GB 48002-2026 Earth-moving machinery - Safety technical specification
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements for earth-moving machinery.
This document is applicable to the design, manufacture and inspection of dozers, loaders, backhoe loaders, hydraulic excavators, dumpers, scrapers, graders, pipelayers, trenchers, landfill compactors, cable excavators, rollers, and horizontal directional drilling machines.
This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the implementation of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 3766 Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 5182 Fork-lift trucks - Fork arms - Technical characteristics and testing
GB/T 6572 Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavators - Terminology and commercial specifications
GB/T 7920.5 Earth-moving machinery - Rollers and landfill compactors - Terminology and commercial specification
GB/T 7920.8 Earth-moving machinery - Scrapers - Terminology and commercial specifications
GB/T 7920.9 Earth-moving machinery - Graders - Terminology and commercial specifications
GB/T 7932 Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components
GB/T 8419 Earth-moving machinery - Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration
GB/T 8420-2011 Earth-moving machinery - Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope
GB/T 8498-2025 Earth-moving machinery - Basic types - Identification and vocabulary
GB/T 8590 Earth-moving machinery - Dozers - Terminology and commercial specifications
GB/T 8591 Earth-moving machinery - Seat index point
GB/T 8593.1 Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 1: Common symbols
GB/T 8593.2 Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 2: Symbols for specific machines, equipment and accessories
GB/T 8595 Earth-moving machinery - Operator’s controls
GB/T 10175.1-2008 Earth moving machinery - Loaders and backhoe loaders - Part 1: Calculation of rated operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load
GB/T 10175.2-2008 Earth moving machinery - Loaders and backhoe loaders - Part 2: Test method for measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height
GB/T 10913 Earth-moving machinery - Determination of ground speed
GB/T 13331 Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavators - Lift capacity
GB/T 14781 Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled machines - Steering requirements
GB/T 15706 Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
GB 16710 Earth-moving machinery - Noise limits
GB/T 16937 Earth-moving machinery - Operator’s field of view - Test method and performance criteria
GB/T 17300 Earth-moving machinery - Access systems
GB/T 17301 Earth-moving machinery - Operator station and maintenance areas - Bluntness of edges
GB/T 17771-2010 Earth-moving machinery - Falling-object protective structures - Laboratory tests and performance requirements
GB/T 17772-2018 Earth-moving machinery - Laboratory evaluations of protective structures - Specifications for deflection-limiting volume
GB/T 17921 Earth-moving machinery - Seat belts and seat belt anchorages - Performance requirements and tests
GB/T 17922-2014 Earth-moving machinery - Roll-over protective structures - Laboratory tests and performance requirements
GB/T 19928 Earth-moving machinery - Lift capacity of pipelayers and wheeled tractors or loaders equipped with side boom
GB/T 19929 Earth-moving machinery - Crawler machines - Performance requirements and test procedures for braking systems
GB/T 19930 Earth-moving machinery - Tip-over protection structure (TOPS) for compact excavators - Laboratory tests and performance requirements
GB/T 19930.2-2014 Earth-moving machinery - Laboratory tests and performance requirements for protective structures of excavators - Part 2: Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) for excavators of over 6 t
GB/T 19931 Earth-moving machinery - Trenchers - Definitions and commercial specifications
GB/T 19932-2005 Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavators - Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards
GB/T 19933.4 Earth-moving machinery - Operator enclosure environment - Part 4: Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) test method and performance
GB/T 20178-2022 Earth-moving machinery - Machine safety labels - General principles
GB/T 20953 Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Determination of burning behavior of cab interior materials
GB/T 21152 Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines - Performance requirements and test procedures for brake systems
GB/T 21155 Earth-moving machinery - Machine-mounted audible travel alarms and forward horns - Test methods and performance criteria
GB/T 21935 Earth-moving machinery - Zones of comfort and reach for controls
GB/T 21938 Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader boom-lowering control device - Requirements and tests
