Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
SL 265-2001 Design Specifications for Sluices is revised according to the arrangement of formulation and revision plan of standards in water conservancy industry and the requirements of SL 1-2014 Specification for the Drafting of Technical Standards of Water Resources, meanwhile, SL 170-96 Desire Specification for Sluice Project Management which has been revised is incorporated in this standard according to the requirements of The System Table of Water Technical Standard.
This Specification contains 10 chapters and 9 annexes, with the main contents as follows:
——Sluice site selection;
——General layout
——Hydraulic design;
——Seepage prevention and drainage design;
——Structure design;
——Subgrade calculation and treatment design;
——Reinforcement and renovation design;
——Project management design.
The main contents revised this time are as follows:
——The Chapter 2 (Sluice Grading and Flood Criteria) in previous edition is deleted;
——The Chapter 2 "Terms" is added;
——The Chapter 9 (Observation Design) in previous edition is deleted;
——The Chapter 9 "Reinforcement and Renovation Design" is added;
——The Chapter 10 "Project Management Design" is added;
——The contents in the aspect of site selection of relevant sluice are modified, and the requirements of frozen earth, ice condition and active fault zone avoiding are added;
——The hydroproject layout of relevant sluice is modified, and the requirements of guide wall, debris-discharging sluice hole arrangement and ecological environment are added, and the requirements of logarithmic lock hole are cancelled;
——The contents in the aspect of design and calculation of seepage prevention and energy dissipation & erosion control facilities of relevant sluice are modified (the requirements of energy dissipation by undercutting of natural riverbed are added, and the requirements of hydraulic model, energy dissipator arrangement, etc. are modified);
——The contents of structure design of relevant sluice are modified, and Section 7.6 "Structure Seismic Design and Measures" is added;
——The contents of subgrade treatment design, etc. are modified (the contents of subgrade treatment method, etc. are added).
In this Specification, 4.2.4, 4.2.5, 7.3.13 and 7.3.14 are compulsory, marked in boldface and must be implemented strictly.
The previous editions replaced by this Specification are as follows:
——SD 133-84
——SL 170-96
——SL 265-2001
This Specification is approved by: the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China
The host institution of this Specification: the Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design of the Ministry of Water Resources
Explaining organization of this Specification: the Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design of the Ministry of Water Resources
Publishing and issuing organization of this Specification: China Water Power Press
Review conference technical director of this Specification: Liu Zhiming and Lu Zhongmin
Stylistic rules and layout format examiner of this Specification: Wang Qingming
During the process of implementing this Specification, all relevant organizations are kindly requested to sum up experiences, accumulate information, and feed back at any time the relevant opinions and advices to Department of International Cooperation, Science and Technology (correspondence address: No.2, 2nd lane, Baiguang Road, Xicheng District, Beijing; post code: 100053; Tel: 010-63204533; E-mail: bzh@mwr.gov.cn) for future reference in revision.
Design Specifications for Sluices
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This Specification is developed with a view to unifying the design criteria and technical requirements of sluice, improving sluice design level, and realizing the purpose of advanced technology, safety and reliability, economic rationality, practicability and durability, management convenience and environment harmony.
1.0.2 This Specification is applicable to newly constructed, extended reinforced and renovated large-sized and medium-sized sluice design, and it may apply by making reference for small-sized sluice design; special study shall be carried out for the design of large-sized sluices with complicated technique.
1.0.3 Sluice project rank, structure grade and flood criteria, design service life and durability requirement as well as safety monitoring design shall meet those specified in SL 252 Standard for Classification and Flood Control of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Project, SL 654 Specification for Rational Utilization Period and Durability Design of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Project and SL 725 Design Specification for Safety Monitoring in Water and Hydropower Projects respectively.
1.0.4 Various basic information shall be carefully collected and processed for sluice design; the selected basic information shall be accurate and reliable, and meet the design requirements.
1.0.5 As for sluice design, it is necessary to proceed from reality, extensively gain engineering practice experience, carry out necessary scientific experiment and actively and advisedly adopt new construction, new technique, new material and new equipment.
