Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
All technical contents of this standard are compulsory.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
Safety performance requirements and test methods of automobile wheels
1 Scope
This standard specifies the identification, safety performance requirements and test methods of automobile wheels.
This standard is applicable to automobile wheels sold on the market, and is not applicable to wheels supplied by the vehicle manufacturer.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2933-2009 Wheels and rims for pneumatic tyres - Vocabulary, designation and marking
GB/T 2977 Size designation, dimensions, inflation pressure and load capacity for truck tyres
GB/T 2978 Size designation, dimensions, inflation pressure and load capacity for passenger car tyres
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2933 and the following apply.
3.1
wheels supplied by the vehicle manufacturer
wheels with permanently visible vehicle manufacturer's trademark and component No. provided by the vehicle manufacturer
4 Wheel identification
The wheel identification shall be permanently visible, complying the requirements of Annex A, GB/T 2933-2009, and shall at least include the following information:
a) the identification mark (name, symbol or trademark) of the wheel manufacturer;
b) the specification code of rim;
c) the offset (mm);
d) the load rating of wheel (kg);
e) date of manufacture.
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Safety performance requirements for passenger car wheels
5.1.1 Requirements for dynamic bending fatigue performance
5.1.1.1 Strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles
The strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles of dynamic bending fatigue test are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Requirements for strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles of dynamic bending fatigue test
Material Strengthening coefficient, S Minimum cycles
Steel 1.60 30,000
1.33 150,000
Light alloy 1.60 a 100,000
1.33 270,000
Note: in the certification test, both coefficients shall be selected for steel wheels, and only one coefficient may be selected for light alloy wheels.
a The strengthening coefficient preferred.
5.1.1.2 Failure determination
5.1.1.2.1 Failure determination of steel wheels
According to 6.2.1, the test wheel shall be determined as failed if one of the following conditions occurs during the test or after the minimum cycles specified in Table 1 are completed:
a) the wheel cannot continue bearing the load;
b) the original crack develops or new visible cracks appear (by dye penetration inspection or other acceptable methods, such as fluorescence non-destructive testing);
c) before the required cycles are reached, the offset increment of the loading point exceeds the initial loading offset by 10%.
5.1.1.2.2 Failure determination of light alloy wheels
According to 6.2.1, the test wheel shall be determined as failed if one of the following conditions occurs during the test or after the minimum cycles specified in Table 1 are completed:
a) the wheel cannot continue bearing the load;
b) the original crack develops or new visible cracks appear (by dye penetration inspection or other acceptable methods, such as fluorescence non-destructive testing);
c) before the required cycles are reached, the offset increment of the loading point exceeds the initial loading offset by 20%.
5.1.2 Requirements for dynamic radial fatigue performance
5.1.2.1 Strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles
The strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles of dynamic radial fatigue test are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Requirements for strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles of dynamic radial fatigue test
Strengthening coefficient, K Minimum cycles
2.25 a 500,000
2.00 1,000,000
a The strengthening coefficient is preferred.
5.1.2.2 Failure determination
According to 6.2.2, the test wheel shall be determined as failed if one of the following conditions occurs during the test or after the minimum cycles specified in Table 2 are completed:
a) the wheel cannot continue bearing the load;
b) the original crack develops or new visible cracks appear (by dye penetration inspection or other acceptable methods, such as fluorescence non-destructive testing).
5.1.3 Requirements for impact performance of light alloy wheels
The light alloy test wheel shall be determined as failed if any of the following conditions occurs after it is tested according to 6.2.3:
a) the visible crack penetrates the section of central part of the wheel;
b) the central part of the wheel is separated from the rim;
c) the tyre pressure leaks completely within 1min.
If the wheel is deformed or the rim section directly impacted by the impact hammer is fractured, the test wheel shall not be considered as failed.
5.2 Safety performance requirements for commercial vehicle wheels
5.2.1 Requirements for dynamic bending fatigue performance
5.2.1.1 Strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles
The strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles of dynamic bending fatigue test are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Requirements for strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles of dynamic bending fatigue test
Material Rim diameter code Inset or outset
mm Performance requirements
Strengthening coefficient, S Minimum cycles
Steel 13, 14, 15, 16 and larger a Less than 101.6 1.6 60,000
All 101.6 or more 1.10 300,000
Light alloy 16 127 or more 1.35 300,000
1.63 120,000
17.5 and larger a All 1.35 300,000
Note: one of the two coefficients is selected for light alloy wheel with a diameter code of 16.
a Rims with a diameter of ≥17.5 and a width of ≥266.7mm (10.5in) (wide rim wheels) are not included.
