GB/T 45929-2025 Electric earth-moving machinery - Safety requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements for electric earth-moving machinery and describes the corresponding test methods.
This document is applicable to the manufacturing and inspection of electric earth-moving machinery with the maximum working voltage of the on-board drive system being class B or above.
This document is not applicable to fuel cell electric earth-moving machinery or electric earth-moving machinery operating in explosive atmospheres.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2406.2 Plastics - Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index - Part 2: Ambient-temperature test
GB/T 2408 Plastics - Determination of burning characteristics - Horizontal and vertical test
GB/T 4094.2 Electric vehicles - Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 8498 Earth-moving machinery - Basic types - Identification and vocabulary
GB/T 8593.1 Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 1: Common symbols
GB/T 8593.2 Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 2: Symbols for specific machines, equipment and accessories
GB 8624 Classification for burning behavior of building materials and products
GB 18384 Electric vehicles safety requirements
GB/T 19836 Instrumentation for electric vehicles
GB/T 20234.1 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 20234.2 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 2: AC charging coupler
GB/T 20234.3 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 3: DC charging coupler
GB/T 20234.4 Connection set of conductive charging for electric vehicles - Part 4: High power DC charging coupler
GB/T 22356 Earth-moving machinery - Key-locked starting systems
GB/T 22359.1 Earth-moving and building construction machinery - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of machines with internal electrical power supply - Part 1: General EMC requirements under typical electromagnetic environmental conditions
GB/T 25617 Earth-moving machinery - Visual display of machine operation
GB/T 25684 (All parts) Earth-moving machinery - Safety
GB/T 27930 Digital communication protocols between off-board conductive charger and electric vehicle
GB/T 38892 On-board driving video recording system
GB/T 38943 (All parts) Earth-moving machinery - Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems
GB/T 39720 Information security technology - Security technical requirements and test evaluation approaches for smart mobile terminal
GB/T 44254 Electric earth-moving machinery - Terminology
GB/T 44257.1 Traction battery of electric earth-moving machinery - Part 1: Safety requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 8498 and GB/T 44254 as well as the following apply.
3.1
external power supply equipment
external electrical energy storage device or power supply unit installed or placed externally to electric earth-moving machinery, which provides electrical energy to the machinery via cable-connected conductive components
Note: It is usually used for external power electric earth-moving machinery.
3.2
on board high voltage component
on board electrical components or parts with a maximum working voltage of Class B or above
3.3
on-board battery swap system
system composed of components related to the battery swap operation or function on the machine body
Note: It includes the swapping traction battery assembly, the battery swap connector, the battery swap mechanism and the parts connected with the machine body, as well as auxiliary electrical devices with functions such as position monitoring and alerts.
3.4
class B electric circuits
electrical components or circuits with a maximum working voltage greater than 30V (a.c.) (rms) and less than or equal to 1,000V (a.c.) (rms), or greater than 60V (d.c.) and less than or equal to 1,500V (d.c.)
[Source: GB/T 44254-2024, 3.4.1.2]
3.5
above class B electric circuits
electrical components or circuits with a maximum working voltage greater than 1,000V (a.c.) (rms) and less than or equal to 36,000V (a.c.) (rms), or greater than 1,500V (d.c.) and less than or equal to 36,000V (d.c.)
Note: For multi-class voltage electric circuits in conductive connection, if one electrode of the DC live component in the electric circuit is connected to the electric chassis, and the maximum voltage of any other live part relative to this electrode is not greater than 30V (a.c.)(rms) and 60V (d.c.), this conductive connected electric circuit does not completely belong to a class B electric circuit or an above class B electric circuit. Only the part operating at class B electric circuit is considered as a class B electric circuit, while the part operating at above class B electric circuit is considered as an above class B electric circuit.
4 Safety requirements
4.1 General safety requirements
The general safety of electric earth-moving machinery shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 25684 (all parts).
4.2 Indirect contact protection requirements
4.2.1 Insulation resistance requirements
At the maximum working voltage, the insulation resistance of a class B DC electric circuit shall not be less than 100Ω/V, and that of an AC circuit shall not be less than 500Ω/V. If the DC and AC circuits are conductively connected, the insulation resistance of the class B electric circuit shall not be less than 500Ω/V, and that of the above class B electric circuit shall not be less than 1MΩ.
4.2.2 Insulation resistance monitoring requirements
The electric earth-moving machinery shall be equipped with an insulation resistance monitoring function. When the power supply of the machine's power drive system is turned on, the monitoring device can continuously or intermittently detect the insulation resistance value of the machine. When the insulation resistance value is less than the threshold specified by the manufacturer, an obvious (e.g., acoustic or optical) signaling device shall be used to alert the operator, and the threshold specified by the manufacturer shall not be less than the requirements of 4.2.1.
4.3 Dust and water resistance requirements
4.3.1 Degree of protection of on board high voltage components
The degree-of-protection test for on board high voltage components shall be conducted in accordance with the test method specified in 5.2.1. The insulation resistance of the on board high voltage components shall meet the requirements of 4.2.1. The degree of protection of on board high voltage components shall not be lower than IP54. For on board high voltage components installed on the top of electric earth-moving machinery without any additional protective devices (excluding power receiving devices, bare overhead lines, etc.), the degree of protection shall not be lower than IP66. The degree of protection of the following on board high voltage components shall not be lower than IP67:
Contents
Foreword I
Introduction II
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety requirements
5 Test methods
Annex A (Informative) Flame retardant performance of insulating materials used in on board high voltage components
GB/T 45929-2025 Electric earth-moving machinery - Safety requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements for electric earth-moving machinery and describes the corresponding test methods.