1.0.6 For the purpose of this Specification, the following standards are mainly cited:
GB 50007 Code for Design of Building Foundation
GB/T 50290 Technical Standard for Applications of Geosynthetics
GB 50487 Code for Engineering Geological Invcstigation of Water Resources and Hydropower
GB 50706 Code for Design of Occupational Safety and Health of Water Resources and Hydropower Projects
SL 41 Design Code for Gate Hoist in Water Resources and Hydropower Projects
SL 72 Regulation for Economic Evaluation of Water Conservancy Construction Projects
SL 74 Hydraulic and Hydroelectric Engineering Specification for Design of Steel Gate
SL 191 Design Code for Hydraulic Concrete Structures
SL 203 Specifications for Seismic Design of Hydraulic Structures
SL 252 Standard for Classification and Flood Control of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Project
SL 253 Design Code for Spillway
SL 264 Specifications for Rock Tests in Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Engineering
SL 319 Design Specification for Concrete Gravity Dams
SL 379 Design Specification for Hydraulic Retaining Wall
SL 609 Guideline for Fishway in Water Conservancy and Hydropower Project
SL 654 Specification for Rational Utilization Period and Durability Design of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Project
SL 725 Design Specification for Safety Monitoring in Water and Hydropower Projects
DL/T 5207 Technical Specification for Abrasion and Cavitation Resistance of Concrete in Hydraulic Structures
JGJ 79 Technical Code for Ground Treatment of Buildings
JTG B01 Technical Standard of Highway Engineering
1.0.7 Sluice design shall comply with not only the requirements of this Specification but also those in the current relevant ones of the nation.
2 Terms
2.0.1
sluice sill elevation
elevation of weir crest of sluice chamber where water flowing through, which refers to the base plate top elevation in case of flat base plate
2.0.2
gate opening
ratio of discharge section height below gate bottom to water depth of discharge section above sluice sill top when the gate is opened, also called relative opening
2.0.3
retaining wall
structure on both sides of sluice chamber which is capable of retaining soil, reducing load on horizontal edge and extending lateral seepage prevention length
2.0.4
wing wall
structures arranged on upstream and downstream of both sides of sluice used for guiding, adjusting water flow and retaining soil, which are generally symmetrically arranged on both sides in wing shape
2.0.5
key wall
strip structure arranged below the base plates of such structures as sluice chamber, wing wall, retaining wall, etc. used for improving the stability against sliding of structure and seepage condition
2.0.6
cutoff buttress
wall-shaped structure arranged behind and connected to wing wall or retaining wall so as to improve lateral seepage condition
2.0.7
anti-scouring key wall
strip anti-scouring structure adopted in case the calculated scour depth at upstream apron front end or downstream apron tail end of sluice is small
2.0.8
anti-sliding plate
supplemental anti-sliding stability safety measures of using reinforced concrete for covering or arranging reinforced concrete planker structure
2.0.9
boundary load
filling soil or other additional load causing deformation of sluice subgrades on both sides of sluice chamber
3 Sluice Site Selection
3.0.1 Sluice site shall be selected according to sluice function, characteristic and application requirements, taking comprehensive consideration of such factors as landform, geology, water flow, tide, erosion and deposition, frozen earth, ice condition, submerge, land requisition and resettlement, environment, construction, management etc. and through technical and economical comparison.
3.0.2 As for sluice site, active fault zone should be avoided, and site in open terrain with stable bank slope, solid rock-soil and low groundwater level shall be selected; natural subgrade with good geological conditions should be selected as sluice site, and manually treated subgrade shall be adopted through technical and economical comparison.
3.0.3 As for regulating sluice or flood diversion sluice, its site should be selected at the river stretch with straight riverway and relatively stable river regime, and may also be selected on newly opened riverway which is at straight part of curved river stretch through technical and economical comparison; if lateral water inlet is inevitable when selecting sluice site, lateral flow-guiding facility should be arranged.
3.0.4 As for water intake sluice, diversion sluice or flood diversion sluice, its site should be selected straight reach with the river bank basically stable or the slightly downstream place of concave bank apex of curve river stretch; the site of flood diversion sluice should not be selected at dangerous dam segment or downstream dam segment of protected important town.
3.0.5 As for drainage sluice or discharging sluice (waste sluice), its site should be selected at low place with unblocked water outlet; the site of drainage sluice should be selected on the old dam line close to main waterlogging area and drainage receiver.
3.0.6 The site of tidal sluice should be selected at where is nearby tidal estuary with stable bank line and bank slope, with small erosion and deposition at thalweg and flood land as well as sufficient water storage capacity on upstream riverway.
