This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 19073-2008 Gearbox of wind turbine generator systems. The following main technical differences have been made with respect to GB/T 19073-2008:
— The standard name is changed;
— The referenced ISO standards and DIN standards are added to the “Normative reference” (see Clause 2);
— “Terms, definitions and conventions” is added (see Clause 3);
— “Symbols and abbreviations” is added (see Clause 4);
— “Design for reliability” is added (see Clause 5);
— “Drivetrain operating conditions and loads” is added (see Clause 6);
— “Test methods and inspection rules” is replaced by “Design verification” (see Clause 8; Clause 4 of Edition 2008);
— “Operation, service and maintenance requirements” replaces “Installation and use of gearbox in the unit”, “Signs and operating instructions” and “Packaging, transportation and storage” (see Clause 9; Clauses 5 to 7 of Edition 2008);
— “Examples of drivetrain interfaces and loads specifications” replaces “Guide for strength evaluation of main parts of gearbox” (see Annex A; Annex A of Edition 2008);
— “Gearbox design and manufacturing considerations” replaces “Lubrication and monitoring” (see Annex B; Annex B of Edition 2008);
— “Bearing design considerations” replaces “Bearing selection and configuration forms” and “Bearing stress calculation” (see Annex C; Annex C of Edition 2008);
— “Considerations for gearbox structural elements” replaces “Bearing stress calculation” (see Annex D; Annex D of Edition 2008);
— “Recommendations for lubricant performance in wind turbine” replaces “Quality assurance” (see Annex E; Annex E of Edition 2008);
— “Design verification documentation” is added (see Annex F);
— “Bearing calculation documentation” is added (see Annex G).
This standard is identical to IEC 61400-4: 2012 Wind turbines — Part 4: Design requirements for wind turbine gearboxes (English version) by means of translation.
The Chinese documents consistent and corresponding with the normative international documents in this standard are as follows:
— GB/T 3505-2009 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — Terms definitions and surface texture parameters (ISO 4287:1997, IDT)
— GB/T 4662-2012 Rolling bearings — Static load ratings (ISO 76:2006, IDT)
— GB/T 6379.2-2004 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method (ISO 5725-2:1994, IDT)
— GB/T 6404.1-2005 Acceptance code for gear units — Part 1: Test code for airborne sound (ISO 8579-1:2002, IDT)
— GB/Z 6413.1-2003 Calculation method of bonding bearing capacity of cylindrical gears, bevel gears and hypoid gears Part 1: Flash temperature method (ISO/TR 13989-1:2000, IDT)
— GB/Z 6413.2-2003 Calculation of scuffing load capacity of cylindrical, bevel and hypoid gears — Part 2:Integral temperature method (ISO/TR 13989-2:2000, IDT)
— GB/T 10095.1-2008 Cylindrical gears — System of accuracy — Part 1: Definitions and allowable values of deviations relevant to corresponding flanks of gear teeth (ISO 1328-1:1995, IDT)
— GB/T 10610-2009 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — Rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture (ISO 4288-1:1996, IDT)
— GB/T 14039 2002 Hydraulic Fluid Power — Fluids — Method for Coding the Level of Contamination by Solid Particles (ISO 4406:1999, MOD)
— GB/T 17879-1999 Gears — Surface temper etch inspection after grinding (ISO 14104: 1995, IDT)
— GB/Z 18620.3-2008 Cylindrical gears — Code of inspection practice — Part 3: Recommendations relative to gear blanks shaft centre distance and parallelism of axes (ISO/TR 10064-3:1996, IDT)
— GB/Z 19414-2003 Enclosed gear drives for industrial applications (ISO/TR 13593:1999, IDT)
— GB/Z 25426-2010 Wind turbine generator systems measurement of mechanical loads (IEC/TS 61400-13:2001, MOD)
— GB/T 31517-2015 Design requirements for offshore wind turbines (IEC 61400-3:2009, IDT)
The following editorial modifications are made in this standard:
— Modification of the standard name;
— Correction of missing references to ISO 10474, EN 10204, ISO 8579-1 and ISO 8579-2 in Clause 2.