GB/T 22352 Earth-moving machinery - Pipelayers - Terminology and commercial specifications
GB/T 22355 Earth-moving machinery - Articulated frame lock - Performance requirements
GB/T 22356 Earth-moving machinery - Key-locked starting systems
GB/T 22357 Earth-moving machinery - Cable excavators - Terminology
GB/T 24813 Forged steel lifting hooks with latch, grade 8
GB/T 25603 Earth-moving machinery - Horizontal directional drills - Terminology
GB/T 25604 Earth-moving machinery - Loaders - Terminology and commercial specifications
GB/T 25605 Earth-moving machinery - Dumpers - Terminology and commercial specifications
GB/T 25607-2010 Earth-moving machinery - Guards - Definitions and requirements
GB/T 25608 Earth-moving machinery - Performance requirements for non-metallic fuel tanks
GB/T 25609 Earth-moving machinery - Braking systems of pedestrian-controlled machines - Performance requirements and test procedures
GB/T 25610 Earth-moving machinery - Dumper body support and operator‘s cab tilt support devices
GB/T 25612 Earth-moving machinery - Determination of sound power level - Stationary test conditions
GB/T 25613 Earth-moving machinery - Determination of emission sound pressure level at operator’s position - Stationary test conditions
GB/T 25614 Earth-moving machinery - Determination of sound power level - Dynamic test conditions
GB/T 25615 Earth-moving machinery - Determination of emission sound pressure level at operator’s position - Dynamic test conditions
GB/T 25617-2010 Earth-moving machinery - Visual display of machine operation
GB/T 25624 Earth-moving machinery - Operator’s seat - Dimensions and requirements
GB/T 25684.4-2021 Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders
GB/T 25684.12-2021 Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 12: Requirements for cable excavators
GB/T 25684.13-2021 Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 13: Requirements for rollers
GB/T 25686 Earth-moving machinery - Safety requirements for remote operator control systems
GB/T 25692 Earth-moving machinery - Retarders for dumpers and tractor-scrapers - Performance tests
GB/T 31523.1 Safety information identification systems - Part 1: Signs
GB/T 38943.1-2020 Earth-moving machinery - Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 38943.3-2020 Earth-moving machinery - Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems - Part 3: Particular requirements for self-powered machines
JB/T 10774-2007 General technical condition of traction apparatus
LY 1289 Machinery for forestry - Winches - Dimensions, performance and safety requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 6572, GB/T 7920.5, GB/T 7920.8, GB/T 7920.9, GB/T 8498-2025, GB/T 8590, GB/T 15706, GB/T 19931, GB/T 22352, GB/T 22357, GB/T 25603, GB/T 25604 and GB/T 25605 as well as the following apply.
3.1 General
3.1.1
earth-moving machinery
self-propelled or towed base machine (3.1.6) on wheels (drums or tyres), crawlers or legs, which may have equipment (3.1.2), or attachment (3.1.3), or both, primarily designed to perform excavation, loading, transportation, drilling, spreading, compacting or trenching of earth, rock and other materials
Note: Earth-moving machinery can be either direct-controlled or remote-controlled. It can also operate autonomously or semi-autonomously.
[Source: GB/T 8498-2025, 3.1.1]
3.1.2
equipment
set of components mounted onto the base machine which allows an attachment to perform the primary design function of the machine
[Source: GB/T 18577.2-2008, 3.4]
3.1.3
attachment
working tool
assembly of components mounted onto the base machine (3.1.6) or equipment (3.1.2) for specific use
[Source: GB/T 18577.2-2008, 3.5]
3.1.4
object handling
application of earth-moving machinery (3.1.1) comprising the lifting, lowering and transporting of a load by means of lifting accessories, where assistance of persons (including the operator) is required for attaching or detaching the hook or for stabilizing the load during transport
Note 1: If no assistance of persons is required for attaching, detaching or stabilizing the load because unloading is carried out by a self-acting device, such operation is considered a usual earth-moving application.
Contents
Foreword II
Introduction III
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General
5 Requirements for dozers
6 Requirements for loaders
7 Requirements for backhoe loaders
8 Requirements for hydraulic excavators
9 Requirements for dumpers
10 Requirements for scrapers
11 Requirements for graders
12 Requirements for pipelayers
13 Requirements for trenchers
14 Requirements for landfill compactors
15 Requirements for cable excavators
16 Requirements for rollers
17 Requirements for horizontal directional drilling machines
Bibliography
GB 48002-2026 Earth-moving machinery - Safety technical specification
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements for earth-moving machinery.