3.0.7 As for the sluice constructed on downstream riverway of multi-branch confluent port, there should be certain distance between its site and confluent port.
3.0.8 As for sluice constructed nearby the estuary intersection in plain area with river network, its site should be far away from the estuary intersection.
3.0.9 As for sluice constructed nearby railway bridge or high-grade highway bridge, the distance between its site and railway bridge or high-grade highway bridge should not be too small; if sluice is to be constructed in conjunction with ordinary highway bridge, analysis and demonstration shall be carried out.
3.0.10 Land requisition and resettlement scheme for sluice site shall be so selected that the lands to be requisited and the houses to be relocated are less and it facilitates resettlement and social stability.
3.0.11 Sluice site selection shall facilitate ecological environment protection and beautification.
3.0.12 As for sluice site selection, material source, external traffic, construction diversion, site layout, building pit drainage, water and electricity supply for construction as well as project management maintenance and flood fighting should be taken into consideration.
4 General Layout
4.1 Hydroproject Layout
4.1.1 Sluice hydroproject layout shall be determined according to sluice site terrain, geology, water flow, etc. as well as function, characteristic, construction and application requirements of various structures so that the layout is compact and reasonable, harmonious and aesthetic and the overall efficiency of organic combo composed is maximum.
4.1.2 Axial line of regulating sluice or flood diversion sluice should be orthogonal to riverway center line, with the length of straight segments at the upstream and downstream riverways not less than 5 times the width of water surface at sluice inlet; if it is difficult to meet the above-mentioned requirements, guide wall (pier) should be arranged; flood diversion sluice at curved river stretch should be arranged at thalweg part of riverway.
4.1.3 Intersection angle of center line of water intake sluice or diversion sluice and that of riverway (channel) should be less than 30°, and the upstream bypass channel should not be overlong. The intersection angle of center line of water intake sluice or diversion sluice located on sediment-laden river and that of riverway (channel) may be properly increased. In case of dam for water diversion on the sediment-laden river, such angle should be 70° ~ 75°. Water intake sluice or diversion sluice located at curved river stretch (channel reach) should be arranged on bank side close to thalweg of riverway (channel). The center line of flood diversion sluice should be over against the riverway mainstream direction.
4.1.4 The intersection angle of center line of drainage sluice or discharging sluice and that of riverway (channel) should be less than 60°, the downstream bypass channel should be short and straight, and the axis direction of bypass channel should not be in the direction of the strong wind all year round.
4.1.5 Forward inlet arrangement should be adopted for the sluice with wide upstream water surface; in case of non-forward inlet, water-guiding dam (wall) with certain length may be arranged.
4.1.6 Navigation lock, pump station or hydropower station in sluice hydroproject should be arranged close to the bank, while the navigation lock should not arranged on the same bank as pump station or hydropower station; the relative position of navigation lock, pump station or hydropower station and sluice shall meet the requirements that sluice discharging is unblocked and various structures operate safely.
4.1.7 As for sluice hydroproject on sediment-laden river, scouring sluice or flood discharging scouring sluice shall be arranged at adjacent position of water intake sluice inlet or water intake of other water intake structure, and corresponding sediment retaining or desilting measures may be adopted, if necessary.
4.1.8 Debris- (ice-) discharging holes should be arranged for sluice hydroproject with debris- (ice-) discharging requirements, and such holes shall be arranged close to water intake sluice inlet or water intake of other water intake structure or on one or two sides of the riverway with many floating matters.
4.1.9 As for sluice with requirements for discharging water used for ecology and landscape, measures for safely discharging corresponding flow quantity shall be considered for the hydroproject layout.
4.1.10 As for sluice with navigation requirements whose upstream and downstream water is in calm state in much of time, navigation bore whose position is determined according to the principle of safely passing through and conveniently managing may be arranged, while the navigation bore should not immediately close to pump station or hydropower station; anti-collision facilities should be arranged and navigation safety signs shall be set for the sluice with navigation bore arranged.
4.1.11 As for sluice with the requirements of fish pass, fishway may be arranged by combining the arrangement of retaining wall and wing wall; fishway inlet and outlet positions shall meet the requirements of SL 609.