This standard was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Wind Power Machinery of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 50).
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
— GB/T 19073-1993 and GB/T 19073-2008.
Wind turbine — Design requirements for gearbox
1 Scope
This standard is applicable to enclosed speed increasing gearboxes for horizontal axis wind turbine drivetrains with a power rating in excess of 500 kW. This standard applies to wind turbines installed onshore or offshore.
This standard provides guidance on the analysis of the wind turbine loads in relation to the design of the gear and gearbox elements.
The gearing elements covered by this standard include such gears as spur, helical or double helical and their combinations in parallel and epicyclic arrangements in the main power path. This standard does not apply to power take off gears (PTO).
The standard is based on gearbox designs using rolling element bearings. Use of plain bearings is permissible under this standard, but the use and rating of them is not covered.
Also included is guidance on the engineering of shafts, shaft hub interfaces, bearings and the gear case structure in the development of a fully integrated design that meets the rigours of the operating conditions.
Lubrication of the transmission is covered along with prototype and production testing. Finally, guidance is provided on the operation and maintenance of the gearbox.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 3480.5-2008 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 5: Strength and quality of materials (ISO 6336-5:2003, IDT)
GB/T 6391-2010 Rolling bearings — Dynamic load ratings and rating life (ISO 281:2007, IDT)
GB/T 18451.1-2012 Wind turbine generator systems — Design requirements (IEC 61400-1:2005, IDT)
GB/T 19936.1-2005 Gears — FZG test procedures — Part1: FZG test method A/8.3/90 for relative scuffing load-carrying capacity of oils (ISO 14635-1:2000, IDT)
GB/T 24611-2009 Rolling bearings — Damage and failures — Terms, characteristics and causes (ISO 15243:2004, IDT)
IEC 60050 (All Parts) International electrotechnical vocabulary, quoted from http://electrotedia.org.
IEC 61400-3 Wind turbines — Part 3: Design requirements for offshore wind turbines
IEC/TS 61400-13:2001 Wind turbine generator systems — Part 13: Measurement of mechanical loads
IEC 61400-22:2010 Wind turbines — Part 22: Conformity testing and certification
ISO 76 Rolling bearings — Static load ratings
ISO 683 (All Parts) Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels
ISO 1328-1 Cylindrical gears — ISO system of accuracy — Part 1: Definitions and allowable values of deviations relevant to corresponding flanks of gear teeth
ISO 4287 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — terms, definitions and surface texture parameters
ISO 4288 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture
ISO 4406 Hydraulic fluid power — Fluids — Method for coding the level of contamination by solid particles
ISO 5725-2 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic methods for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method
ISO 6336 (All Parts) Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears
ISO 6336-1:2006 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 1: Basicprinciples, introduction and general influence factors
ISO 6336-2:2006 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 2: Calculation of surface durability (pitting)
ISO 6336-3:2006 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending strength
ISO 6336-6:2006 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 6: Calculation of service life under variable load
ISO 8579-1 Acceptance code for gear units — Part 1: Test code for airborne sound
ISO 8579-2 Acceptance code for gears — Part 2: Determination of mechanical vibrations of gear units during acceptance testing
ISO/TR 10064-3 Cylindrical gears — Code of inspection practice — Part 3: Recommendations relative to gear blanks, shaft centre distance and parallelism of axes
ISO 10474 Steel and steel products — Inspection documents
ISO 12925-1 Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L). Family C (Gears) — Part 1: Specifications for lubricants for enclosed gear systems
ISO/TR 13593 Enclosed gear drives for industrial applications
ISO/TR 13989-1 Calculation of scuffing load capacity of cylindrical, bevel and hypoid gears — Part 1: Flash temperature method