This document is applicable to the design, manufacture and inspection of dozers, loaders, backhoe loaders, hydraulic excavators, dumpers, scrapers, graders, pipelayers, trenchers, landfill compactors, cable excavators, rollers, and horizontal directional drilling machines.
This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the implementation of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 3766 Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 5182 Fork-lift trucks - Fork arms - Technical characteristics and testing
GB/T 6572 Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavators - Terminology and commercial specifications
GB/T 7920.5 Earth-moving machinery - Rollers and landfill compactors - Terminology and commercial specification
GB/T 7920.8 Earth-moving machinery - Scrapers - Terminology and commercial specifications
GB/T 7920.9 Earth-moving machinery - Graders - Terminology and commercial specifications
GB/T 7932 Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components
GB/T 8419 Earth-moving machinery - Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration
GB/T 8420-2011 Earth-moving machinery - Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope
GB/T 8498-2025 Earth-moving machinery - Basic types - Identification and vocabulary
GB/T 8590 Earth-moving machinery - Dozers - Terminology and commercial specifications
GB/T 8591 Earth-moving machinery - Seat index point
GB/T 8593.1 Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 1: Common symbols
GB/T 8593.2 Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 2: Symbols for specific machines, equipment and accessories
GB/T 8595 Earth-moving machinery - Operator’s controls
GB/T 10175.1-2008 Earth moving machinery - Loaders and backhoe loaders - Part 1: Calculation of rated operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load
GB/T 10175.2-2008 Earth moving machinery - Loaders and backhoe loaders - Part 2: Test method for measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height
GB/T 10913 Earth-moving machinery - Determination of ground speed
GB/T 13331 Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavators - Lift capacity
GB/T 14781 Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled machines - Steering requirements
GB/T 15706 Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
GB 16710 Earth-moving machinery - Noise limits
GB/T 16937 Earth-moving machinery - Operator’s field of view - Test method and performance criteria
GB/T 17300 Earth-moving machinery - Access systems
GB/T 17301 Earth-moving machinery - Operator station and maintenance areas - Bluntness of edges
GB/T 17771-2010 Earth-moving machinery - Falling-object protective structures - Laboratory tests and performance requirements
GB/T 17772-2018 Earth-moving machinery - Laboratory evaluations of protective structures - Specifications for deflection-limiting volume
GB/T 17921 Earth-moving machinery - Seat belts and seat belt anchorages - Performance requirements and tests
GB/T 17922-2014 Earth-moving machinery - Roll-over protective structures - Laboratory tests and performance requirements
GB/T 19928 Earth-moving machinery - Lift capacity of pipelayers and wheeled tractors or loaders equipped with side boom
GB/T 19929 Earth-moving machinery - Crawler machines - Performance requirements and test procedures for braking systems
GB/T 19930 Earth-moving machinery - Tip-over protection structure (TOPS) for compact excavators - Laboratory tests and performance requirements
GB/T 19930.2-2014 Earth-moving machinery - Laboratory tests and performance requirements for protective structures of excavators - Part 2: Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) for excavators of over 6 t
GB/T 19931 Earth-moving machinery - Trenchers - Definitions and commercial specifications
GB/T 19932-2005 Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavators - Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards
GB/T 19933.4 Earth-moving machinery - Operator enclosure environment - Part 4: Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) test method and performance
GB/T 20178-2022 Earth-moving machinery - Machine safety labels - General principles
GB/T 20953 Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Determination of burning behavior of cab interior materials
GB/T 21152 Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines - Performance requirements and test procedures for brake systems
GB/T 21155 Earth-moving machinery - Machine-mounted audible travel alarms and forward horns - Test methods and performance criteria
GB/T 21935 Earth-moving machinery - Zones of comfort and reach for controls
GB/T 21938 Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader boom-lowering control device - Requirements and tests
