1 Scope
This Standard covers the minimum requirements for reciprocating compressors and their drivers used in the petroleum and natural gas industries with either lubricated or nonlubricated cylinders.
Compressors covered by this Standard are moderate to low-speed and in critical services. Also included are related lubricating systems, controls, instrumentation, intercoolers, aftercoolers, pulsation suppression devices and other auxiliary equipment.
This Standard may be used for other services or in other industries by agreement.
Excluded are integral gas-engine driven compressors, packaged high-speed separable engine-driven reciprocating gas compressors, compressors with single-acting trunk-type (automotive-type) pistons that also serve as crossheads and either plant or instrument air compressors that discharge at gauge pressures of 0.9MPa or below. Also excluded are gas engine and steam engine drivers.
2 Normative References
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
GB 150 Steel Pressure Vessels
GB 151 Tubular Heat Exchangers
GB/T 196 General Purpose Metric Screw Threads - Basic Dimensions (GB/T 196-2003, ISO 724:1993, MOD)
GB/T 197 General Purpose Metric Screw Threads – Tolerances (GB/T 197-2003, ISO 965-1:1998, MOD)
GB 755 Rotating Electrical Machines - Rating and Performance (GB/T 755-2000, idt IEC 60034-1:1996)
GB/T 3098.1-2000 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners - Bolts, Screws and Studs (idt ISO 898-1:1999)
GB/T 3098.2-2000 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners - Nuts - Coarse Thread (idt ISO 898-2:1992)
GB/T 3098.4-2000 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners - Nuts - Fine Pitch Thread (idt ISO 898-6:1994)
GB/T 3098.6-2000 Mechanical Properties of Corrosion-Resistant Stainless-Steel Fasteners - Part 1:Bolts,Screws and Studs (idt ISO 3506-1:1997)
GB/T 3098.15-2000 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners - Nuts Made of Stainless Steel (idt ISO 3506-2:1997)
GB 3836.1-2000 Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres - Part 1: General Requirements (eqv IEC 60079-0:1998)
GB/T 3853 Displacement Compressor - Acceptance Tests (GB/T 3853-1998, eqv ISO 1217:1996)
GB 4208 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure (IP Code) (GB 4208-1993, eqv IEC 529:1989)
GB 5310 Seamless Steel Tubes and Pipes for High Pressure Boiler (GB 5310-1995, neq ASTM A 335:1990)
GB/T 5677 Methods of Radiographic Testing and Classification of Radiographs for Steel Castings
GB/T 6391-2003 Rolling Bearings - Dynamic Load Ratings and Rating Life (ISO 281:1990, IDT)
GB/T 6988.6-1993 Preparation of Function Charts for Control Systems (eqv IEC 848:1988)
GB/T 7306.1~7306.2 Pipe Threads with 55 Degree Thread Angle Where Pressure-tight Joints Are Made on the Threads (GB/T 7306.1~7306.2-2000, eqv ISO7-1:1994)
GB/T 8163 Seamless Steel Tubes for Liquid Service (GB/T 8163-1999, neq ISO 559:1991)
GB/T 8923-1988 Rust Grades and Preparation Grades of Steel Surfaces Before Application of Paints and Related Products (eqv ISO 8501-1:1988)
GB/T 9112~9124 Steel Pipe Flanges (GB/T 9112~9124-2000, neq ISO 7005-1:1992)
GB/T 9443-1988 Methods of Liquid Penetrant Testing and Classification of Indication for Steel Castings
GB/T 9948 Seamless Steel Tubes for Petroleum Cracking
GB/T 11352 Carbon Steel Castings for General Engineering Purpose (GB/T 11352-1989, neq ISO 3755:1975)
GB/T 12716 Pipe Threads with the Thread Angle of 60 Degrees Where Pressure-tight Joints are Made on the Threads (GB/T 12716-2002, eqv ASME B 1.20.1; 1992)
GB/T 14976 Stainless Steel Seamless Tubes for Fluid Transport
GB/T 15386 Air-cooled Heat Exchanger
GB/T 17241
(all the parts) Cast Iron Pipe Flanges (GB/T 17241.1~17241.7-1998, neq ISO 7005-2:1988)
GB/Z 19414 Enclosed Gear Drives for Industrial Applications (GB/Z 19414-2003, ISO/TR 13593:1999, IDT)
GB 50235 Code for Construction and Acceptance of Industrial Metallic Piping
JB/T 2773 PN16.0~32.0 MPa Studs
JB/T 2774 PN16.0~32.0 Mpa Studs and Pore Dimensions