ISO/TR 13989-2 Calculation of scuffing load capacity of cylindrical, bevel and hypoid gears — Part 2: Integral temperature method
ISO 14104 Gears — Surface temper etch inspection after grinding
ISO/TS 16281:2008 Rolling bearings — Methods for calculating the modified reference rating life for universally loaded bearings
AGMA 9005 Industrial gear lubrication
ANSI/AGMA 925-A02 Effect of lubrication on gear surface distress
ANSI/AGMA 6001-E10 Design and selection of components for enclosed gear drives
ANSI/AGMA 6123 Design manual for enclosed epicyclic gear drives
ASTM E1049-85 Standard practices for cycle counting in fatigue analysis
DIN 471 Circlips (retaining rings) for shafts: Normal type and heavy type
DIN 472 Circlips (retaining rings) for bores: Normal type and heavy type
DIN 743-2000 Shafts and axles, calculations of load capacity, Parts 1, 2, 3
DIN 3990-4 Calculation of load capacity of cylindrical gears: calculation of scuffing load capacity
DIN 6885-2 Parallel Key Geometries
DIN 6892 Mitnehmerverbindungen ohne Anzug — Passfedern — Berechnung und Gestaltung)
DIN 7190 Interference fits — Calculation and design rules
DIN 51517-3 Lubricants: Lubricating oils — Part 3: Lubricating oils CLP; Minimum requirements
EN 10204:2004 Metallic products—Types of inspection documents
EN 12680-3:2003 Ultrasonic examination—Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings
3 Terms, definitions and conventions
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 18451.1-2012 and IEC 60050-415 and the following apply.
Note: The definitions in this standard take precedence.
3.1.1
bearing manufacturer
legal entity supplying bearings for the wind turbine gearbox, and who is responsible for the design and the application engineering of the bearing
Note 1 to entry: Typically, the bearing supplier will also manufacture the bearing.
3.1.2
certification body
entity that conducts certification of conformity of the wind turbine gearbox in accordance with IEC 61 400-22
3.1.3
characteristic load
load value having a prescribed probability of not being exceeded
Note 1 to entry: See also 3.1.5, design load.
3.1.4
design lifetime
specified duration for which strength verification shall be performed
Note 1 to entry: Some serviceable components and wear parts may have a lower design lifetime than the one specified for the entire gearbox.
3.1.5
design load
load for which the strength of any component has to be documented
Note 1 to entry: It consists of the characteristic load multiplied by the appropriate partial safety factor for load.
Note 2 to entry: See also GB/T 18451.1-2012 and Clause 6.
3.1.6
double-row bearings
rolling bearings with two rows of rolling elements
3.1.7
equivalent load
load which when repeated for a specified number of cycles causes the same damage as the actual load variation if a specified life exponent applies
Note 1 to entry: When applied to load ranges, the equivalent load is not equal to the average load value of all load cycles.
3.1.8
extreme load
that design load from any source, either operating or non-operating, that is the largest absolute value of the respective load component
Note 1 to entry: This component can be a force, a moment, a torque or a combination of these.
3.1.9
gearbox manufacturer
the entity responsible for designing the gearbox, and specifying manufacturing requirements for the gearbox and its components
Note 1 to entry: In reality, several legal entities may be involved in this process, which is not further reflected in this standard.
3.1.10
interface
defined boundary of the gearbox that is either a physical mount to another wind turbine subcomponent or a path of exchange such as control signals, hydraulic fluid, or lubricant
3.1.11
load reserve factor
LRF
ratio of the design load to the maximum allowable load on a specific component
Note 1 to entry: LRF can be determined separately for both the ultimate and fatigue strength calculation.
3.1.12
local failure
failure which occurs when at a critical location, the maximum allowable strain is exceeded
3.1.13
locating bearing fixed bearing
bearing supporting axial forces in both directions
3.1.14
lubricant supplier
legal entity supplying lubricants for the wind turbine gearbox through either the wind turbine manufacturer, the gearbox manufacturer, or the wind turbine owner
Note 1 to entry: The lubricant supplier is responsible for the performance of the lubricant and the blending specifications, but will not necessarily produce any of the components, or blend the final product.
