1 Scope
1.1 This standard specifies the standard reference conditions, calibration and test methods of power, fuel consumption and oil consumption of commercial internal combustion engines using liquid or gaseous fuels. Applicable to:
a) Reciprocating internal combustion engines (spark ignition or compression ignition engines), but excluding free piston engines;
b) Rotary piston engine.
These engines can be naturally aspirated or supercharged using a supercharger or turbocharger.
1.2 This standard is applicable to engines for the following purposes:
a) Land, rail traction and marine engines defined in GB/T6072.1;
b) Vehicle engines defined in ISO1585 and ISO2534;
c) Engines for motorcycles as defined in ISO4106;
d) Engines for agricultural tractors and machinery as defined in ISO2288;
e) Engines for earth moving machinery as defined in ISO9294;
f) Engines for small ships with hull length no more than 24m, such as yachts defined in ISO8665.
This standard can also be applied to road construction machinery, industrial trucks and other engines for which there is no suitable standard at present.
1.3 The relevant "satellite" standards give separate requirements for a specific purpose engine. Only when this "core" standard is used together with relevant "satellite" standards can the relevant requirements of engines for a certain purpose be fully specified.
2 Normative References
The clauses in the following documents become clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For dated reference documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated references, the latest version is applicable to this standard.
GB/T 1883.1-2005 Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines Vocabulary Part 1: Engine Design and Operation Terms (ISO 2710-1:2000, IDT)
GB/T 6072.4-2000 Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines - Performance - Part 4: Governing (IDT, ISO 3046-4:1997)
GB/T 6072.5-2003 Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines - Performance - Part 5: Torsional Vibration (ISO 3046-5:2001, IDT)
GB/T 6072.6-2000 Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines - Performance - Part 6: Overspeed Protection (IDT, ISO 3046-6:1990)
GB/T 21405-2008 Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine Power Determination and Measurement Methods Additional Requirements for Exhaust Pollutants Emission Test
ISO 1585:1992 Road vehicle engine test specifications Net power
ISO 2288:1997 Agricultural tractors and machinery - Test specifications for engines - Net power
Road vehicles - Engine test specifications - Total power
Petroleum products - Determination of the kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids and calculation of dynamic viscosity - Laboratory determination of the density of crude oil and liquid petroleum products - Petroleum densitometer method - Test code for motorcycle engines - Determination of the antiknock properties of fuels for automotive and aviation purposes - Motor method 1) has been repealed.
Determination of knock characteristics Research method Determination of ignition performance of diesel fuels Cetane number method Measurement and calibration of power of marine engines and systems Test code for engines Net power
ISO11614:1999 Reciprocating compression ignition internal combustion engine exhaust opacity tester and light absorption coefficient tester
ASTMD240-00 Standard Test Method for Determination of Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
ASTMD3338-00 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Low Heat Value of Aviation Fuels
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are used in this standard.
Note: This standard also contains some definitions in GB/T1883.1, GB/T6072.4 and ISO7876-1.
three point one
Auxiliaries and equipment
3.1.1
Dependent auxiliary
Equipments that will affect the engine terminal shaft power output are installed or not installed.
3.1.2
Independent auxiliary device
Equipment powered by energy other than engine.
3.1.3
Essential auxiliary device
Equipment necessary for continuous or repeated use of the engine.
3.1.4
Non essential auxiliary device
Equipment that is not necessary for continuous or repeated use of the engine.
3.1.5
Standard production equipment SPE
Equipment specified by the manufacturer for a specific engine and configured on the engine as standard parts.
three point two
Engine
3.2.1
Engine adjustment
The specific steps to modify the engine in order to provide power adapted to different environmental conditions, such as moving the fuel quantity limiter, re matching the turbocharger, changing the injection timing or other structural changes.
Note: Once the modification is completed, the engine becomes the adjusted engine,
3.2.2
Non adjustable engine
Engines that have been set in advance and do not need to take specific steps to adapt to different environmental conditions.
