Air discharges shall be used where contact discharge cannot be applied. Voltages for each test method are given in Table 1. The voltages shown are different for each method due to the differing methods of test. This does not imply that the test severity is equivalent between test methods.
Details concerning the various parameters which may influence the voltage to which the human body may be charged are given in Clause A.2. Clause A.4 also contains examples of the application of the test levels related to environmental (installation) classes.
For air discharge testing, the test shall be applied at all test levels in Table 1 up to and including the specified test level. For contact discharge testing, the test shall be applied at the specified test level only unless otherwise specified by product committees.
Further information is given in Clauses A.3, A.4 and A.5.
Table 1 Test levels
Contact discharge Air discharge
Level Test voltage
kV Level Test voltage
kV
1
2
3
4
Xa 2
4
6
8
Special 1
2
3
4
Xa 2
4
8
15
Special
a "X" can be any level, above, below or in between the others. The level shall be specified in the dedicated equipment specification. If higher voltages than those shown are specified, special test equipment may be needed.
6 Test Generator
6.1 General
The test generator consists, in its main parts, of
— charging resistor Rc;
— energy-storage capacitor Cs;
— distributed capacitance Cd;
— discharge resistor Rd;
— voltage indicator;
— discharge switch;
— charge switch;
— interchangeable tips of the discharge electrode (see Figure 3);
— discharge return cable;
— power supply unit.
A simplified diagram of the ESD generator is given in Figure 1 . Constructional details are not given.
充电开关 Charge switch
放电开关 Discharge switch
放电头 Discharge tip
直流高压电源 DC HV supply
放电回路连接点 Discharge return connection
Note 1: Cd is a distributed capacitance which exists between the generator and its surroundings.
Note 2: Cd + Cs has a typical value of 150 pF.
Note 3: Rd has a typical value of 330 Ω.
Figure 1 Simplified diagram of the ESD generator
The generator shall meet the requirements given in 6.2 when evaluated according to the procedures in Annex B. Therefore, neither the diagram in Figure 1 , nor the element values are specified in detail.
6.2 Characteristics and performance of the ESD generator
The test generator shall meet the specifications given in Tables 2 and 3. Figure 2 shows an ideal current waveform and the measurement points referred to in Tables 2 and 3.
Conformance with these specifications shall be demonstrated according to the methods described in Annex B.
Table 2 General specifications
Parameters Values
Output voltage, contact discharge mode (see Note 1) At least 1 kV to 8 kV, nominal
Output voltage, air discharge mode (see Note 1) At least 2 kV to 1 5 kV, nominal (see Note 3)
Tolerance of output voltage ±5%
Polarity of output voltage Positive and negative
Holding time ≥5 s
Discharge mode of operation Single discharges (see Note 2)
Note 1: Open circuit voltage measured at the discharge electrode of the ESD generator.
Note 2: The generator should be able to generate at a repetition rate of at least 20 discharges per second for exploratory purposes.
Note 3: It is not necessary to use a generator with 1 5 kV air discharge capability if the maximum test voltage to be used is lower.
Table 3 Contact discharge current waveform parameters
Level Indicated voltage
kV First peak current of discharge (±15%)
A Rise time tr (+25%) ns Current (±30%) at 30 ns
A Current (±30%) at 60 ns
A
1 2 7.5 0.8 4 2
2 4 15 0.8 8 4
3 6 22.5 0.8 12 6
4 8 30 0.8 16 8
The reference point for measuring the time for the current at 30 ns and 60 ns is the instant when the current first reaches 10% of the 1st peak of the discharge current.
Note: The rise time, tr, is the time interval between 10% and 90% value of 1st peak current.
电流 Current
时间 Time
Figure 2 Ideal contact discharge current waveform at 4 kV
The equation for the idealized waveform of Figure 2, I(t), is as follows:
Where:
and
τ1 = 1.1 ns; τ2 = 2 ns; τ3 = 12 ns; τ4 = 37 ns;
I1 = 16.6 A (at 4 kV); I2 = 9.3 A (at 4 kV);
n = 1.8.
The generator should be provided with means of preventing unintended radiated or conducted emissions, either of pulse or continuous type, so as not to disturb the EUT or auxiliary test equipment by parasitic effects (see Annex D).
The discharge electrodes shall conform to the shapes and dimensions shown in Figure 3. The electrodes may be covered with insulated coatings, provided the discharge current waveform specifications are met.
发生器本体 Body of the generator
可换部件（前端） Interchangeable part (tip)
a）空气放电的放电电极 a) Discharge electrode for air discharges
尖端点 Sharp point
b）接触放电的放电电极 b) Discharge electrode for contact discharges
Figure 3 Discharge electrodes of the ESD generator
For the air discharge test method the same generator is used and the discharge switch has to be closed. The generator shall be fitted with the round tip shown in Figure 3a). Because the same ESD generator is used no further specifications for the air discharge method exist.
The discharge return cable of the test generator shall be (2 ± 0.05) m long, and constructed to allow the generator to meet the waveform specification. The length of the discharge return cable is measured from the ESD generator body to the end of the connecting point.
It shall be sufficiently insulated to prevent the flow of the discharge current to personnel or conducting surfaces other than via its termination, during the ESD test.
The discharge return cable used for testing shall be the same or identical with the cable used during calibration.
In cases where a 2 m length of the discharge return cable is insufficient, (e.g. for tall EUTs), a length up to 3 m may be used. The waveform specification shall be met with the cable(s) used during testing.
Contents of GB/T 17626.2-2018
Foreword II
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 General
5 Test Levels
6 Test Generator
6.1 General
6.2 Characteristics and performance of the ESD generator
6.3 Verification of the ESD setup
7 Test Setup
7.1 Test equipment
7.2 Test setup for tests performed in laboratories
7.3 Test setup for post-installation tests
8 Test Procedure
8.1 Laboratory reference conditions
8.2 EUT exercising
8.3 Execution of the test
9 Evaluation of Test Results
10 Test Report
Annex A (Informative) Explanatory Notes
Annex B (Normative) Calibration of the Current Measurement System and Measurement of Discharge Current
Annex C (Informative) Example of a Calibration Target Meeting the Requirements of Annex B
Annex D (Informative) Radiated Fields from Human Metal Discharge and ESD Generators
Annex E (Informative) Measurement Uncertainty (MU) Considerations
Annex F (Informative) Variation in Test Results and Escalation Strategy
Bibliography