3.1.15
maximum operating load
highest load determined by the design load cases used in fatigue analysis as defined in GB/T 18451.1-2012, including partial load safety factor as applicable in accordance with GB/T 18451.1-2012
3.1.16
nacelle
turbine structure above the tower that holds the drivetrain, generator, other subcomponents, and parts of the controls and actuation systems
3.1.17
non-locating bearing
floating bearing
bearing supporting only radial load
3.1.18
paired bearings
two bearings of the same type at the same location
Note 1 to entry: These can be arranged so that their radial capacities complement and their axial capacities are opposite (e.g., two TRB or two ACBB in face-to-face or back-to-back arrangement), or they can be two bearings in tandem to increase both radial and axial load carrying capacities (see C.7).
3.1.19
rainflow matrices
representation of fatigue loads using a two dimensional matrix containing counts of cycle occurrence within sub-ranges of cyclic means and amplitudes
Note 1 to entry: See A.4.3
3.1.20
time series
set of time sequences of loads, describing different operational regimes of the wind turbine
Note 1 to entry: These time series together with their corresponding occurrences specify the load history during the entire design lifetime.
3.1.21
wind turbine manufacturer
entity responsible for specifying the requirements for the gearbox designed in accordance with this standard
Note 1 to entry: Typically, the wind turbine manufacturer will design, manufacture and market the wind turbine.
3.1.22
wind turbine owner
entity who purchases and is responsible for operating the wind turbine
Note 1 to entry: In reality, the owner may contract different legal entities to operate, service and maintain the wind turbine. This distinction is not further reflected in this standard.
3.2 Conventions
3.2.1 Bearing position designations
The following abbreviations can be used to define bearing positions (shaft designations are defined in 3.2.2):
● RS: rotor side (normally upwind);
● GS: generator side (normally downwind).
In case of paired bearings the following can be used:
● IB: inboard (pointing inwards related to the shaft);
● OB: outboard (pointing outwards related to the shaft)
3.2.2 Shaft designations — examples for typical wind turbine gearbox architecture
Figure 1 shows the designations of shafts in 3-stage parallel shaft gearboxes. In 4-stage gearboxes, the intermediate shafts are called “low speed intermediate shaft”, “medium speed intermediate shaft”, and “high speed intermediate shaft”.
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and conventions
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Conventions
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
4.2 Abbreviations
5 Design for reliability
5.1 Design lifetime and reliability
5.2 Design process
5.3 Documentation
5.4 Quality plan
6 Drivetrain operating conditions and loads
6.1 Drivetrain description
6.2 Deriving drivetrain loads
6.3 Results from wind turbine load calculations
6.4 Operating conditions
6.5 Drivetrain analysis
7 Gearbox design, rating, and manufacturing requirements
7.1 Gearbox cooling
7.2 Gears
7.3 Bearings
7.4 Shafts, keys, housing joints, splines and fasteners
7.5 Structural elements
7.6 Lubrication
8 Design verification
8.1 General
8.2 Test planning
8.3 Workshop prototype testing
8.4 Field test
8.5 Production testing
8.6 Robustness test
8.7 Field lubricant temperature and cleanliness
8.8 Bearing specific validation
8.9 Test documentation
9 Operation, service and maintenance requirements
9.1 Service and maintenance requirements
9.2 Inspection Requirements
9.3 Commissioning and run-in
9.4 Transport, handling and storage
9.5 Repair
9.6 Installation and exchange
9.7 Condition monitoring
9.8 Lubrication
9.9 Operations and maintenance documentation
Annex A (Informative) Examples of drivetrain interfaces and loads specifications
Annex B (Informative) Gearbox design and manufacturing considerations
Annex C (Informative) Bearing design considerations
Annex D (Informative) Considerations for gearbox structural elements design
Annex E (Informative) Recommendations for lubricant performance in wind turbine gearboxes