3.2.3
Engine speed
The number of revolutions of the crankshaft in a given period of time.
[GB/T1883.1]
3.2.4
Declared engine speed
The engine speed corresponding to the rated power.
[GB/T1883.1]
Note: In some applications, the rated speed of the engine is called "rated speed".
3.2.5
Declared intermediate engine speed
The manufacturer takes into account the specific requirements specified in the relevant "satellite" standards and calibrates the engine speed less than 100% of the calibrated speed.
3.2.6
Low engine speed Idle idling speed
Minimum stable engine speed with no load.
[GB/T1883.1]
3.2.7
Engine speed at maximum torque
The speed at which the engine operates at the maximum torque at the maximum fuel limit position (including additional torque fuel correction, if any).
[GB/T6072.4]
three point three
Power and load
3.3.1
Declaredpower
The power value that the engine can emit under certain environmental conditions, which is calibrated by the manufacturer.
Note: In some applications, the rated power is also called "rated power".
3.3.1.1
Declared propeller shaft power
The power output value calibrated by the manufacturer at the propeller shaft sold together with the complete propulsion device or on the coupling of the propeller shaft sold together with the reducer and/or reversing mechanism.
3.3.1.2
Declared crankshaft power
The power output value on the power output shaft of the engine calibrated by the manufacturer and sold without the reducer or reversing mechanism, stern drive device or navigation drive device.
3.3.2
Indicated power
The total power generated by the working medium pressure acting on the piston in the working cylinder.
[GB/T1883.1]
3.3.3
Effective power brakepower
When equipped with the equipment and auxiliary devices required by the relevant "satellite" standards, the sum of the power or power output at the end of the crankshaft or its equivalent parts.
The equipment and auxiliary devices to be installed for engine power test are shown in Table 1.
4 Symbols
Formulas (1) to (11) of this standard and symbols used in relevant "satellite" standards are listed in Table 2. The footnotes are listed in Table 3.
The symbols and footnotes of the measurement parameters used in this standard are listed in Table 4.
5 Standard benchmark status
In order to determine the power and fuel consumption of the engine, the following standard reference conditions shall be adopted: total air pressure z, 100kPa;
Air temperature: T,=298K (t,=25 ℃); Relative humidity: 30%;
Temperature of supercharging intercooling medium: Tc,=298K (tcr=25 ℃).
Note 2 When the temperature is 298K and the relative humidity is 30%, the corresponding partial pressure of water vapor is 1kPa. The corresponding dry air pressure is 99kPa.
6 Test
6.1 General
There are two test procedures for engines, called Method 1 and Method 2. Depending on the specific use of the engine, the applicable method is specified in the relevant "satellite" standard.
6.2 Test method 1
6.2.1 General
This test method is used to check whether the calibration parameters of an engine meet the contract requirements. This test method determines the requirements for acceptance test, type test and/or special test when the engine is installed on the test bench of the manufacturer or on the site.
If necessary, acceptance test shall be included in the contract. The type test and/or special test shall be jointly agreed by the manufacturer and the customer.
6.2.4 Measurement technology
6.2.4.1 Measurement method
6.2.4.3 The measurement methods, measurement parameter symbols and units used in acceptance test and type approval test are described.
6.2.4.2 Data storage
The printed and/or stored measured or recorded data shall be displayed during the test.
6.2.5 Test conditions
6.2.5.1 The manufacturer shall submit the necessary technical documents related to the engine type and use before the engine test upon mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the customer.
6.2.5.2 Before any acceptance test or type test, the manufacturer shall conduct running in and pre-test for the engine for enough time.
6.2.6 Test procedure
6.2.6.1 Acceptance test
7 Power correction method
8 Smoke measurement and correction of compression ignition (diesel) engine
9 Trial translation report
Bibliography
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Symbols
5 Standard benchmark status
6 Test
7 Power correction method
8 Smoke measurement and correction of compression ignition (diesel) engine
9 Trial translation report
Bibliography
1 Scope
1.1 This standard specifies the standard reference conditions, calibration and test methods of power, fuel consumption and oil consumption of commercial internal combustion engines using liquid or gaseous fuels. Applicable to:
a) Reciprocating internal combustion engines (spark ignition or compression ignition engines), but excluding free piston engines;
b) Rotary piston engine.