4.1.12 As for sluice with upstream residual water and power generation condition, small-sized hydroelectric generating set may be arranged by combining the arrangement of retaining wall and wing wall or mobile power generation system may be arranged in side sluice hole.
4.1.13 Sluice hydroproject layout may be determined through water flow regime analysis and research carried out by adopting the mathematical simulation method. Layout of large-sized sluice hydroproject with complicated water flow regime shall be verified through hydraulic model test. The scope of mathematical simulation or hydraulic model test shall include the river stretch where erosion and deposition possibly generate and flow regime is complicated.
4.1.14 If large-sized sluice is constructed on single river and may be extended in future, site for subsequent work layout should be reserved, condition for eliminating potential danger and reinforcement in future shall be provided.
4.2 Sluice Chamber Layout
4.2.1 Sluice chamber layout shall be determined according to sluice water retaining and discharge condition as well as operating requirements and by combining such factors as landform and geology so that the structure is safe and reliable, the layout is compacted and reasonable, the construction is convenient, the application is flexible and the sluice chamber is financial and aesthetic.
4.2.2 Sluice chamber structure of open type, breast wall type, culvert type or double layer type shall be selected according to discharge characteristics and operating requirements. The gravity center of the entire sluice chamber structure shall be close to the center of the sluice chamber base plate and slightly close to the side with high water level. Sluice chamber structure type should be selected according to the following principles:
1 Open type may be adopted for sluice with high sluice sill elevation and small water retaining height, and open type may also be adopted for flood discharge sluice or flood diversion sluice; open type should be adopted for sluice with debris-discharging, ice removal or navigation requirements.
2 Breast wall type or culvert type may be adopted for sluice with low sluice sill elevation and large water retaining height; breast wall type or culvert type may also be adopted for sluice with water level for water retaining higher than that for discharging or with large water-level amplitude on it and with requirements for limiting unit flow passing it.
3 Double layer type may be adopted for sluice with surface layer overflow and bottom layer discharge; double layer type may also be adopted if the sluice chamber structure bears load or it is necessary for gate layout.
4.2.3 Integral type or separate type should be selected for open type and breast wall type sluice chamber structure according to subgrade conditions and load-carrying conditions; separate type should not be adopted for culvert type and double layer type sluice chamber structure.
4.2.4 Calculated elevation of sluice top shall be determined according to the application conditions for water retaining and discharging. During water retaining, the sluice top elevation shall not be lower than sluice normal storage water level or sum of the highest water retaining level plus wave calculated height and corresponding safe height; during discharging, sluice top elevation shall not be lower than design flood level or sum of the check flood level and corresponding safe height. Lower limit value of sluice safe height shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 4.2.4.
Foreword ii
1 General Provisions
2 Terms
3 Sluice Site Selection
4 General Layout
4.1 Hydroproject Layout
4.2 Sluice Chamber Layout
4.3 Arrangement for Seepage Prevention and Drainage
4.4 Energy Dissipation and Anti-scouring Layout
4.5 Bank-connection Layout
5 Hydraulic Design
6 Seepage Prevention and Drainage Design
7 Structure Design
7.1 General
7.2 Load Calculation and Its Combination
7.3 Sluice Chamber Stability Calculation
7.4 Stability Calculation of Retaining Wall and Wing Wall
7.5 Structural Stress Analysis
7.6 Structure Seismic Design and Measures
8 Subgrade Calculation and Treatment Design
8.1 General
8.2 Subgrade Overall Stability Calculation
8.3 Subgrade Settlement Calculation
8.4 Subgrade Treatment Design
9 Reinforcement and Renovation Design
10 Engineering Management Design
10.1 General
10.2 Management Scope and Protection Scope
10.3 Dispatching and Application
10.4 Management Facilities
10.5 Communication and Management Automation
10.6 Annual Operation Management Expenses of the Engineering
Annex A Calculation for Total Clear Width of the Sluice Holes
Annex B Calculation for Energy Dissipation and Anti-scouring
Annex C Calculation for Seepage Pressure
Annex D Soil Pressure Calculation
Annex E Wave Pressure Calculation
Annex F Rock and Soil Classification
Annex G Division of Soil Subgrade
Annex H Calculation of the Permissible Bearing Capacity for the Subgrade
Annex I Calculation of Foundation Additional Stress
Explanation of Wording in this Specification
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
SL 265-2001 Design Specifications for Sluices is revised according to the arrangement of formulation and revision plan of standards in water conservancy industry and the requirements of SL 1-2014 Specification for the Drafting of Technical Standards of Water Resources, meanwhile, SL 170-96 Desire Specification for Sluice Project Management which has been revised is incorporated in this standard according to the requirements of The System Table of Water Technical Standard.