Annex F (Informative) Design verification documentation
Annex G (Informative) Bearing calculation documentation
Bibliography
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 19073-2008 Gearbox of wind turbine generator systems. The following main technical differences have been made with respect to GB/T 19073-2008:
— The standard name is changed;
— The referenced ISO standards and DIN standards are added to the “Normative reference” (see Clause 2);
— “Terms, definitions and conventions” is added (see Clause 3);
— “Symbols and abbreviations” is added (see Clause 4);
— “Design for reliability” is added (see Clause 5);
— “Drivetrain operating conditions and loads” is added (see Clause 6);
— “Test methods and inspection rules” is replaced by “Design verification” (see Clause 8; Clause 4 of Edition 2008);
— “Operation, service and maintenance requirements” replaces “Installation and use of gearbox in the unit”, “Signs and operating instructions” and “Packaging, transportation and storage” (see Clause 9; Clauses 5 to 7 of Edition 2008);
— “Examples of drivetrain interfaces and loads specifications” replaces “Guide for strength evaluation of main parts of gearbox” (see Annex A; Annex A of Edition 2008);
— “Gearbox design and manufacturing considerations” replaces “Lubrication and monitoring” (see Annex B; Annex B of Edition 2008);
— “Bearing design considerations” replaces “Bearing selection and configuration forms” and “Bearing stress calculation” (see Annex C; Annex C of Edition 2008);
— “Considerations for gearbox structural elements” replaces “Bearing stress calculation” (see Annex D; Annex D of Edition 2008);
— “Recommendations for lubricant performance in wind turbine” replaces “Quality assurance” (see Annex E; Annex E of Edition 2008);
— “Design verification documentation” is added (see Annex F);
— “Bearing calculation documentation” is added (see Annex G).
This standard is identical to IEC 61400-4: 2012 Wind turbines — Part 4: Design requirements for wind turbine gearboxes (English version) by means of translation.
The Chinese documents consistent and corresponding with the normative international documents in this standard are as follows:
— GB/T 3505-2009 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — Terms definitions and surface texture parameters (ISO 4287:1997, IDT)
— GB/T 4662-2012 Rolling bearings — Static load ratings (ISO 76:2006, IDT)
— GB/T 6379.2-2004 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method (ISO 5725-2:1994, IDT)
— GB/T 6404.1-2005 Acceptance code for gear units — Part 1: Test code for airborne sound (ISO 8579-1:2002, IDT)
— GB/Z 6413.1-2003 Calculation method of bonding bearing capacity of cylindrical gears, bevel gears and hypoid gears Part 1: Flash temperature method (ISO/TR 13989-1:2000, IDT)
— GB/Z 6413.2-2003 Calculation of scuffing load capacity of cylindrical, bevel and hypoid gears — Part 2:Integral temperature method (ISO/TR 13989-2:2000, IDT)
— GB/T 10095.1-2008 Cylindrical gears — System of accuracy — Part 1: Definitions and allowable values of deviations relevant to corresponding flanks of gear teeth (ISO 1328-1:1995, IDT)
— GB/T 10610-2009 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — Rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture (ISO 4288-1:1996, IDT)
— GB/T 14039 2002 Hydraulic Fluid Power — Fluids — Method for Coding the Level of Contamination by Solid Particles (ISO 4406:1999, MOD)
— GB/T 17879-1999 Gears — Surface temper etch inspection after grinding (ISO 14104: 1995, IDT)
— GB/Z 18620.3-2008 Cylindrical gears — Code of inspection practice — Part 3: Recommendations relative to gear blanks shaft centre distance and parallelism of axes (ISO/TR 10064-3:1996, IDT)
— GB/Z 19414-2003 Enclosed gear drives for industrial applications (ISO/TR 13593:1999, IDT)
— GB/Z 25426-2010 Wind turbine generator systems measurement of mechanical loads (IEC/TS 61400-13:2001, MOD)
— GB/T 31517-2015 Design requirements for offshore wind turbines (IEC 61400-3:2009, IDT)
The following editorial modifications are made in this standard:
— Modification of the standard name;
— Correction of missing references to ISO 10474, EN 10204, ISO 8579-1 and ISO 8579-2 in Clause 2.