This document is applicable to the manufacturing and inspection of electric earth-moving machinery with the maximum working voltage of the on-board drive system being class B or above.
This document is not applicable to fuel cell electric earth-moving machinery or electric earth-moving machinery operating in explosive atmospheres.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2406.2 Plastics - Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index - Part 2: Ambient-temperature test
GB/T 2408 Plastics - Determination of burning characteristics - Horizontal and vertical test
GB/T 4094.2 Electric vehicles - Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 8498 Earth-moving machinery - Basic types - Identification and vocabulary
GB/T 8593.1 Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 1: Common symbols
GB/T 8593.2 Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 2: Symbols for specific machines, equipment and accessories
GB 8624 Classification for burning behavior of building materials and products
GB 18384 Electric vehicles safety requirements
GB/T 19836 Instrumentation for electric vehicles
GB/T 20234.1 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 20234.2 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 2: AC charging coupler
GB/T 20234.3 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 3: DC charging coupler
GB/T 20234.4 Connection set of conductive charging for electric vehicles - Part 4: High power DC charging coupler
GB/T 22356 Earth-moving machinery - Key-locked starting systems
GB/T 22359.1 Earth-moving and building construction machinery - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of machines with internal electrical power supply - Part 1: General EMC requirements under typical electromagnetic environmental conditions
GB/T 25617 Earth-moving machinery - Visual display of machine operation
GB/T 25684 (All parts) Earth-moving machinery - Safety
GB/T 27930 Digital communication protocols between off-board conductive charger and electric vehicle
GB/T 38892 On-board driving video recording system
GB/T 38943 (All parts) Earth-moving machinery - Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems
GB/T 39720 Information security technology - Security technical requirements and test evaluation approaches for smart mobile terminal
GB/T 44254 Electric earth-moving machinery - Terminology
GB/T 44257.1 Traction battery of electric earth-moving machinery - Part 1: Safety requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 8498 and GB/T 44254 as well as the following apply.
3.1
external power supply equipment
external electrical energy storage device or power supply unit installed or placed externally to electric earth-moving machinery, which provides electrical energy to the machinery via cable-connected conductive components
Note: It is usually used for external power electric earth-moving machinery.
3.2
on board high voltage component
on board electrical components or parts with a maximum working voltage of Class B or above
3.3
on-board battery swap system
system composed of components related to the battery swap operation or function on the machine body
Note: It includes the swapping traction battery assembly, the battery swap connector, the battery swap mechanism and the parts connected with the machine body, as well as auxiliary electrical devices with functions such as position monitoring and alerts.
3.4
class B electric circuits
electrical components or circuits with a maximum working voltage greater than 30V (a.c.) (rms) and less than or equal to 1,000V (a.c.) (rms), or greater than 60V (d.c.) and less than or equal to 1,500V (d.c.)
[Source: GB/T 44254-2024, 3.4.1.2]
3.5
above class B electric circuits
electrical components or circuits with a maximum working voltage greater than 1,000V (a.c.) (rms) and less than or equal to 36,000V (a.c.) (rms), or greater than 1,500V (d.c.) and less than or equal to 36,000V (d.c.)
Note: For multi-class voltage electric circuits in conductive connection, if one electrode of the DC live component in the electric circuit is connected to the electric chassis, and the maximum voltage of any other live part relative to this electrode is not greater than 30V (a.c.)(rms) and 60V (d.c.), this conductive connected electric circuit does not completely belong to a class B electric circuit or an above class B electric circuit. Only the part operating at class B electric circuit is considered as a class B electric circuit, while the part operating at above class B electric circuit is considered as an above class B electric circuit.
4 Safety requirements
4.1 General safety requirements
The general safety of electric earth-moving machinery shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 25684 (all parts).
4.2 Indirect contact protection requirements
4.2.1 Insulation resistance requirements
At the maximum working voltage, the insulation resistance of a class B DC electric circuit shall not be less than 100Ω/V, and that of an AC circuit shall not be less than 500Ω/V. If the DC and AC circuits are conductively connected, the insulation resistance of the class B electric circuit shall not be less than 500Ω/V, and that of the above class B electric circuit shall not be less than 1MΩ.
4.2.2 Insulation resistance monitoring requirements
The electric earth-moving machinery shall be equipped with an insulation resistance monitoring function. When the power supply of the machine's power drive system is turned on, the monitoring device can continuously or intermittently detect the insulation resistance value of the machine. When the insulation resistance value is less than the threshold specified by the manufacturer, an obvious (e.g., acoustic or optical) signaling device shall be used to alert the operator, and the threshold specified by the manufacturer shall not be less than the requirements of 4.2.1.
4.3 Dust and water resistance requirements
4.3.1 Degree of protection of on board high voltage components
The degree-of-protection test for on board high voltage components shall be conducted in accordance with the test method specified in 5.2.1. The insulation resistance of the on board high voltage components shall meet the requirements of 4.2.1. The degree of protection of on board high voltage components shall not be lower than IP54. For on board high voltage components installed on the top of electric earth-moving machinery without any additional protective devices (excluding power receiving devices, bare overhead lines, etc.), the degree of protection shall not be lower than IP66. The degree of protection of the following on board high voltage components shall not be lower than IP67:
Contents of GB/T 45929-2025
Contents
Foreword I
Introduction II
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety requirements
5 Test methods
Annex A (Informative) Flame retardant performance of insulating materials used in on board high voltage components