This Specification contains 10 chapters and 9 annexes, with the main contents as follows:
——Sluice site selection;
——General layout
——Hydraulic design;
——Seepage prevention and drainage design;
——Structure design;
——Subgrade calculation and treatment design;
——Reinforcement and renovation design;
——Project management design.
The main contents revised this time are as follows:
——The Chapter 2 (Sluice Grading and Flood Criteria) in previous edition is deleted;
——The Chapter 2 "Terms" is added;
——The Chapter 9 (Observation Design) in previous edition is deleted;
——The Chapter 9 "Reinforcement and Renovation Design" is added;
——The Chapter 10 "Project Management Design" is added;
——The contents in the aspect of site selection of relevant sluice are modified, and the requirements of frozen earth, ice condition and active fault zone avoiding are added;
——The hydroproject layout of relevant sluice is modified, and the requirements of guide wall, debris-discharging sluice hole arrangement and ecological environment are added, and the requirements of logarithmic lock hole are cancelled;
——The contents in the aspect of design and calculation of seepage prevention and energy dissipation & erosion control facilities of relevant sluice are modified (the requirements of energy dissipation by undercutting of natural riverbed are added, and the requirements of hydraulic model, energy dissipator arrangement, etc. are modified);
——The contents of structure design of relevant sluice are modified, and Section 7.6 "Structure Seismic Design and Measures" is added;
——The contents of subgrade treatment design, etc. are modified (the contents of subgrade treatment method, etc. are added).
In this Specification, 4.2.4, 4.2.5, 7.3.13 and 7.3.14 are compulsory, marked in boldface and must be implemented strictly.
The previous editions replaced by this Specification are as follows:
——SD 133-84
——SL 170-96
——SL 265-2001
This Specification is approved by: the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China
The host institution of this Specification: the Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design of the Ministry of Water Resources
Explaining organization of this Specification: the Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design of the Ministry of Water Resources
Publishing and issuing organization of this Specification: China Water Power Press
Review conference technical director of this Specification: Liu Zhiming and Lu Zhongmin
Stylistic rules and layout format examiner of this Specification: Wang Qingming
During the process of implementing this Specification, all relevant organizations are kindly requested to sum up experiences, accumulate information, and feed back at any time the relevant opinions and advices to Department of International Cooperation, Science and Technology (correspondence address: No.2, 2nd lane, Baiguang Road, Xicheng District, Beijing; post code: 100053; Tel: 010-63204533; E-mail: bzh@mwr.gov.cn) for future reference in revision.
Design Specifications for Sluices
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This Specification is developed with a view to unifying the design criteria and technical requirements of sluice, improving sluice design level, and realizing the purpose of advanced technology, safety and reliability, economic rationality, practicability and durability, management convenience and environment harmony.
1.0.2 This Specification is applicable to newly constructed, extended reinforced and renovated large-sized and medium-sized sluice design, and it may apply by making reference for small-sized sluice design; special study shall be carried out for the design of large-sized sluices with complicated technique.
1.0.3 Sluice project rank, structure grade and flood criteria, design service life and durability requirement as well as safety monitoring design shall meet those specified in SL 252 Standard for Classification and Flood Control of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Project, SL 654 Specification for Rational Utilization Period and Durability Design of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Project and SL 725 Design Specification for Safety Monitoring in Water and Hydropower Projects respectively.
1.0.4 Various basic information shall be carefully collected and processed for sluice design; the selected basic information shall be accurate and reliable, and meet the design requirements.
1.0.5 As for sluice design, it is necessary to proceed from reality, extensively gain engineering practice experience, carry out necessary scientific experiment and actively and advisedly adopt new construction, new technique, new material and new equipment.