JB/T 2775 PN16.0~32.0 MPa Nuts
JB/T 4365-1997 Lubrication, Shaft Sealing and Control Oil Systems for Specific Services (eqv API Std 614-1992)
JB 4730 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Vessels
JB/T 5439 Ultrasonic Examination of Nodular Cast Iron Parts for Compressor
JB/T 5440 Ultrasonic Examination of Forged Steel Parts for Compressor
JB/T 5441 Ultrasonic Examination of Cast Steel Parts for Compressor
JB/T 5442 Magnetic Particle Examination of the Major Parts for Compressor
JB/T 6431 Grey Iron Castings for Volumetric Compressor
JB/T 6441 Safety Valves for Compressor
JB/T 6764 Specification for Steam Turbine for General Industrial Use
JB/T 6765 Specification for Steam Turbine for Special Industrial Use
JB/T 6908 Specification for Volumetric Compressor Forgings
JB/T 7912 General Purpose Screw Threads - Selected Sizes for Commercial Screws, Bolts and Nuts (JB/T 7912-1999, eqv ISO 262:1973)
JB/T 8466 Liquid Penetration Inspection Method for Steel Forgings
JB/T 9104 Specification for the Nodular Iron Castings of Volumetric Compressor
JB/T 9559 Flexible Coupling for Industrial Steam Turbine (JB/T 9559-1999, neq API 671-79)
Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology of Pressure Vessels
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Standard, the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1
acoustic simulation
process whereby the one-dimensional acoustic characteristics of fluids and the reciprocating compressor dynamic flow influence on these characteristics are modeled
Note: The model is mathematically based upon the governing differential equations (motion, continuity, etc.). The simulation should allow for determination of pressure/flow modulations at any point in the piping model resulting from any generalized compressor excitation (see 3.4 and 3.7).
3.2
active analysis
portion of the acoustic simulation in which the pressure pulsation amplitudes due to imposed compressor operation for the anticipated loading, speed range and state conditions are simulated (see 3.1)
3.3
alarm point
preset value of a parameter at which an alarm is actuated to warn of a condition that requires corrective action
3.4
analogue simulation
method using electrical components (inductances, capacitors, resistances and current supply devices) to achieve the acoustic simulation (see 3.1)
3.5
capacity
quantity of gas taken into the compressor at the specified inlet conditions, compressed and delivered at the specified discharge pressure
Note: The capacity of a compressor does not include any gas that leaks out of the compressor during the compression process nor any air that leaks into a compressor used as a vacuum pump.
3.6
combined rod load
algebraic sum of gas load and inertia force on the crosshead pin
Note: Gas load is the force resulting from differential gas pressure acting on the piston differential area. Inertia force is that force resulting from the acceleration of reciprocating mass. The inertia force with respect to the crosshead pin is the summation of the products of all reciprocating masses (piston and rod assembly, and crosshead assembly including pin) and their respective acceleration.
3.7
design
Foreword i
Introduction ii
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Statutory Requirements
5 Basic Design
5.1 General
•5.2 Permissible Speeds
5.3 Permissible Discharge Temperature
5.4 Rod and Gas Loads
5.5 Critical Speeds
6 Compressor Components
6.1 Compressor Cylinders
6.2 Valves and Unloaders
6.3 Pistons, Piston Rods and Piston Rings
6.4 Crankcases, Crankshafts, Connecting Rods, Bearings and Crossheads
6.5 Distance Pieces
6.6 Packing Cases and Pressure Packing
6.7 Nameplates and Rotation Arrows
7 Materials
7.1 General
7.2 Pressure-containing Parts
7.3 Castings
7.4 Forgings
7.5 Fabricated Cylinders and Cylinder Heads
7.6 Repairs to Castings and Forgings
7.7 Welding
•7.8 Low Temperature Service
8 Lubrication
8.1 Compressor Frame Lubrication
8.2 Cylinder and Packing Lubrication
9 Accessories
9.1 Drivers
9.2 Couplings and Guards