5.2.1.2 Failure determination
According to 6.3.1, the test wheel shall be determined as failed if one of the following conditions occurs during the test or after the minimum cycles specified in Table 3 are completed:
a) the wheel cannot continue bearing the load;
b) the original crack develops or new visible cracks appear (by dye penetration inspection or other acceptable methods, such as fluorescence non-destructive testing);
c) before the required cycles are reached, the offset increment of the loading point exceeds the initial loading offset by 15%.
5.2.2 Requirements for dynamic radial fatigue performance
5.2.2.1 Strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles
The strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles of dynamic radial fatigue test are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Requirements for strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles of dynamic radial fatigue test
Material Rim diameter code Inset or outset
mm Performance requirements
Strengthening coefficient, K Minimum cycles
Steel 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 (5° drop-center rim) All 2.2 500,000
15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24 (5° flat bottom rim) All 2.0 500,000
17.5HC, 19.5, 22.5, 24.5 (15° drop-center rim) All 1.6 1,000,000
Light alloy 16 127 or more 2.0 1,000,000
17.5 and larger All 2.0 1,000,000
5.2.2.2 Failure determination
According to 6.3.2, the test wheel shall be determined as failed if one of the following conditions occurs during the test or after the minimum cycles specified in Table 4 are completed:
a) the wheel cannot continue bearing the load;
b) the original crack develops or new visible cracks appear (by dye penetration inspection or other acceptable methods, such as fluorescence non-destructive testing).
6 Test methods
6.1 Test sample
New wheels shall be taken as the test sample, and each wheel can only be tested once.
6.2 Test methods for safety performance of passenger car wheels
6.2.1 Test method for dynamic bending fatigue
6.2.1.1 Test equipment
The test platform shall be provided with a driven rotatable device whereby either the wheel rotates under the action of a stationary bending moment or the wheel keeps still under the action of a rotating bending moment, as shown in Figure 1.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Wheel identification
5 Technical requirements
6 Test methods
7 Requirements of transition period
Annex A (Informative) Supplement to calibration of impact testing machine
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
All technical contents of this standard are compulsory.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
Safety performance requirements and test methods of automobile wheels
1 Scope
This standard specifies the identification, safety performance requirements and test methods of automobile wheels.
This standard is applicable to automobile wheels sold on the market, and is not applicable to wheels supplied by the vehicle manufacturer.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2933-2009 Wheels and rims for pneumatic tyres - Vocabulary, designation and marking
GB/T 2977 Size designation, dimensions, inflation pressure and load capacity for truck tyres
GB/T 2978 Size designation, dimensions, inflation pressure and load capacity for passenger car tyres
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2933 and the following apply.
3.1
wheels supplied by the vehicle manufacturer
wheels with permanently visible vehicle manufacturer's trademark and component No. provided by the vehicle manufacturer
4 Wheel identification
The wheel identification shall be permanently visible, complying the requirements of Annex A, GB/T 2933-2009, and shall at least include the following information:
a) the identification mark (name, symbol or trademark) of the wheel manufacturer;
b) the specification code of rim;
c) the offset (mm);
d) the load rating of wheel (kg);
e) date of manufacture.
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Safety performance requirements for passenger car wheels
5.1.1 Requirements for dynamic bending fatigue performance
5.1.1.1 Strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles
The strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles of dynamic bending fatigue test are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Requirements for strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles of dynamic bending fatigue test
Material Strengthening coefficient, S Minimum cycles
Steel 1.60 30,000
1.33 150,000
Light alloy 1.60 a 100,000
1.33 270,000
Note: in the certification test, both coefficients shall be selected for steel wheels, and only one coefficient may be selected for light alloy wheels.
a The strengthening coefficient preferred.
5.1.1.2 Failure determination
5.1.1.2.1 Failure determination of steel wheels
According to 6.2.1, the test wheel shall be determined as failed if one of the following conditions occurs during the test or after the minimum cycles specified in Table 1 are completed:
a) the wheel cannot continue bearing the load;
b) the original crack develops or new visible cracks appear (by dye penetration inspection or other acceptable methods, such as fluorescence non-destructive testing);
c) before the required cycles are reached, the offset increment of the loading point exceeds the initial loading offset by 10%.