1.0.6 For the purpose of this Specification, the following standards are mainly cited:
GB 50007 Code for Design of Building Foundation
GB/T 50290 Technical Standard for Applications of Geosynthetics
GB 50487 Code for Engineering Geological Invcstigation of Water Resources and Hydropower
GB 50706 Code for Design of Occupational Safety and Health of Water Resources and Hydropower Projects
SL 41 Design Code for Gate Hoist in Water Resources and Hydropower Projects
SL 72 Regulation for Economic Evaluation of Water Conservancy Construction Projects
SL 74 Hydraulic and Hydroelectric Engineering Specification for Design of Steel Gate
SL 191 Design Code for Hydraulic Concrete Structures
SL 203 Specifications for Seismic Design of Hydraulic Structures
SL 252 Standard for Classification and Flood Control of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Project
SL 253 Design Code for Spillway
SL 264 Specifications for Rock Tests in Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Engineering
SL 319 Design Specification for Concrete Gravity Dams
SL 379 Design Specification for Hydraulic Retaining Wall
SL 609 Guideline for Fishway in Water Conservancy and Hydropower Project
SL 654 Specification for Rational Utilization Period and Durability Design of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Project
SL 725 Design Specification for Safety Monitoring in Water and Hydropower Projects
DL/T 5207 Technical Specification for Abrasion and Cavitation Resistance of Concrete in Hydraulic Structures
JGJ 79 Technical Code for Ground Treatment of Buildings
JTG B01 Technical Standard of Highway Engineering
1.0.7 Sluice design shall comply with not only the requirements of this Specification but also those in the current relevant ones of the nation.
2 Terms
2.0.1
sluice sill elevation
elevation of weir crest of sluice chamber where water flowing through, which refers to the base plate top elevation in case of flat base plate
2.0.2
gate opening
ratio of discharge section height below gate bottom to water depth of discharge section above sluice sill top when the gate is opened, also called relative opening
2.0.3
retaining wall
structure on both sides of sluice chamber which is capable of retaining soil, reducing load on horizontal edge and extending lateral seepage prevention length
2.0.4
wing wall
structures arranged on upstream and downstream of both sides of sluice used for guiding, adjusting water flow and retaining soil, which are generally symmetrically arranged on both sides in wing shape
2.0.5
key wall
strip structure arranged below the base plates of such structures as sluice chamber, wing wall, retaining wall, etc. used for improving the stability against sliding of structure and seepage condition
2.0.6
cutoff buttress
wall-shaped structure arranged behind and connected to wing wall or retaining wall so as to improve lateral seepage condition
2.0.7
anti-scouring key wall
strip anti-scouring structure adopted in case the calculated scour depth at upstream apron front end or downstream apron tail end of sluice is small
2.0.8
anti-sliding plate
supplemental anti-sliding stability safety measures of using reinforced concrete for covering or arranging reinforced concrete planker structure
2.0.9
boundary load
filling soil or other additional load causing deformation of sluice subgrades on both sides of sluice chamber
3 Sluice Site Selection
3.0.1 Sluice site shall be selected according to sluice function, characteristic and application requirements, taking comprehensive consideration of such factors as landform, geology, water flow, tide, erosion and deposition, frozen earth, ice condition, submerge, land requisition and resettlement, environment, construction, management etc. and through technical and economical comparison.
3.0.2 As for sluice site, active fault zone should be avoided, and site in open terrain with stable bank slope, solid rock-soil and low groundwater level shall be selected; natural subgrade with good geological conditions should be selected as sluice site, and manually treated subgrade shall be adopted through technical and economical comparison.
3.0.3 As for regulating sluice or flood diversion sluice, its site should be selected at the river stretch with straight riverway and relatively stable river regime, and may also be selected on newly opened riverway which is at straight part of curved river stretch through technical and economical comparison; if lateral water inlet is inevitable when selecting sluice site, lateral flow-guiding facility should be arranged.
3.0.4 As for water intake sluice, diversion sluice or flood diversion sluice, its site should be selected straight reach with the river bank basically stable or the slightly downstream place of concave bank apex of curve river stretch; the site of flood diversion sluice should not be selected at dangerous dam segment or downstream dam segment of protected important town.
3.0.5 As for drainage sluice or discharging sluice (waste sluice), its site should be selected at low place with unblocked water outlet; the site of drainage sluice should be selected on the old dam line close to main waterlogging area and drainage receiver.
3.0.6 The site of tidal sluice should be selected at where is nearby tidal estuary with stable bank line and bank slope, with small erosion and deposition at thalweg and flood land as well as sufficient water storage capacity on upstream riverway.