This standard was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Wind Power Machinery of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 50).
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
— GB/T 19073-1993 and GB/T 19073-2008.
Wind turbine — Design requirements for gearbox
1 Scope
This standard is applicable to enclosed speed increasing gearboxes for horizontal axis wind turbine drivetrains with a power rating in excess of 500 kW. This standard applies to wind turbines installed onshore or offshore.
This standard provides guidance on the analysis of the wind turbine loads in relation to the design of the gear and gearbox elements.
The gearing elements covered by this standard include such gears as spur, helical or double helical and their combinations in parallel and epicyclic arrangements in the main power path. This standard does not apply to power take off gears (PTO).
The standard is based on gearbox designs using rolling element bearings. Use of plain bearings is permissible under this standard, but the use and rating of them is not covered.
Also included is guidance on the engineering of shafts, shaft hub interfaces, bearings and the gear case structure in the development of a fully integrated design that meets the rigours of the operating conditions.
Lubrication of the transmission is covered along with prototype and production testing. Finally, guidance is provided on the operation and maintenance of the gearbox.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 3480.5-2008 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 5: Strength and quality of materials (ISO 6336-5:2003, IDT)
GB/T 6391-2010 Rolling bearings — Dynamic load ratings and rating life (ISO 281:2007, IDT)
GB/T 18451.1-2012 Wind turbine generator systems — Design requirements (IEC 61400-1:2005, IDT)
GB/T 19936.1-2005 Gears — FZG test procedures — Part1: FZG test method A/8.3/90 for relative scuffing load-carrying capacity of oils (ISO 14635-1:2000, IDT)
GB/T 24611-2009 Rolling bearings — Damage and failures — Terms, characteristics and causes (ISO 15243:2004, IDT)
IEC 60050 (All Parts) International electrotechnical vocabulary, quoted from http://electrotedia.org.
IEC 61400-3 Wind turbines — Part 3: Design requirements for offshore wind turbines
IEC/TS 61400-13:2001 Wind turbine generator systems — Part 13: Measurement of mechanical loads
IEC 61400-22:2010 Wind turbines — Part 22: Conformity testing and certification
ISO 76 Rolling bearings — Static load ratings
ISO 683 (All Parts) Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels
ISO 1328-1 Cylindrical gears — ISO system of accuracy — Part 1: Definitions and allowable values of deviations relevant to corresponding flanks of gear teeth
ISO 4287 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — terms, definitions and surface texture parameters
ISO 4288 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture
ISO 4406 Hydraulic fluid power — Fluids — Method for coding the level of contamination by solid particles
ISO 5725-2 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic methods for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method
ISO 6336 (All Parts) Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears
ISO 6336-1:2006 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 1: Basicprinciples, introduction and general influence factors
ISO 6336-2:2006 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 2: Calculation of surface durability (pitting)
ISO 6336-3:2006 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending strength
ISO 6336-6:2006 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 6: Calculation of service life under variable load
ISO 8579-1 Acceptance code for gear units — Part 1: Test code for airborne sound
ISO 8579-2 Acceptance code for gears — Part 2: Determination of mechanical vibrations of gear units during acceptance testing
ISO/TR 10064-3 Cylindrical gears — Code of inspection practice — Part 3: Recommendations relative to gear blanks, shaft centre distance and parallelism of axes
ISO 10474 Steel and steel products — Inspection documents
ISO 12925-1 Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L). Family C (Gears) — Part 1: Specifications for lubricants for enclosed gear systems
ISO/TR 13593 Enclosed gear drives for industrial applications
ISO/TR 13989-1 Calculation of scuffing load capacity of cylindrical, bevel and hypoid gears — Part 1: Flash temperature method
