Detail of GB/T 150.1~GB/T 150.4-2024

Introduction of GB/T 150.1~GB/T 150.4-2024

GB/T 150.1~GB/T 150.4-2024 Pressure vessels—Part 1: General requirements Pressure vessels - Part 3: Design 1 Scope 1.1 This document specifies the general design requirements for pressure vessels and the design requirements for basic pressure components. 1.2 This document is applicable to the design calculations for internal pressure cylinders and internal pressure spheres, external pressure cylinders and external pressure spheres, heads, openings and reinforcement for openings, as well as flanges. 1.3 This document specifies the basic design requirements for non-circular cross-section vessels (see Annex A), flat steel ribbon wound cylindrical shells (see Annex B), common sealing structures (see Annex C), welded joint structures (see Annex D), jacketed vessels (see Annex G), and vessels with design temperatures below -20℃ (see Annex E), as well as the method for checking pressure vessels to prevent brittle fracture at low temperatures (see Annex F). 2 Normative references The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 150.1-2024 Pressure vessels - Part 1: General requirements GB/T 150.2-2024 Pressure vessels - Part 2: Materials GB/T 150.4-2024 Pressure vessels - Part 4: Fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance GB/T 228 (All parts) Metallic materials - Tensile testing GB/T 229 Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test method GB/T 713.2 Steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure equipments - Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steel with specified temperature properties GB/T 713.3 Steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure equipments - Part 3: Low alloy steel with specified low temperature properties GB/T 713.4 Steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure equipments - Part 4: Nickel-alloy steels with specified low temperature properties GB/T 713.5 Steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure equipments - Part 5: High manganese steel with specified low temperature properties GB/T 713.6 Steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure equipments - Part 6: Quenched and tempered high strength steel GB/T 985.1 Recommended joint preparation for gas welding, manual metal arc welding, gas-shield arc welding and beam welding GB/T 985.2 Recommended joint preparation for submerged arc welding GB/T 3531 Steel plates for low temperature pressure vessels GB/T 4732 Pressure vessels design by analysis GB/T 6479 Seamless steel tubes for high-pressure chemical fertilizer equipments GB/T 6803 Test method for drop-weight test to determine nil-ductility transition temperature of ferritic steels GB/T 8163 Seamless steel pipes for liquid service GB/T 9948 Seamless steel tubes for petroleum cracking GB/T 19189 Quenched and tempered high strength steel plates for pressure vessels GB/T 21143-2014 Metallic materials - Unified method of test for determination of quasistatic fracture toughness GB/T 25774.1 Test methods for welding consumables - Part 1: Preparation of deposited metal test pieces and specimens for mechanical properties in steel, nickel and nickel alloys GB/T 26929 Terminology for pressure vessels HG/T 20592 Steel pipe flanges (PN designated) HG/T 20615 Steel pipe flanges (Class designated) HG/T 20623 Large diameter steel pipe flanges (Class designated) NB/T 11025 Reinforcing pad NB/T 47008 Carbon and alloy steel forgings for pressure equipment NB/T 47009 Alloy steel forgings for low temperature pressure equipment NB/T 47013.2 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 2: Radiographic testing NB/T 47013.3 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing NB/T 47013.4 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 4: Magnetic particle testing NB/T 47013.5 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 5: Penetrant testing NB/T 47014 Welding procedure qualification for pressure equipments NB/T 47016 Mechanical property tests of product welded test coupons for pressure equipments NB/T 47018 (All parts) Technical permission of welding materials for pressure equipment NB/T 47019.4 Purchase technical specification for boiler & heat exchanger tubes - Part 4: Low alloy steel for low-temperature service NB/T 47020 Type and specification for pressure vessel flanges NB/T 47021 A-type socket-weld flange NB/T 47022 B-type socket-weld flange NB/T 47023 Welding neck flange ISO 10423 Petroleum and natural gas industries - Drilling and production equipment - Wellhead and tree equipment TSG 21 Supervision regulation on safety technology for stationary pressure vessel 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 150.1-2024, GB/T 26929 and GB/T 4732 apply. 4 General 4.1 General requirements 4.1.1 Accept the design conditions proposed by the user or the design entrusting party and verify their completeness, standardization, and feasibility. 4.1.2 Determine the main failure modes and corresponding failure criteria, and conduct risk assessments if necessary. 