3.0.7 As for the sluice constructed on downstream riverway of multi-branch confluent port, there should be certain distance between its site and confluent port.
3.0.8 As for sluice constructed nearby the estuary intersection in plain area with river network, its site should be far away from the estuary intersection.
3.0.9 As for sluice constructed nearby railway bridge or high-grade highway bridge, the distance between its site and railway bridge or high-grade highway bridge should not be too small; if sluice is to be constructed in conjunction with ordinary highway bridge, analysis and demonstration shall be carried out.
3.0.10 Land requisition and resettlement scheme for sluice site shall be so selected that the lands to be requisited and the houses to be relocated are less and it facilitates resettlement and social stability.
3.0.11 Sluice site selection shall facilitate ecological environment protection and beautification.
3.0.12 As for sluice site selection, material source, external traffic, construction diversion, site layout, building pit drainage, water and electricity supply for construction as well as project management maintenance and flood fighting should be taken into consideration.
4 General Layout
4.1 Hydroproject Layout
4.1.1 Sluice hydroproject layout shall be determined according to sluice site terrain, geology, water flow, etc. as well as function, characteristic, construction and application requirements of various structures so that the layout is compact and reasonable, harmonious and aesthetic and the overall efficiency of organic combo composed is maximum.
4.1.2 Axial line of regulating sluice or flood diversion sluice should be orthogonal to riverway center line, with the length of straight segments at the upstream and downstream riverways not less than 5 times the width of water surface at sluice inlet; if it is difficult to meet the above-mentioned requirements, guide wall (pier) should be arranged; flood diversion sluice at curved river stretch should be arranged at thalweg part of riverway.
4.1.3 Intersection angle of center line of water intake sluice or diversion sluice and that of riverway (channel) should be less than 30°, and the upstream bypass channel should not be overlong. The intersection angle of center line of water intake sluice or diversion sluice located on sediment-laden river and that of riverway (channel) may be properly increased. In case of dam for water diversion on the sediment-laden river, such angle should be 70° ~ 75°. Water intake sluice or diversion sluice located at curved river stretch (channel reach) should be arranged on bank side close to thalweg of riverway (channel). The center line of flood diversion sluice should be over against the riverway mainstream direction.
4.1.4 The intersection angle of center line of drainage sluice or discharging sluice and that of riverway (channel) should be less than 60°, the downstream bypass channel should be short and straight, and the axis direction of bypass channel should not be in the direction of the strong wind all year round.
4.1.5 Forward inlet arrangement should be adopted for the sluice with wide upstream water surface; in case of non-forward inlet, water-guiding dam (wall) with certain length may be arranged.
4.1.6 Navigation lock, pump station or hydropower station in sluice hydroproject should be arranged close to the bank, while the navigation lock should not arranged on the same bank as pump station or hydropower station; the relative position of navigation lock, pump station or hydropower station and sluice shall meet the requirements that sluice discharging is unblocked and various structures operate safely.
4.1.7 As for sluice hydroproject on sediment-laden river, scouring sluice or flood discharging scouring sluice shall be arranged at adjacent position of water intake sluice inlet or water intake of other water intake structure, and corresponding sediment retaining or desilting measures may be adopted, if necessary.
4.1.8 Debris- (ice-) discharging holes should be arranged for sluice hydroproject with debris- (ice-) discharging requirements, and such holes shall be arranged close to water intake sluice inlet or water intake of other water intake structure or on one or two sides of the riverway with many floating matters.
4.1.9 As for sluice with requirements for discharging water used for ecology and landscape, measures for safely discharging corresponding flow quantity shall be considered for the hydroproject layout.
4.1.10 As for sluice with navigation requirements whose upstream and downstream water is in calm state in much of time, navigation bore whose position is determined according to the principle of safely passing through and conveniently managing may be arranged, while the navigation bore should not immediately close to pump station or hydropower station; anti-collision facilities should be arranged and navigation safety signs shall be set for the sluice with navigation bore arranged.
4.1.11 As for sluice with the requirements of fish pass, fishway may be arranged by combining the arrangement of retaining wall and wing wall; fishway inlet and outlet positions shall meet the requirements of SL 609.