ISO/TR 13989-2 Calculation of scuffing load capacity of cylindrical, bevel and hypoid gears — Part 2: Integral temperature method
ISO 14104 Gears — Surface temper etch inspection after grinding
ISO/TS 16281:2008 Rolling bearings — Methods for calculating the modified reference rating life for universally loaded bearings
AGMA 9005 Industrial gear lubrication
ANSI/AGMA 925-A02 Effect of lubrication on gear surface distress
ANSI/AGMA 6001-E10 Design and selection of components for enclosed gear drives
ANSI/AGMA 6123 Design manual for enclosed epicyclic gear drives
ASTM E1049-85 Standard practices for cycle counting in fatigue analysis
DIN 471 Circlips (retaining rings) for shafts: Normal type and heavy type
DIN 472 Circlips (retaining rings) for bores: Normal type and heavy type
DIN 743-2000 Shafts and axles, calculations of load capacity, Parts 1, 2, 3
DIN 3990-4 Calculation of load capacity of cylindrical gears: calculation of scuffing load capacity
DIN 6885-2 Parallel Key Geometries
DIN 6892 Mitnehmerverbindungen ohne Anzug — Passfedern — Berechnung und Gestaltung)
DIN 7190 Interference fits — Calculation and design rules
DIN 51517-3 Lubricants: Lubricating oils — Part 3: Lubricating oils CLP; Minimum requirements
EN 10204:2004 Metallic products—Types of inspection documents
EN 12680-3:2003 Ultrasonic examination—Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings
3 Terms, definitions and conventions
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 18451.1-2012 and IEC 60050-415 and the following apply.
Note: The definitions in this standard take precedence.
3.1.1
bearing manufacturer
legal entity supplying bearings for the wind turbine gearbox, and who is responsible for the design and the application engineering of the bearing
Note 1 to entry: Typically, the bearing supplier will also manufacture the bearing.
3.1.2
certification body
entity that conducts certification of conformity of the wind turbine gearbox in accordance with IEC 61 400-22
3.1.3
characteristic load
load value having a prescribed probability of not being exceeded
Note 1 to entry: See also 3.1.5, design load.
3.1.4
design lifetime
specified duration for which strength verification shall be performed
Note 1 to entry: Some serviceable components and wear parts may have a lower design lifetime than the one specified for the entire gearbox.
3.1.5
design load
load for which the strength of any component has to be documented
Note 1 to entry: It consists of the characteristic load multiplied by the appropriate partial safety factor for load.
Note 2 to entry: See also GB/T 18451.1-2012 and Clause 6.
3.1.6
double-row bearings
rolling bearings with two rows of rolling elements
3.1.7
equivalent load
load which when repeated for a specified number of cycles causes the same damage as the actual load variation if a specified life exponent applies
Note 1 to entry: When applied to load ranges, the equivalent load is not equal to the average load value of all load cycles.
3.1.8
extreme load
that design load from any source, either operating or non-operating, that is the largest absolute value of the respective load component
Note 1 to entry: This component can be a force, a moment, a torque or a combination of these.
3.1.9
gearbox manufacturer
the entity responsible for designing the gearbox, and specifying manufacturing requirements for the gearbox and its components
Note 1 to entry: In reality, several legal entities may be involved in this process, which is not further reflected in this standard.
3.1.10
interface
defined boundary of the gearbox that is either a physical mount to another wind turbine subcomponent or a path of exchange such as control signals, hydraulic fluid, or lubricant
3.1.11
load reserve factor
LRF
ratio of the design load to the maximum allowable load on a specific component
Note 1 to entry: LRF can be determined separately for both the ultimate and fatigue strength calculation.
3.1.12
local failure
failure which occurs when at a critical location, the maximum allowable strain is exceeded
3.1.13
locating bearing fixed bearing
bearing supporting axial forces in both directions
3.1.14
lubricant supplier
legal entity supplying lubricants for the wind turbine gearbox through either the wind turbine manufacturer, the gearbox manufacturer, or the wind turbine owner
Note 1 to entry: The lubricant supplier is responsible for the performance of the lubricant and the blending specifications, but will not necessarily produce any of the components, or blend the final product.
