GB 18584-2024 Limit of harmful substances of furniture
1 Scope
This document specifies the limit requirements and judgment of inspection results of harmful substances of furniture, defines terms and definitions, and describes the test methods.
This document is applicable to all kinds of furniture products.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 6675.4-2014 Safety of toys - Part 4: Migration of certain elements
GB/T 27717 Determination of dimethyl fumarate of furniture
GB/T 28202 Furniture industry terminology
GB/T 31106 Determination of volatile organic compounds in furniture
GB/T 31107 Environmental chamber for the determination of volatile organic compounds of furniture - General technical requirements
GB/T 38724 Furniture harmful substances - Test method for radioactivity
GB/T 40904 Methods for the determination of prohibited substances in furniture products and related materials - Azo dyes
GB/T 40906 Methods for the determination of prohibited substances in furniture products and related materials - Certain phthalate esters
GB/T 40908 Methods for the determination of prohibited substances in furniture products and related materials - Flame retardants
GB/T 40971 Methods for the determination of prohibited substance in furniture products and related materials - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
GB 28007 Technical specifications for the safety of infants' and children's furniture
ISO 16000-3 Indoor air - Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor air and test chamber air - Active sampling method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 28202 and GB 28007 and the following apply.
3.1
total volatile organic compounds; TVOC
volatile organic compounds with retention time between that of n-hexane and n-hexadecane when sampled by Tenax GC or Tenax TA and analyzed with a non-polar column (polarity index: <10)
[Source: GB/T 31106-2014, 3.2]
3.2
migrated hazardous elements
antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and selenium elements measured by the specified test method on the surface coating of furniture
3.3
phthalates
esters (or a series of lipids) formed by the reaction of phthalic acid with alcohols
Note: The chemical structure is characterized by two symmetric or asymmetric alkyl formate esters in the ortho positions of benzene ring. The phthalates in this document refer to the six phthalates listed in Annex A.
3.4
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PAH
aromatic hydrocarbon containing two or more fused aromatic rings
Note: The ring may also have short alkyl or cycloalkyl substituents. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in this document refer to the 18 PAHs listed in Annex B.
3.5
decomposable aromatic amine colourants
(azo-based) dyes capable of decomposing to emit one or more aromatic amine(s) that is(are) or may be carcinogenic to human body in textiles or leather and fur products in direct contact with human body
Note: The decomposable aromatic amine colourants in this document refer to dyes that can be decomposed to produce 24 aromatic amines listed in Annex C.
4 Requirements and test methods
4.1 Formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC
The limit of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC emission in furniture shall meet the requirements of Table 1.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Requirements and test methods
5 Judgment of inspection results
Annex A (Informative) List of phthalates
Annex B (Informative) List of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Annex C (Informative) List of aromatic amines decomposed by decomposable aromatic amine colourants
Annex D (Normative) Determination of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC in upholstered furniture
Annex E (Normative) Determination of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC in wooden furniture and other furniture
Annex F (Normative) Measurement method for exposed area of upholstered furniture
Annex G (Normative) Calculation method for contour volume of wooden furniture and other furniture
GB 18584-2024 Limit of harmful substances of furniture
1 Scope
This document specifies the limit requirements and judgment of inspection results of harmful substances of furniture, defines terms and definitions, and describes the test methods.
This document is applicable to all kinds of furniture products.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 6675.4-2014 Safety of toys - Part 4: Migration of certain elements
GB/T 27717 Determination of dimethyl fumarate of furniture
GB/T 28202 Furniture industry terminology
GB/T 31106 Determination of volatile organic compounds in furniture
GB/T 31107 Environmental chamber for the determination of volatile organic compounds of furniture - General technical requirements
GB/T 38724 Furniture harmful substances - Test method for radioactivity
GB/T 40904 Methods for the determination of prohibited substances in furniture products and related materials - Azo dyes
GB/T 40906 Methods for the determination of prohibited substances in furniture products and related materials - Certain phthalate esters
GB/T 40908 Methods for the determination of prohibited substances in furniture products and related materials - Flame retardants
GB/T 40971 Methods for the determination of prohibited substance in furniture products and related materials - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
GB 28007 Technical specifications for the safety of infants' and children's furniture
ISO 16000-3 Indoor air - Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor air and test chamber air - Active sampling method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 28202 and GB 28007 and the following apply.
3.1
total volatile organic compounds; TVOC
volatile organic compounds with retention time between that of n-hexane and n-hexadecane when sampled by Tenax GC or Tenax TA and analyzed with a non-polar column (polarity index: <10)
[Source: GB/T 31106-2014, 3.2]
3.2
migrated hazardous elements
antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and selenium elements measured by the specified test method on the surface coating of furniture
3.3
phthalates
esters (or a series of lipids) formed by the reaction of phthalic acid with alcohols
Note: The chemical structure is characterized by two symmetric or asymmetric alkyl formate esters in the ortho positions of benzene ring. The phthalates in this document refer to the six phthalates listed in Annex A.
3.4
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PAH
aromatic hydrocarbon containing two or more fused aromatic rings
Note: The ring may also have short alkyl or cycloalkyl substituents. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in this document refer to the 18 PAHs listed in Annex B.
3.5
decomposable aromatic amine colourants
(azo-based) dyes capable of decomposing to emit one or more aromatic amine(s) that is(are) or may be carcinogenic to human body in textiles or leather and fur products in direct contact with human body
Note: The decomposable aromatic amine colourants in this document refer to dyes that can be decomposed to produce 24 aromatic amines listed in Annex C.
4 Requirements and test methods
4.1 Formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC
The limit of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC emission in furniture shall meet the requirements of Table 1.
Contents of GB 18584-2024
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Requirements and test methods
5 Judgment of inspection results
Annex A (Informative) List of phthalates
Annex B (Informative) List of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Annex C (Informative) List of aromatic amines decomposed by decomposable aromatic amine colourants
Annex D (Normative) Determination of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC in upholstered furniture
Annex E (Normative) Determination of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC in wooden furniture and other furniture
Annex F (Normative) Measurement method for exposed area of upholstered furniture
Annex G (Normative) Calculation method for contour volume of wooden furniture and other furniture