9.3 Reduction Gears
9.4 Belt Drives
9.5 Mounting Plates
9.6 Intercoolers and Aftercoolers
9.7 Air Intake Filters
9.8 Special Tools
10 Controls and Instrumentation
10.1 General
10.2 Control Systems
10.3 Instrument and Control Panels
10.4 Instrumentation
10.5 Alarms and Shut-downs
10.6 Electrical Systems
10.7 Vibration and Position Detectors
11 Piping and Appurtenances
11.1 General
11.2 Frame Lubrication Oil Piping
11.3 Forced-feed Lubricator Tubing
11.4 Coolant Piping
11.5 Instrument Piping
11.6 Process Piping
12 Pulsation and Vibration Control
12.1 General
12.2 Design Approaches
12.3 Pulsation Suppression Devices
•12.4 Supports for Pulsation Suppression Devices
13 Inspection and Testing
13.1 General
13.2 Inspection
13.3 Testing
14 Preparation for Shipment
15 Vendor’s Data
15.1 General
15.2 Proposals
15.3 Contract Data
Appendix A (Informative) Data Sheets and Check-list
Appendix B (Informative) Required Capacity, Manufacturer's Rated Capacity and No Negative Tolerance
Appendix C (Informative) Piston rod and Runout
Appendix D (Informative) Repairs to Grey or Nodular Iron Castings
Appendix E (Informative) Examples of Typical Logic Diagram Showing Critical Functions
Appendix F (Informative) Vendor Drawing and Data Requirements
Appendix G (Informative) Figures and Schematics
Appendix H (Informative) Materials for Major Component Parts
Appendix I (Informative) Distance Piece Vent, Drain and Buffer Systems to Minimize Process Gas Leakage
Appendix J (Informative) Reciprocating Compressor Nomenclature
Appendix K (Informative) Inspector's Check-list
Appendix L (Informative) Typical Mounting Plate Arrangement
Appendix M (Informative) Pulsation and Vibration Control Studies
Appendix N (Informative) Guideline for Compressor Gas Piping Design and Preparation for an Acoustic Simulation Analysis
Appendix O (Informative) Guidelines for Sizing Low Pass Acoustic Filters
Appendix P (Informative) Compressor Components - Compliance with Resistant Hydrogen Sulfide Materials
Appendix Q (Informative) Alarm and Shut-down Systems
Appendix R (Informative) References and Bibliography of ISO 13707:2000
Appendix S (Informative) Technical Differences and the Reasons between this Part and ISO 13707:2000
1 Scope
This Standard covers the minimum requirements for reciprocating compressors and their drivers used in the petroleum and natural gas industries with either lubricated or nonlubricated cylinders.
Compressors covered by this Standard are moderate to low-speed and in critical services. Also included are related lubricating systems, controls, instrumentation, intercoolers, aftercoolers, pulsation suppression devices and other auxiliary equipment.
This Standard may be used for other services or in other industries by agreement.
Excluded are integral gas-engine driven compressors, packaged high-speed separable engine-driven reciprocating gas compressors, compressors with single-acting trunk-type (automotive-type) pistons that also serve as crossheads and either plant or instrument air compressors that discharge at gauge pressures of 0.9MPa or below. Also excluded are gas engine and steam engine drivers.
2 Normative References
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
GB 150 Steel Pressure Vessels
GB 151 Tubular Heat Exchangers
GB/T 196 General Purpose Metric Screw Threads - Basic Dimensions (GB/T 196-2003, ISO 724:1993, MOD)
GB/T 197 General Purpose Metric Screw Threads – Tolerances (GB/T 197-2003, ISO 965-1:1998, MOD)
GB 755 Rotating Electrical Machines - Rating and Performance (GB/T 755-2000, idt IEC 60034-1:1996)
GB/T 3098.1-2000 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners - Bolts, Screws and Studs (idt ISO 898-1:1999)
GB/T 3098.2-2000 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners - Nuts - Coarse Thread (idt ISO 898-2:1992)
GB/T 3098.4-2000 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners - Nuts - Fine Pitch Thread (idt ISO 898-6:1994)
GB/T 3098.6-2000 Mechanical Properties of Corrosion-Resistant Stainless-Steel Fasteners - Part 1:Bolts,Screws and Studs (idt ISO 3506-1:1997)