4.1.3 Determine the main standards, specifications, and calculation methods on which the design is based. 4.1.4 Determine or confirm the properties of the contents (explosion risk, toxicity hazard, corrosivity, etc.), contents grouping, corrosion type and corrosion allowance, and design service life. 4.1.5 Determine or confirm the design working conditions and design conditions. 4.1.6 Determine the material of each component according to GB/T 150.2-2024, specifying the grade, allowable stress, mechanical properties, and supply condition of materials. When necessary, propose the re-inspection requirements for component materials and the low and high temperature performance indicators. If the design temperature of the pressure vessel is lower than the lower limit of the material's service temperature specified in GB/T 150.2-2024, perform the checking to prevent brittle fracture at low temperature according to Annex F. 4.1.7 Determine or confirm the connection form of the pressure components, support form of the vessel, etc. 4.1.8 Determine the loads to be considered, principles for load combination, etc. 4.1.9 Propose corresponding fabrication technical requirements, including requirements for processing and forming, welding, assembly, nondestructive testing, heat treatment, pressure test, leakage test, etc. 4.2 Additional requirements This document specifies the basic design requirements for non-circular cross-section vessels, flat steel ribbon wound cylindrical shells, common sealing structures, welded joint structures, jacketed vessels, vessels with design temperatures below -20℃ and the method for checking pressure vessels to prevent brittle fracture at low temperatures, among which: a) Additional requirements for the design, fabrication and acceptance of non-circular cross-section vessels are as specified in Annex A; b) Additional requirements for the design of flat steel ribbon wound cylindrical shells are as specified in Annex B; c) Additional requirements for the design of common sealing structures are as specified in Annex C; d) Additional requirements for the design and fabrication of welded joint structures are as specified in Annex D; e) Additional requirements for the materials and design of vessels with design temperatures below -20℃ are as specified in Annex E; f) Additional requirements for the method used to check pressure vessels to prevent brittle fracture at low temperatures are as specified in Annex F; g) The basic design requirements for jacketed vessels are as specified in Annex G. 5 Internal pressure cylinders and internal pressure spheres 5.1 General requirements Single-layer, wrapped and shrink fit cylinders and spheres subjected to internal pressure shall be calculated using the equations given in this clause. Design calculations for flat steel ribbon wound cylindrical shells shall be carried out according to those specified in Annex B. 5.2 Terms, definitions and symbols 5.2.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this clause, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 150.1-2024 apply. 5.2.2 Symbols For the purposes of this clause, the following symbols apply: Di——the inner diameter of cylinder or sphere, mm; Do——the outer diameter of cylinder or sphere (Do=Di+2δn), mm; K——the diameter ratio, ; pc——the calculation pressure, MPa; [pw]——the maximum allowable working pressure of cylinder or sphere, MPa; δ——the required thickness of cylinder or sphere, mm; δe——the effective thickness of cylinder or sphere, mm; δi——the nominal thickness of inner cylinder of wrapped cylinder or shrink fit cylinder, mm; δn——the nominal thickness of cylinder or sphere, mm; δo——the total thickness of the laminate layers of a wrapped cylinder or of the shrink fit layers of a shrink fit cylinder, mm; σt——the calculated stress of cylinder or sphere at the design temperature, MPa; ——the circumferential stress of cylinder at the design temperature, MPa; [σ]t——the allowable stress of cylinder or sphere material at the design temperature (according to those specified in GB/T 150.2-2024), MPa; [σi]t——the allowable stress of the inner cylinder material of wrapped cylinder or shrink fit cylinder at the design temperature (according to those specified in GB/T 150.2-2024), MPa; [σo]t——the allowable stress of the laminate layer material of a wrapped cylinder or of the shrink fit layer material of a shrink fit cylinder at the design temperature, MPa; φ——the welded joint coefficient; φi——the welded joint coefficient for the inner cylinder of wrapped cylinder or shrink fit cylinder; φo——the welded joint coefficient for the laminate layers of a wrapped cylinder or of the shrink fit layers of a shrink fit cylinder. 