GB/T 22352 Earth-moving machinery - Pipelayers - Terminology and commercial specifications
GB/T 22355 Earth-moving machinery - Articulated frame lock - Performance requirements
GB/T 22356 Earth-moving machinery - Key-locked starting systems
GB/T 22357 Earth-moving machinery - Cable excavators - Terminology
GB/T 24813 Forged steel lifting hooks with latch, grade 8
GB/T 25603 Earth-moving machinery - Horizontal directional drills - Terminology
GB/T 25604 Earth-moving machinery - Loaders - Terminology and commercial specifications
GB/T 25605 Earth-moving machinery - Dumpers - Terminology and commercial specifications
GB/T 25607-2010 Earth-moving machinery - Guards - Definitions and requirements
GB/T 25608 Earth-moving machinery - Performance requirements for non-metallic fuel tanks
GB/T 25609 Earth-moving machinery - Braking systems of pedestrian-controlled machines - Performance requirements and test procedures
GB/T 25610 Earth-moving machinery - Dumper body support and operator‘s cab tilt support devices
GB/T 25612 Earth-moving machinery - Determination of sound power level - Stationary test conditions
GB/T 25613 Earth-moving machinery - Determination of emission sound pressure level at operator’s position - Stationary test conditions
GB/T 25614 Earth-moving machinery - Determination of sound power level - Dynamic test conditions
GB/T 25615 Earth-moving machinery - Determination of emission sound pressure level at operator’s position - Dynamic test conditions
GB/T 25617-2010 Earth-moving machinery - Visual display of machine operation
GB/T 25624 Earth-moving machinery - Operator’s seat - Dimensions and requirements
GB/T 25684.4-2021 Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders
GB/T 25684.12-2021 Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 12: Requirements for cable excavators
GB/T 25684.13-2021 Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 13: Requirements for rollers
GB/T 25686 Earth-moving machinery - Safety requirements for remote operator control systems
GB/T 25692 Earth-moving machinery - Retarders for dumpers and tractor-scrapers - Performance tests
GB/T 31523.1 Safety information identification systems - Part 1: Signs
GB/T 38943.1-2020 Earth-moving machinery - Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 38943.3-2020 Earth-moving machinery - Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems - Part 3: Particular requirements for self-powered machines
JB/T 10774-2007 General technical condition of traction apparatus
LY 1289 Machinery for forestry - Winches - Dimensions, performance and safety requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 6572, GB/T 7920.5, GB/T 7920.8, GB/T 7920.9, GB/T 8498-2025, GB/T 8590, GB/T 15706, GB/T 19931, GB/T 22352, GB/T 22357, GB/T 25603, GB/T 25604 and GB/T 25605 as well as the following apply.
3.1 General
3.1.1
earth-moving machinery
self-propelled or towed base machine (3.1.6) on wheels (drums or tyres), crawlers or legs, which may have equipment (3.1.2), or attachment (3.1.3), or both, primarily designed to perform excavation, loading, transportation, drilling, spreading, compacting or trenching of earth, rock and other materials
Note: Earth-moving machinery can be either direct-controlled or remote-controlled. It can also operate autonomously or semi-autonomously.
[Source: GB/T 8498-2025, 3.1.1]
3.1.2
equipment
set of components mounted onto the base machine which allows an attachment to perform the primary design function of the machine
[Source: GB/T 18577.2-2008, 3.4]
3.1.3
attachment
working tool
assembly of components mounted onto the base machine (3.1.6) or equipment (3.1.2) for specific use
[Source: GB/T 18577.2-2008, 3.5]
3.1.4
object handling
application of earth-moving machinery (3.1.1) comprising the lifting, lowering and transporting of a load by means of lifting accessories, where assistance of persons (including the operator) is required for attaching or detaching the hook or for stabilizing the load during transport
Note 1: If no assistance of persons is required for attaching, detaching or stabilizing the load because unloading is carried out by a self-acting device, such operation is considered a usual earth-moving application.
Contents of GB 48002-2026
Contents
Foreword II
Introduction III
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General
5 Requirements for dozers
6 Requirements for loaders
7 Requirements for backhoe loaders
8 Requirements for hydraulic excavators
9 Requirements for dumpers
10 Requirements for scrapers
11 Requirements for graders
12 Requirements for pipelayers
13 Requirements for trenchers
14 Requirements for landfill compactors
15 Requirements for cable excavators
16 Requirements for rollers
17 Requirements for horizontal directional drilling machines
Bibliography