GB/T 3098.15-2000 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners - Nuts Made of Stainless Steel (idt ISO 3506-2:1997)
GB 3836.1-2000 Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres - Part 1: General Requirements (eqv IEC 60079-0:1998)
GB/T 3853 Displacement Compressor - Acceptance Tests (GB/T 3853-1998, eqv ISO 1217:1996)
GB 4208 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure (IP Code) (GB 4208-1993, eqv IEC 529:1989)
GB 5310 Seamless Steel Tubes and Pipes for High Pressure Boiler (GB 5310-1995, neq ASTM A 335:1990)
GB/T 5677 Methods of Radiographic Testing and Classification of Radiographs for Steel Castings
GB/T 6391-2003 Rolling Bearings - Dynamic Load Ratings and Rating Life (ISO 281:1990, IDT)
GB/T 6988.6-1993 Preparation of Function Charts for Control Systems (eqv IEC 848:1988)
GB/T 7306.1~7306.2 Pipe Threads with 55 Degree Thread Angle Where Pressure-tight Joints Are Made on the Threads (GB/T 7306.1~7306.2-2000, eqv ISO7-1:1994)
GB/T 8163 Seamless Steel Tubes for Liquid Service (GB/T 8163-1999, neq ISO 559:1991)
GB/T 8923-1988 Rust Grades and Preparation Grades of Steel Surfaces Before Application of Paints and Related Products (eqv ISO 8501-1:1988)
GB/T 9112~9124 Steel Pipe Flanges (GB/T 9112~9124-2000, neq ISO 7005-1:1992)
GB/T 9443-1988 Methods of Liquid Penetrant Testing and Classification of Indication for Steel Castings
GB/T 9948 Seamless Steel Tubes for Petroleum Cracking
GB/T 11352 Carbon Steel Castings for General Engineering Purpose (GB/T 11352-1989, neq ISO 3755:1975)
GB/T 12716 Pipe Threads with the Thread Angle of 60 Degrees Where Pressure-tight Joints are Made on the Threads (GB/T 12716-2002, eqv ASME B 1.20.1; 1992)
GB/T 14976 Stainless Steel Seamless Tubes for Fluid Transport
GB/T 15386 Air-cooled Heat Exchanger
GB/T 17241
(all the parts) Cast Iron Pipe Flanges (GB/T 17241.1~17241.7-1998, neq ISO 7005-2:1988)
GB/Z 19414 Enclosed Gear Drives for Industrial Applications (GB/Z 19414-2003, ISO/TR 13593:1999, IDT)
GB 50235 Code for Construction and Acceptance of Industrial Metallic Piping
JB/T 2773 PN16.0~32.0 MPa Studs
JB/T 2774 PN16.0~32.0 Mpa Studs and Pore Dimensions
JB/T 2775 PN16.0~32.0 MPa Nuts
JB/T 4365-1997 Lubrication, Shaft Sealing and Control Oil Systems for Specific Services (eqv API Std 614-1992)
JB 4730 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Vessels
JB/T 5439 Ultrasonic Examination of Nodular Cast Iron Parts for Compressor
JB/T 5440 Ultrasonic Examination of Forged Steel Parts for Compressor
JB/T 5441 Ultrasonic Examination of Cast Steel Parts for Compressor
JB/T 5442 Magnetic Particle Examination of the Major Parts for Compressor
JB/T 6431 Grey Iron Castings for Volumetric Compressor
JB/T 6441 Safety Valves for Compressor
JB/T 6764 Specification for Steam Turbine for General Industrial Use
JB/T 6765 Specification for Steam Turbine for Special Industrial Use
JB/T 6908 Specification for Volumetric Compressor Forgings
JB/T 7912 General Purpose Screw Threads - Selected Sizes for Commercial Screws, Bolts and Nuts (JB/T 7912-1999, eqv ISO 262:1973)
JB/T 8466 Liquid Penetration Inspection Method for Steel Forgings
JB/T 9104 Specification for the Nodular Iron Castings of Volumetric Compressor
JB/T 9559 Flexible Coupling for Industrial Steam Turbine (JB/T 9559-1999, neq API 671-79)
Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology of Pressure Vessels
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Standard, the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1
acoustic simulation
process whereby the one-dimensional acoustic characteristics of fluids and the reciprocating compressor dynamic flow influence on these characteristics are modeled
Note: The model is mathematically based upon the governing differential equations (motion, continuity, etc.). The simulation should allow for determination of pressure/flow modulations at any point in the piping model resulting from any generalized compressor excitation (see 3.4 and 3.7).