These engines can be naturally aspirated or supercharged using a supercharger or turbocharger.
1.2 This standard is applicable to engines for the following purposes:
a) Land, rail traction and marine engines defined in GB/T6072.1;
b) Vehicle engines defined in ISO1585 and ISO2534;
c) Engines for motorcycles as defined in ISO4106;
d) Engines for agricultural tractors and machinery as defined in ISO2288;
e) Engines for earth moving machinery as defined in ISO9294;
f) Engines for small ships with hull length no more than 24m, such as yachts defined in ISO8665.
This standard can also be applied to road construction machinery, industrial trucks and other engines for which there is no suitable standard at present.
1.3 The relevant "satellite" standards give separate requirements for a specific purpose engine. Only when this "core" standard is used together with relevant "satellite" standards can the relevant requirements of engines for a certain purpose be fully specified.
2 Normative References
The clauses in the following documents become clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For dated reference documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated references, the latest version is applicable to this standard.
GB/T 1883.1-2005 Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines Vocabulary Part 1: Engine Design and Operation Terms (ISO 2710-1:2000, IDT)
GB/T 6072.4-2000 Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines - Performance - Part 4: Governing (IDT, ISO 3046-4:1997)
GB/T 6072.5-2003 Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines - Performance - Part 5: Torsional Vibration (ISO 3046-5:2001, IDT)
GB/T 6072.6-2000 Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines - Performance - Part 6: Overspeed Protection (IDT, ISO 3046-6:1990)
GB/T 21405-2008 Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine Power Determination and Measurement Methods Additional Requirements for Exhaust Pollutants Emission Test
ISO 1585:1992 Road vehicle engine test specifications Net power
ISO 2288:1997 Agricultural tractors and machinery - Test specifications for engines - Net power
Road vehicles - Engine test specifications - Total power
Petroleum products - Determination of the kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids and calculation of dynamic viscosity - Laboratory determination of the density of crude oil and liquid petroleum products - Petroleum densitometer method - Test code for motorcycle engines - Determination of the antiknock properties of fuels for automotive and aviation purposes - Motor method 1) has been repealed.
Determination of knock characteristics Research method Determination of ignition performance of diesel fuels Cetane number method Measurement and calibration of power of marine engines and systems Test code for engines Net power
ISO11614:1999 Reciprocating compression ignition internal combustion engine exhaust opacity tester and light absorption coefficient tester
ASTMD240-00 Standard Test Method for Determination of Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
ASTMD3338-00 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Low Heat Value of Aviation Fuels
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are used in this standard.
Note: This standard also contains some definitions in GB/T1883.1, GB/T6072.4 and ISO7876-1.
three point one
Auxiliaries and equipment
3.1.1
Dependent auxiliary
Equipments that will affect the engine terminal shaft power output are installed or not installed.
3.1.2
Independent auxiliary device
Equipment powered by energy other than engine.
3.1.3
Essential auxiliary device
Equipment necessary for continuous or repeated use of the engine.
3.1.4
Non essential auxiliary device
Equipment that is not necessary for continuous or repeated use of the engine.
3.1.5
Standard production equipment SPE
Equipment specified by the manufacturer for a specific engine and configured on the engine as standard parts.
three point two
Engine
3.2.1
Engine adjustment
The specific steps to modify the engine in order to provide power adapted to different environmental conditions, such as moving the fuel quantity limiter, re matching the turbocharger, changing the injection timing or other structural changes.
Note: Once the modification is completed, the engine becomes the adjusted engine,
3.2.2
Non adjustable engine
Engines that have been set in advance and do not need to take specific steps to adapt to different environmental conditions.