5.3 Cylinder-related calculations The applicable range for Equations (5-1) to (5-8) is K≤1.5 or pc≤0.4[σ]tφ. a) The required thickness of cylinder at the design temperature shall be calculated using either Equation (5-1) or Equation (5-2): (5-1) (5-2) b) The circumferential stress of cylinder shall be calculated using either Equation (5-3) or Equation (5-4): (5-3) (5-4) The calculated stress σt shall satisfy Equation (5-5): (5-5) The [σ]tφ of wrapped cylinders and shrink fit cylinders shall be calculated using Equation (5-6): (5-6) where, φi=1.0 and φo=0.95. c) The maximum allowable working pressure of cylinder at the design temperature shall be calculated using either Equation (5-7) or Equation (5-8): (5-7) (5-8) 5.4 Sphere-related calculations The applicable range for Equations (5-9) to (5-15) is K≤1.35 or Pc≤0.6[σ]tφ. a) The required thickness of sphere at the design temperature shall be calculated using either Equation (5-9) or Equation (5-10): (5-9) (5-10) b) The calculated stress of sphere shall be calculated using either Equation (5-11) or Equation (5-12): (5-11) (5-12) σt shall satisfy Equation (5-13): σt≤[σ]tφ (5-13) c) The maximum allowable working pressure of sphere at the design temperature shall be calculated using either Equation (5-14) or Equation (5-15): (5-14) (5-15) 6 External pressure cylinder and external pressure sphere 6.1 General requirements The requirements outlined in this clause apply to the design of external pressure cylinders (including pipes/tubes) and external pressure spheres. 6.2 Terms, definitions and symbols 6.2.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this clause, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 150.1-2024 apply. 6.2.2 Symbols For the purposes of this clause, the following symbols apply: A——the external pressure strain coefficient; As——the cross sectional area of reinforcing ring, mm2; B——the external pressure stress coefficient, MPa; Di——the inner diameter of cylinder, mm; Do——the outer diameter of cylinder (Do=Di+2δn), mm; Et——the elasticity modulus of the material at the design temperature, MPa; hi——the curved surface depth of the head, mm; hs1, hs2——the parameters of reinforcing ring, see Figure 6-18, mm; I——the inertia moment required for the combined section of reinforcing ring and cylinder, mm4; Is——the inertia moment of the combined cross section of the reinforcing ring and the effective section of the cylinder acting as a reinforcement relative to centroidal axis passing through the cross section parallel to the axis of the cylinder, mm4; L——the calculated length of cylinder, mm; LS——the half the sum of the distances from the centerline of the reinforcing ring to the centerlines of the adjacent reinforcing rings. If adjacent to a convex head, 1/3 the curved surface depth of the head shall also be included in the length, mm; pc——the calculated external pressure, MPa; [p]——the allowable external pressure, MPa; ReL(Rp0.2)——the yield strength (or 0.2% non-proportional extension strength) of cylinder or pipe/tube material at standard room temperature, MPa; ——the yield strength (or 0.2% non-proportional extension strength) of cylinder or pipe/tube material at the design temperature, MPa; Ro——the outer radius of sphere, mm; t——the clearance between intermittent welds, mm; δe——the effective thickness of cylinder or sphere, mm; δn——the nominal thickness of cylinder or sphere, mm; δs1, δs2——the parameters of reinforcing ring, see Figure 6-18, mm; σo——the stress, MPa; [σ]t——the allowable stress of cylinder or pipe/tube material at the design temperature (according to those specified in GB/T 150.2-2024), MPa. 6.3 Check for stability of external pressure cylinders 6.3.1 Determination of calculated length The calculated length of the cylinder shall be the distance between two adjacent support lines on the cylinder, as shown in Figure 6-1, and shall meet the following requirements. a) As shown in Figures 6-1 a-1) and a-2), the calculated length is the total length of the cylinder plus 1/3 of the curved surface depth of each convex head. When Figure 6-1 a-2) applies, the design calculation shall be performed using the indicated length L, the outer diameters of the cylinders at the connection, and their corresponding thicknesses. The required thickness of the unflanged or flanged conical shell and the transition section shall not be less than that of the connected cylinder. In addition, when there is no flanging between the conical shell and the cylinder, the area check requirement shall also be met (see 7.6.6.4.1 or 7.6.6.5.1). b) As shown in Figure 6-1 b-1), the calculated length is the total length of the equipment. In this case, the design calculation shall be performed using the indicated length L, the outer diameters of the cylinders at the connection, and their corresponding thicknesses. The required thickness of the unflanged or flanged conical shell and the transition section shall not be less than that of the connected cylinder. In addition, when there is no flanging between the conical shell and the cylinder, the area check requirement shall also be met (see 7.6.6.4.1 or 7.6.6.5.1). As shown in Figure 6-1 b-2), when the connection between the cylinder and the conical shell may be considered as a support line, the calculated length of the cylinder section is the total length of the cylinder. The connection between the cylinder and the conical shell shall meet the requirements of 