3.2
active analysis
portion of the acoustic simulation in which the pressure pulsation amplitudes due to imposed compressor operation for the anticipated loading, speed range and state conditions are simulated (see 3.1)
3.3
alarm point
preset value of a parameter at which an alarm is actuated to warn of a condition that requires corrective action
3.4
analogue simulation
method using electrical components (inductances, capacitors, resistances and current supply devices) to achieve the acoustic simulation (see 3.1)
3.5
capacity
quantity of gas taken into the compressor at the specified inlet conditions, compressed and delivered at the specified discharge pressure
Note: The capacity of a compressor does not include any gas that leaks out of the compressor during the compression process nor any air that leaks into a compressor used as a vacuum pump.
3.6
combined rod load
algebraic sum of gas load and inertia force on the crosshead pin
Note: Gas load is the force resulting from differential gas pressure acting on the piston differential area. Inertia force is that force resulting from the acceleration of reciprocating mass. The inertia force with respect to the crosshead pin is the summation of the products of all reciprocating masses (piston and rod assembly, and crosshead assembly including pin) and their respective acceleration.
3.7
design
Contents of GB/T 20322-2006
Foreword i
Introduction ii
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Statutory Requirements
5 Basic Design
5.1 General
•5.2 Permissible Speeds
5.3 Permissible Discharge Temperature
5.4 Rod and Gas Loads
5.5 Critical Speeds
6 Compressor Components
6.1 Compressor Cylinders
6.2 Valves and Unloaders
6.3 Pistons, Piston Rods and Piston Rings
6.4 Crankcases, Crankshafts, Connecting Rods, Bearings and Crossheads
6.5 Distance Pieces
6.6 Packing Cases and Pressure Packing
6.7 Nameplates and Rotation Arrows
7 Materials
7.1 General
7.2 Pressure-containing Parts
7.3 Castings
7.4 Forgings
7.5 Fabricated Cylinders and Cylinder Heads
7.6 Repairs to Castings and Forgings
7.7 Welding
•7.8 Low Temperature Service
8 Lubrication
8.1 Compressor Frame Lubrication
8.2 Cylinder and Packing Lubrication
9 Accessories
9.1 Drivers
9.2 Couplings and Guards
9.3 Reduction Gears
9.4 Belt Drives
9.5 Mounting Plates
9.6 Intercoolers and Aftercoolers
9.7 Air Intake Filters
9.8 Special Tools
10 Controls and Instrumentation
10.1 General
10.2 Control Systems
10.3 Instrument and Control Panels
10.4 Instrumentation
10.5 Alarms and Shut-downs
10.6 Electrical Systems
10.7 Vibration and Position Detectors
11 Piping and Appurtenances
11.1 General
11.2 Frame Lubrication Oil Piping
11.3 Forced-feed Lubricator Tubing
11.4 Coolant Piping
11.5 Instrument Piping
11.6 Process Piping
12 Pulsation and Vibration Control
12.1 General
12.2 Design Approaches
12.3 Pulsation Suppression Devices
•12.4 Supports for Pulsation Suppression Devices
13 Inspection and Testing
13.1 General
13.2 Inspection
13.3 Testing
14 Preparation for Shipment
15 Vendor’s Data
15.1 General
15.2 Proposals
15.3 Contract Data
Appendix A (Informative) Data Sheets and Check-list
Appendix B (Informative) Required Capacity, Manufacturer's Rated Capacity and No Negative Tolerance
Appendix C (Informative) Piston rod and Runout
Appendix D (Informative) Repairs to Grey or Nodular Iron Castings
Appendix E (Informative) Examples of Typical Logic Diagram Showing Critical Functions
Appendix F (Informative) Vendor Drawing and Data Requirements
Appendix G (Informative) Figures and Schematics
Appendix H (Informative) Materials for Major Component Parts
Appendix I (Informative) Distance Piece Vent, Drain and Buffer Systems to Minimize Process Gas Leakage
Appendix J (Informative) Reciprocating Compressor Nomenclature
Appendix K (Informative) Inspector's Check-list
Appendix L (Informative) Typical Mounting Plate Arrangement
Appendix M (Informative) Pulsation and Vibration Control Studies
Appendix N (Informative) Guideline for Compressor Gas Piping Design and Preparation for an Acoustic Simulation Analysis
Appendix O (Informative) Guidelines for Sizing Low Pass Acoustic Filters
Appendix P (Informative) Compressor Components - Compliance with Resistant Hydrogen Sulfide Materials
Appendix Q (Informative) Alarm and Shut-down Systems
Appendix R (Informative) References and Bibliography of ISO 13707:2000
Appendix S (Informative) Technical Differences and the Reasons between this Part and ISO 13707:2000