3.2.3
Engine speed
The number of revolutions of the crankshaft in a given period of time.
[GB/T1883.1]
3.2.4
Declared engine speed
The engine speed corresponding to the rated power.
[GB/T1883.1]
Note: In some applications, the rated speed of the engine is called "rated speed".
3.2.5
Declared intermediate engine speed
The manufacturer takes into account the specific requirements specified in the relevant "satellite" standards and calibrates the engine speed less than 100% of the calibrated speed.
3.2.6
Low engine speed Idle idling speed
Minimum stable engine speed with no load.
[GB/T1883.1]
3.2.7
Engine speed at maximum torque
The speed at which the engine operates at the maximum torque at the maximum fuel limit position (including additional torque fuel correction, if any).
[GB/T6072.4]
three point three
Power and load
3.3.1
Declaredpower
The power value that the engine can emit under certain environmental conditions, which is calibrated by the manufacturer.
Note: In some applications, the rated power is also called "rated power".
3.3.1.1
Declared propeller shaft power
The power output value calibrated by the manufacturer at the propeller shaft sold together with the complete propulsion device or on the coupling of the propeller shaft sold together with the reducer and/or reversing mechanism.
3.3.1.2
Declared crankshaft power
The power output value on the power output shaft of the engine calibrated by the manufacturer and sold without the reducer or reversing mechanism, stern drive device or navigation drive device.
3.3.2
Indicated power
The total power generated by the working medium pressure acting on the piston in the working cylinder.
[GB/T1883.1]
3.3.3
Effective power brakepower
When equipped with the equipment and auxiliary devices required by the relevant "satellite" standards, the sum of the power or power output at the end of the crankshaft or its equivalent parts.
The equipment and auxiliary devices to be installed for engine power test are shown in Table 1.
4 Symbols
Formulas (1) to (11) of this standard and symbols used in relevant "satellite" standards are listed in Table 2. The footnotes are listed in Table 3.
The symbols and footnotes of the measurement parameters used in this standard are listed in Table 4.
5 Standard benchmark status
In order to determine the power and fuel consumption of the engine, the following standard reference conditions shall be adopted: total air pressure z, 100kPa;
Air temperature: T,=298K (t,=25 ℃); Relative humidity: 30%;
Temperature of supercharging intercooling medium: Tc,=298K (tcr=25 ℃).
Note 2 When the temperature is 298K and the relative humidity is 30%, the corresponding partial pressure of water vapor is 1kPa. The corresponding dry air pressure is 99kPa.
6 Test
6.1 General
There are two test procedures for engines, called Method 1 and Method 2. Depending on the specific use of the engine, the applicable method is specified in the relevant "satellite" standard.
6.2 Test method 1
6.2.1 General
This test method is used to check whether the calibration parameters of an engine meet the contract requirements. This test method determines the requirements for acceptance test, type test and/or special test when the engine is installed on the test bench of the manufacturer or on the site.
If necessary, acceptance test shall be included in the contract. The type test and/or special test shall be jointly agreed by the manufacturer and the customer.
6.2.4 Measurement technology
6.2.4.1 Measurement method
6.2.4.3 The measurement methods, measurement parameter symbols and units used in acceptance test and type approval test are described.
6.2.4.2 Data storage
The printed and/or stored measured or recorded data shall be displayed during the test.
6.2.5 Test conditions
6.2.5.1 The manufacturer shall submit the necessary technical documents related to the engine type and use before the engine test upon mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the customer.
6.2.5.2 Before any acceptance test or type test, the manufacturer shall conduct running in and pre-test for the engine for enough time.
6.2.6 Test procedure
6.2.6.1 Acceptance test
7 Power correction method
8 Smoke measurement and correction of compression ignition (diesel) engine
9 Trial translation report
Bibliography
Contents of GB/T 21404-2022
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Symbols
5 Standard benchmark status
6 Test
7 Power correction method
8 Smoke measurement and correction of compression ignition (diesel) engine
9 Trial translation report
Bibliography