5.1.1.2.2 Failure determination of light alloy wheels
According to 6.2.1, the test wheel shall be determined as failed if one of the following conditions occurs during the test or after the minimum cycles specified in Table 1 are completed:
a) the wheel cannot continue bearing the load;
b) the original crack develops or new visible cracks appear (by dye penetration inspection or other acceptable methods, such as fluorescence non-destructive testing);
c) before the required cycles are reached, the offset increment of the loading point exceeds the initial loading offset by 20%.
5.1.2 Requirements for dynamic radial fatigue performance
5.1.2.1 Strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles
The strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles of dynamic radial fatigue test are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Requirements for strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles of dynamic radial fatigue test
Strengthening coefficient, K Minimum cycles
2.25 a 500,000
2.00 1,000,000
a The strengthening coefficient is preferred.
5.1.2.2 Failure determination
According to 6.2.2, the test wheel shall be determined as failed if one of the following conditions occurs during the test or after the minimum cycles specified in Table 2 are completed:
a) the wheel cannot continue bearing the load;
b) the original crack develops or new visible cracks appear (by dye penetration inspection or other acceptable methods, such as fluorescence non-destructive testing).
5.1.3 Requirements for impact performance of light alloy wheels
The light alloy test wheel shall be determined as failed if any of the following conditions occurs after it is tested according to 6.2.3:
a) the visible crack penetrates the section of central part of the wheel;
b) the central part of the wheel is separated from the rim;
c) the tyre pressure leaks completely within 1min.
If the wheel is deformed or the rim section directly impacted by the impact hammer is fractured, the test wheel shall not be considered as failed.
5.2 Safety performance requirements for commercial vehicle wheels
5.2.1 Requirements for dynamic bending fatigue performance
5.2.1.1 Strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles
The strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles of dynamic bending fatigue test are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Requirements for strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles of dynamic bending fatigue test
Material Rim diameter code Inset or outset
mm Performance requirements
Strengthening coefficient, S Minimum cycles
Steel 13, 14, 15, 16 and larger a Less than 101.6 1.6 60,000
All 101.6 or more 1.10 300,000
Light alloy 16 127 or more 1.35 300,000
1.63 120,000
17.5 and larger a All 1.35 300,000
Note: one of the two coefficients is selected for light alloy wheel with a diameter code of 16.
a Rims with a diameter of ≥17.5 and a width of ≥266.7mm (10.5in) (wide rim wheels) are not included.
5.2.1.2 Failure determination
According to 6.3.1, the test wheel shall be determined as failed if one of the following conditions occurs during the test or after the minimum cycles specified in Table 3 are completed:
a) the wheel cannot continue bearing the load;
b) the original crack develops or new visible cracks appear (by dye penetration inspection or other acceptable methods, such as fluorescence non-destructive testing);
c) before the required cycles are reached, the offset increment of the loading point exceeds the initial loading offset by 15%.
5.2.2 Requirements for dynamic radial fatigue performance
5.2.2.1 Strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles
The strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles of dynamic radial fatigue test are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Requirements for strengthening coefficient and minimum cycles of dynamic radial fatigue test
Material Rim diameter code Inset or outset
mm Performance requirements
Strengthening coefficient, K Minimum cycles
Steel 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 (5° drop-center rim) All 2.2 500,000
15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24 (5° flat bottom rim) All 2.0 500,000
17.5HC, 19.5, 22.5, 24.5 (15° drop-center rim) All 1.6 1,000,000
Light alloy 16 127 or more 2.0 1,000,000
17.5 and larger All 2.0 1,000,000
5.2.2.2 Failure determination
According to 6.3.2, the test wheel shall be determined as failed if one of the following conditions occurs during the test or after the minimum cycles specified in Table 4 are completed:
a) the wheel cannot continue bearing the load;
b) the original crack develops or new visible cracks appear (by dye penetration inspection or other acceptable methods, such as fluorescence non-destructive testing).
6 Test methods
6.1 Test sample
New wheels shall be taken as the test sample, and each wheel can only be tested once.
6.2 Test methods for safety performance of passenger car wheels
6.2.1 Test method for dynamic bending fatigue
6.2.1.1 Test equipment
The test platform shall be provided with a driven rotatable device whereby either the wheel rotates under the action of a stationary bending moment or the wheel keeps still under the action of a rotating bending moment, as shown in Figure 1.
Contents of GB 36581-2018
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Wheel identification
5 Technical requirements
6 Test methods
7 Requirements of transition period
Annex A (Informative) Supplement to calibration of impact testing machine