7.6.6.4 or 7.6.6.5. When the inertia moment of the cylinder-conical shell combined cross-section as a support line is insufficient, the use of a cylinder-conical shell-reinforcing ring combined structure is allowed to increase the inertia moment of the combined cross-section, so that it meets the requirements of 7.6.6.4.2 or 7.6.6.5.2. c) As shown in Figures 6-1 c-1) and c-2), when the cylinder section has reinforcing rings (or components that can serve as reinforcement), the calculated length is the distance between the centerlines of adjacent reinforcing rings. When Figure 6-1 c-2) applies, the design calculation shall be performed using the indicated length L, the outer diameters of the cylinders at the connection, and their corresponding thicknesses. The required thickness of the unflanged or flanged conical shell and the transition section shall not be less than that of the connected cylinder. In addition, when there is no flanging between the conical shell and the cylinder, the area check requirement shall also be met (see 7.6.6.4.1 or 7.6.6.5.1). d) As shown in Figure 6-1 d), the calculated length is the distance between the centerline of the first reinforcing ring of the cylinder and the tangent line of the convex head plus 1/3 of the curved surface depth of the convex head. e) As shown in Figures 6-1 e-1), e-2), and f), when the connection between the cylinder and the conical shell may be considered as a support line, the calculated length is the distance between this connection and the adjacent support line. The connection between the cylinder and the conical shell shall meet the requirements of 7.6.6.4 or 7.6.6.5. When the inertia moment of the cylinder-conical shell combined cross-section as a support line is insufficient, the use of a cylinder-conical shell-reinforcing ring combined structure is allowed to increase the inertia moment of the combined cross-section, so that it meets the requirements of 7.6.6.4.2 or 7.6.6.5.2. In Figure 6-1 f), LX refers to the axial length of the conical shell section, and its external pressure calculated length is the equivalent length Le, as specified in 7.6.6. f) For a jacketed cylinder as shown in Figure 6-1 g), the calculated length is the length of the cylinder subjected to external pressure; if it has a convex head, the calculated length shall also be added with 1/3 of the curved surface depth of the head; if there are reinforcing rings (or components that can serve as reinforcement), the calculation shall be performed according to Figures 6-1 c-1), c-2), and d). Note: A support line means a cross section in this place that has sufficient inertia moment to ensure that no instability occurs under external pressure. a-1) External pressure cylinder structure 1 a-2) External pressure cylinder structure 2 b-1) External pressure cylinder structure 3 b-2) External pressure cylinder structure 4 c-1) External pressure cylinder structure 5 c-2) External pressure cylinder structure 6 d) External pressure cylinder structure 7 e-1) External pressure cylinder structure 8 e-2) External pressure cylinder structure 9 f) External pressure cylinder structure 10 g) External pressure cylinder structure 11 Note: The connection between the cylinder and the conical shell is considered as a support line. Figure 6-1 Calculated length of external pressure cylinder Pressure vessels - Part 4: Fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance 1 Scope This document specifies the requirements for the fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of steel pressure vessels. This document is applicable to the fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of steel pressure vessels, and non-alloy, low-alloy or high-alloy steel substrate of clad plate pressure vessels, lined pressure vessels, and pressure vessels with surfacing layer. This document is applicable to single-layer welded (including tubular cylindrical shell) pressure vessels, forged-welded pressure vessels, shrink fit pressure vessels, wrapped (including multi-layer cylindrical shell sections wrapped, and multi-layer integrally wrapped) pressure vessels, and flat steel ribbon wound pressure vessels. 2 Normative references The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 150.1 Pressure vessels - Part 1: General requirements GB/T 150.2-2024 Pressure vessels - Part 2: Materials GB/T 150.3-2024 Pressure vessels - Part 3: Design GB/T 151 Heat exchangers GB/T 196 General purpose metric screw threads - Basic dimensions GB/T 197 General purpose metric screw threads - Tolerances GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature GB/T 228.2 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 2: Method of test at elevated temperature GB/T 229 Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test method GB/T 232 Metallic materials - Bend test GB/T 1804-2000 General tolerances - Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications GB/T 1954 Methods of measurement for ferrite content in austenitic Cr-Ni stainless steel weld metals GB/T 2039 Metallic materials - Uniaxial creep testing method in tension GB/T 3965 Determination of diffusible hydrogen in deposited metal GB/T 5310 Seamless steel tubes and pipes for high pressure boiler GB/T 6396 Clad steel plates - Mechanical and technological test GB/T 6479 Seamless steel tubes for high-pressure chemical fertilizer equipments GB/T 8923.1-2011 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products - Visual assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings GB/T 9948 Seamless steel tubes for petroleum cracking GB/T 12337 Steel spherical tanks GB/T 16749 Bellows expansion joints for pressure vessel GB/T 21433 Detecting susceptibility to intergranular corrosion in stainless steel pressure vessels GB/T 25198 Heads for pressure vessels GB/T 30583 Specification for post weld heat treatment of pressure equipment HG/T 20592 to 20635 Steel pipe flanges, gaskets and bolting JB/T 3223 Welding consumables quality management procedures JB/T 4734 Aluminium welded vessels JB/T 4755 Copper pressure vessels JB/T 4756 Nickel and nickel alloy pressure vessels NB/T 10558 Coating and packing for pressure vessels transport NB/T 11025 Reinforcing pad NB/T 11270 Titanium pressure vessels NB/T 47002 (All parts) Clad plate for pressure vessel NB/T 47008 Carbon and alloy steel forgings for pressure equipment NB/T 47009 Alloy steel forgings for low temperature pressure equipment NB/T 47011 Zirconium pressure vessels NB/T 47013 (All parts) Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments NB/T 47014 Welding procedure qualification for pressure equipments NB/T 47015 Welding specification for pressure vessels NB/T 47016 Mechanical property tests of product welded test coupons for pressure equipments NB/T 47018 (All parts) Technical permission of welding materials for pressure equipment NB/T 47019.4 Purchase technical specification for boiler & heat exchanger tubes - Part 4: Low alloy steel for low-temperature service NB/T 47020 to 47027 Flanges, gaskets, stud bolts & nut for pressure vessels NB/T 47041 Vertical vessels supported by skirt NB/T 47042 Horizontal vessels on saddle supports NB/T 47065 (All parts) Vessel support 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 150.1, GB/T 151 and GB/T 30583 as well as the following apply. 3.1 forged-welded pressure vessel pressure vessel made with cylindrical shell sections and heads (or ends) machined from forgings in cylindrical or other shapes which are connected by circumferential welded joints 3.2 layered pressure vessel pressure vessel (excluding lined pressure vessel) with cylinder or heads composed of two or more layers of plates or strips, which are connected by non-welding methods 3.3 wrapped pressure vessel layered pressure vessel formed by wrapping the laminates layer by layer onto the cylinder Note: Wrapped pressure vessels can be classified into two types by structure: multi-layer cylindrical shell sections wrapped pressure vessels and multi-layer integrally wrapped pressure vessels. Multi-layer cylindrical shell sections wrapped pressure vessel refers to a pressure vessel formed by wrapping laminates layer by layer onto single cylinders to form multi-layer cylindrical shell sections which are then assembled via circumferential welded joints; multi-layer integrally wrapped pressure vessel refers to a pressure vessel formed by wrapping laminates layer by layer onto the cylinders forming a whole. 3.4 flat steel ribbon wound pressure vessel layered pressure vessel formed by winding flat steel ribbon layer by layer in a staggered manner at a certain inclination angle on the cylinders forming a whole 3.5 shrink fit pressure vessel pressure vessel formed by assembling shrink fit cylindrical shell sections with circumferential welded joints, in which, several layers of cylindrical shell sections with certain magnitude of interference are fitted by heating (or cooling) and then subjected to heat treatment to eliminate the shrink fit prestress to form the shrink fit cylindrical shell sections 3.6 thickness of steel material feeding thickness of steel plates, steel pipes, forgings, etc., for fabricating pressure components 3.7 cold forming plastic deformation processing performed below the recrystallization temperature of the workpiece material Note: In engineering practice, it includes 1) room temperature forming for plastic deformation processing at ambient temperature; and 2) warm forming for plastic deformation processing at a heating temperature not exceeding the recrystallization temperature of the material. 