3.1.15
maximum operating load
highest load determined by the design load cases used in fatigue analysis as defined in GB/T 18451.1-2012, including partial load safety factor as applicable in accordance with GB/T 18451.1-2012
3.1.16
nacelle
turbine structure above the tower that holds the drivetrain, generator, other subcomponents, and parts of the controls and actuation systems
3.1.17
non-locating bearing
floating bearing
bearing supporting only radial load
3.1.18
paired bearings
two bearings of the same type at the same location
Note 1 to entry: These can be arranged so that their radial capacities complement and their axial capacities are opposite (e.g., two TRB or two ACBB in face-to-face or back-to-back arrangement), or they can be two bearings in tandem to increase both radial and axial load carrying capacities (see C.7).
3.1.19
rainflow matrices
representation of fatigue loads using a two dimensional matrix containing counts of cycle occurrence within sub-ranges of cyclic means and amplitudes
Note 1 to entry: See A.4.3
3.1.20
time series
set of time sequences of loads, describing different operational regimes of the wind turbine
Note 1 to entry: These time series together with their corresponding occurrences specify the load history during the entire design lifetime.
3.1.21
wind turbine manufacturer
entity responsible for specifying the requirements for the gearbox designed in accordance with this standard
Note 1 to entry: Typically, the wind turbine manufacturer will design, manufacture and market the wind turbine.
3.1.22
wind turbine owner
entity who purchases and is responsible for operating the wind turbine
Note 1 to entry: In reality, the owner may contract different legal entities to operate, service and maintain the wind turbine. This distinction is not further reflected in this standard.
3.2 Conventions
3.2.1 Bearing position designations
The following abbreviations can be used to define bearing positions (shaft designations are defined in 3.2.2):
● RS: rotor side (normally upwind);
● GS: generator side (normally downwind).
In case of paired bearings the following can be used:
● IB: inboard (pointing inwards related to the shaft);
● OB: outboard (pointing outwards related to the shaft)
3.2.2 Shaft designations — examples for typical wind turbine gearbox architecture
Figure 1 shows the designations of shafts in 3-stage parallel shaft gearboxes. In 4-stage gearboxes, the intermediate shafts are called “low speed intermediate shaft”, “medium speed intermediate shaft”, and “high speed intermediate shaft”.
Contents of GB/T 19073-2018
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and conventions
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Conventions
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
4.2 Abbreviations
5 Design for reliability
5.1 Design lifetime and reliability
5.2 Design process
5.3 Documentation
5.4 Quality plan
6 Drivetrain operating conditions and loads
6.1 Drivetrain description
6.2 Deriving drivetrain loads
6.3 Results from wind turbine load calculations
6.4 Operating conditions
6.5 Drivetrain analysis
7 Gearbox design, rating, and manufacturing requirements
7.1 Gearbox cooling
7.2 Gears
7.3 Bearings
7.4 Shafts, keys, housing joints, splines and fasteners
7.5 Structural elements
7.6 Lubrication
8 Design verification
8.1 General
8.2 Test planning
8.3 Workshop prototype testing
8.4 Field test
8.5 Production testing
8.6 Robustness test
8.7 Field lubricant temperature and cleanliness
8.8 Bearing specific validation
8.9 Test documentation
9 Operation, service and maintenance requirements
9.1 Service and maintenance requirements
9.2 Inspection Requirements
9.3 Commissioning and run-in
9.4 Transport, handling and storage
9.5 Repair
9.6 Installation and exchange
9.7 Condition monitoring
9.8 Lubrication
9.9 Operations and maintenance documentation
Annex A (Informative) Examples of drivetrain interfaces and loads specifications
Annex B (Informative) Gearbox design and manufacturing considerations
Annex C (Informative) Bearing design considerations
Annex D (Informative) Considerations for gearbox structural elements design
Annex E (Informative) Recommendations for lubricant performance in wind turbine gearboxes
Annex F (Informative) Design verification documentation
Annex G (Informative) Bearing calculation documentation
Bibliography