4.1.12 As for sluice with upstream residual water and power generation condition, small-sized hydroelectric generating set may be arranged by combining the arrangement of retaining wall and wing wall or mobile power generation system may be arranged in side sluice hole.
4.1.13 Sluice hydroproject layout may be determined through water flow regime analysis and research carried out by adopting the mathematical simulation method. Layout of large-sized sluice hydroproject with complicated water flow regime shall be verified through hydraulic model test. The scope of mathematical simulation or hydraulic model test shall include the river stretch where erosion and deposition possibly generate and flow regime is complicated.
4.1.14 If large-sized sluice is constructed on single river and may be extended in future, site for subsequent work layout should be reserved, condition for eliminating potential danger and reinforcement in future shall be provided.
4.2 Sluice Chamber Layout
4.2.1 Sluice chamber layout shall be determined according to sluice water retaining and discharge condition as well as operating requirements and by combining such factors as landform and geology so that the structure is safe and reliable, the layout is compacted and reasonable, the construction is convenient, the application is flexible and the sluice chamber is financial and aesthetic.
4.2.2 Sluice chamber structure of open type, breast wall type, culvert type or double layer type shall be selected according to discharge characteristics and operating requirements. The gravity center of the entire sluice chamber structure shall be close to the center of the sluice chamber base plate and slightly close to the side with high water level. Sluice chamber structure type should be selected according to the following principles:
1 Open type may be adopted for sluice with high sluice sill elevation and small water retaining height, and open type may also be adopted for flood discharge sluice or flood diversion sluice; open type should be adopted for sluice with debris-discharging, ice removal or navigation requirements.
2 Breast wall type or culvert type may be adopted for sluice with low sluice sill elevation and large water retaining height; breast wall type or culvert type may also be adopted for sluice with water level for water retaining higher than that for discharging or with large water-level amplitude on it and with requirements for limiting unit flow passing it.
3 Double layer type may be adopted for sluice with surface layer overflow and bottom layer discharge; double layer type may also be adopted if the sluice chamber structure bears load or it is necessary for gate layout.
4.2.3 Integral type or separate type should be selected for open type and breast wall type sluice chamber structure according to subgrade conditions and load-carrying conditions; separate type should not be adopted for culvert type and double layer type sluice chamber structure.
4.2.4 Calculated elevation of sluice top shall be determined according to the application conditions for water retaining and discharging. During water retaining, the sluice top elevation shall not be lower than sluice normal storage water level or sum of the highest water retaining level plus wave calculated height and corresponding safe height; during discharging, sluice top elevation shall not be lower than design flood level or sum of the check flood level and corresponding safe height. Lower limit value of sluice safe height shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 4.2.4.
Contents of SL 265-2016
Foreword ii
1 General Provisions
2 Terms
3 Sluice Site Selection
4 General Layout
4.1 Hydroproject Layout
4.2 Sluice Chamber Layout
4.3 Arrangement for Seepage Prevention and Drainage
4.4 Energy Dissipation and Anti-scouring Layout
4.5 Bank-connection Layout
5 Hydraulic Design
6 Seepage Prevention and Drainage Design
7 Structure Design
7.1 General
7.2 Load Calculation and Its Combination
7.3 Sluice Chamber Stability Calculation
7.4 Stability Calculation of Retaining Wall and Wing Wall
7.5 Structural Stress Analysis
7.6 Structure Seismic Design and Measures
8 Subgrade Calculation and Treatment Design
8.1 General
8.2 Subgrade Overall Stability Calculation
8.3 Subgrade Settlement Calculation
8.4 Subgrade Treatment Design
9 Reinforcement and Renovation Design
10 Engineering Management Design
10.1 General
10.2 Management Scope and Protection Scope
10.3 Dispatching and Application
10.4 Management Facilities
10.5 Communication and Management Automation
10.6 Annual Operation Management Expenses of the Engineering
Annex A Calculation for Total Clear Width of the Sluice Holes
Annex B Calculation for Energy Dissipation and Anti-scouring
Annex C Calculation for Seepage Pressure
Annex D Soil Pressure Calculation
Annex E Wave Pressure Calculation
Annex F Rock and Soil Classification
Annex G Division of Soil Subgrade
Annex H Calculation of the Permissible Bearing Capacity for the Subgrade
Annex I Calculation of Foundation Additional Stress
Explanation of Wording in this Specification