3.8 hot forming plastic deformation processing conducted above the recrystallization temperature of the workpiece material 3.9 forming temperature temperature at plastic deformation for forming the workpiece 3.10 thermal treatment fabrication and repair processes of non-alloy or low-alloy steel pressure vessels or pressure components which are heated to 490°C or above during fabrication and use, and those of high-alloy steel pressure vessels or pressure components which are heated to 315°C or above, neither including thermal cutting or in-process welding 3.11 minimum thermal treatment; Min. TT specific heat treatment of a test piece (or specimen) to simulate the minimum thermal cycles of a pressure vessel or pressure component during fabrication 3.12 maximum thermal treatment; Max. TT specific heat treatment of a test piece (or specimen) to simulate the maximum thermal cycles possible of a pressure vessel or pressure component during fabrication and use Note: The repair conducted during fabrication is included according to the actual thermal cycles during rework, while that conducted during use, unless otherwise specified, shall be included according to the thermal cycles during one repair. 3.13 minimum postweld heat treatment; Min. PWHT specific heat treatment of a test piece (or specimen) to simulate the minimum thermal cycles during fabrication Note 1: For test pieces (or specimens) of the same austenitized and tempered heat treatment conditions as the material upon delivery, all heat treatments above 490°C during fabrication are accumulated for the simulated heat treatment, including intermediate stress relief (when not combined with postweld heat treatment) and one postweld heat treatment. Note 2: For Cr-Mo and Cr-Mo-V steels, the equivalent holding time may be calculated using the Larson-Miller Parameter for heat treatment not higher than the final postweld heat treatment temperature, and the result shall be approved in writing by the design organization. 3.14 maximum postweld heat treatment; Max. PWHT specific heat treatment of a test piece (or specimen) to simulate the maximum thermal cycles possible during fabrication and use Note 1: For test pieces (or specimens) of the same austenitized and tempered heat treatment conditions as the material upon delivery, all heat treatments above 490°C during fabrication are accumulated for the simulated heat treatment, including intermediate stress relief, all postweld heat treatments, one postweld heat treatment after repair by the manufacturer, and at least one postweld heat treatment to be conducted by the user. Note 2: For Cr-Mo and Cr-Mo-V steels, the equivalent holding time may be calculated using the Larson-Miller Parameter for heat treatment not higher than the final postweld heat treatment temperature, and the result shall be approved in writing by the design organization. 3.15 intermediate stress relief; ISR process where the weldment is evenly heated to a certain temperature, held for a certain time, and then evenly cooled before the final postweld heat treatment to eliminate welding residual stress 3.16 pressure vessel designed by simple fatigue analysis pressure vessel which has been successfully applied, approved by the technical director of the design organization to design in accordance with GB/T 150.3, with the fatigue analysis and evaluation supplemented according to the analysis and design, and meets relevant fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance requirements 3.17 weld metal replacement operation involving re-welding after removing the original splicing weld metal of heads (including cones) and other parts and components that have been hot formed after plate splicing 4 General 4.1 Fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance requirements for pressure vessels 4.1.1 Additional requirements shall be imposed on the fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of pressure vessels in different structural forms apart from those for fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of single-layer welded (including tubular cylindrical shell) pressure vessels: a) See Annex A for additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of forged-welded pressure vessels; b) See Annex B for additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of shrink fit pressure vessels; c) See Annex C for additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of wrapped pressure vessels; d) See Annex D for additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of flat steel ribbon wound pressure vessels. 4.1.2 Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of pressure vessels designed to prevent brittle fracture at low temperature are specified in Annex E. 4.1.3 For low temperature pressure vessels made of chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel (designed for temperatures below -196°C), additional requirements for their fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance shall be specified through consultation among the parties involved in the construction and shall be stipulated in the design documents by the design organization. 4.2 Basis for the fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of pressure vessels The fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of pressure vessels shall comply with the following requirements in addition to those in this document and the design documents: a) The fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of heat exchangers, spherical tanks, vertical vessels supported by skirt, and horizontal vessels shall comply with GB/T 151, GB/T 12337, NB/T 47041, and NB/T 47042, respectively. b) The fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of non-ferrous metal liners, surfacing layers, and clad plate coatings for pressure vessels shall comply with JB/T 4734, NB/T 11270, JB/T 4755, JB/T 4756, and NB/T 47011, respectively. 4.3 Raw materials and parts and components (including self-made, outsourced and purchased parts and components) 4.3.1 Raw materials 4.3.1.1 Plates, pipes, forgings, bars and clad plates shall be subject to the following requirements. a) Plates, pipes, forgings, and bars shall comply with the relevant requirements of GB/T 150.2, GB/T 151, GB/T 12337, JB/T 4734, NB/T 11270, JB/T 4755, JB/T 4756, and NB/T 47011. Material suppliers shall provide the heat treatment process parameters for the materials as delivered. When necessary, the pressure vessel manufacturer may specify performance requirements for materials subjected to minimum and/or maximum thermal treatment. b) Clad plates shall comply with NB/T 47002 (all parts). When heat exchange tubes are subject to axial compressive stress, if clad plates are used to manufacture tube sheets, requirements on bonding strength of the clad plates shall be specified and bonding strength tests shall be conducted in accordance with GB/T 6396. c) Non-ferrous metal liners shall be selected in accordance with the relevant provisions of JB/T 4734, NB/T 11270, JB/T 4755, JB/T 4756, and NB/T 47011. 4.3.1.2 Welding materials shall comply with NB/T 47018 (all parts) as well as GB/T 150.2. When necessary, the pressure vessel manufacturer may specify performance requirements for welded materials subjected to simulated minimum and/or maximum thermal treatment. 4.3.2 Parts and components (including self-made, outsourced and purchased parts and components) 4.3.2.1 Additional requirements for heads, in addition to GB/T 25198, are as follows: a) Hard markings shall not be adopted for heads with a thickness not exceeding 6 mm, stainless steel heads, heads for low temperature pressure vessels, and heads for pressure vessels designed by simple fatigue analysis, as well as coatings on heads for clad plates. b) Cold-formed chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel heads shall be tested using a ferrite tester along two mutually perpendicular bus bars, by referring to GB/T 1954. For ellipsoidal heads and dished heads, the test points shall include at least the apex, four points at the small-radius corner, and four points near the port on the straight edge. For conical heads, the test points shall include at least four points near the ports at the large and small ends, respectively, and four points in the middle. For hemispherical heads, the test points shall include at least the apex, four points near the port, and four points between the apex and the port. The measured ferrite content shall comply with the requirements of 8.3.1.4 and 8.3.1.5, and the pressure vessel manufacturer shall re-test each head formed. For heads formed after plate splicing, the test parts shall include the weld seams. c) For heads assembled after being formed in flaps, if the assembly is not completed by the head manufacturer, the head manufacturer shall pre-assemble the heads. The inspection items and results of the pre-assembled heads shall comply with the relevant standards or technical documents for ordering. 4.3.2.2 The flanges of a pressure vessel and their components shall comply with NB/T 47020 to NB/T 47027 and the design documents. 4.3.2.3 The pipe flanges of a pressure vessel and their components shall comply with HG/T 20592 to HG/T 20635 and the design documents. 4.3.2.4 The expansion joints shall comply with GB/T 16749 and the design documents. In addition, cold-formed chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel expansion joints shall be tested using a ferrite tester along four bus bars spaced 90° apart by referring to GB/T 1954. The test points shall include at least the wave crest, wave trough, and the part between the crest and trough. The measured ferrite content shall comply with the requirements of 8.3.1.4 and 8.3.1.5, and the pressure vessel manufacturer shall re-test each expansion joint formed. For expansion joints formed after plate splicing, the test parts shall include the welds. 4.3.2.5 The reinforcing pads shall comply with NB/T 11025 and the design documents. 4.3.2.6 Suppliers of purchased finished parts and components shall provide the pressure vessel manufacturer with complete and authentic product quality certificates. When requested by the pressure vessel manufacturer, the suppliers shall provide the thickness of the steel material used in the finished parts and components. 4.4 Fabrication environment 4.4.1 The fabrication of high alloy steel pressure vessels should be conducted in a clean and relatively independent environment. 4.4.2 The fabrication environment for non-ferrous metal liners shall comply with the relevant provisions of JB/T 4734, NB/T 11270, JB/T 4755, JB/T 4756, and NB/T 47011.

Contents of GB/T 150.1~GB/T 150.4-2024