Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 21965-2008 Steel wire ropes — Vocabulary for acceptance and defect. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 21965-2008:
——The definition of the terms "sampling", "sample" and "permissible tolerance for product analysis" in the acceptance terms have been added (see 2.1.2, 2.1.2.3, 2.1.3.2.1 herein, 2.1, 2.1.4, 2.2.2.3 of Edition 2008);
——The acceptance terms "torque of ropes" and "turn of rope" have been added (see 2.1.4.7.1 and 2.1.4.7.2 herein);
——The acceptance terms of "lot" and "retest" and their definitions have been added (see 2.1.2.1 and 2.1.2.8 herein);
——The acceptance terms and definitions of "strand clearance", "diameter or dimension of wire" and "diameter of centre wire" (see 2.1.4.2.4, 2.1.4.2.5, 2.1.4.2.6 herein);
——The term "100% inspection" in the acceptance terms has been modified to "all inspection", the "dimensional inspection” has been modified to "dimensions measure", the "tension" in the reverse bend test and torsion test has been modified to “tighten force of bend" and "tighten force of torsion", the "alternating torsion" in the torsion test has been modified to "reverse torsion", the "adhesion test" has been modified to "adhesion of coating", the "immersion test" has been modified to "continuity of coating", and the "lay quality" in visual inspection has been modified to "surface quality of rope”(see 2.1.2.5, 2.1.3.4, 2.1.3.6.1, 2.1.3.7.4, 2.1.3.7.2, 2.1.3.9.2, 2.2.9.3, 2.1.4.1.1 herein, 2.1.6, 2.2.4, 2.2.6.3, 2.2.7.3, 2.2.7.1.2, 2.2.9.2, 2.2.9.3, 2.3.1.6 of Edition 2008);
——The “permissible percentage limits for elements” in chemical analysis, the “heterogeneity” in micrographic inspection, the “minimum duration of test” in tensile test, the “radius of cylindrical supports”, “distance from a plane, defined by the anes of the cylindrical supports, to the nearest point of contact with the test piece”, “diameter of guide hole” in reverse bend test, and the “angle of torsion” and the “appearance of the twist”, the "type of lay" and "construction" in visual and dimensional examination of inspections of steel wire ropes have been deleted (see 2.2.2.2, 2.2.3.2, 2.2.5.2, 2.2.6.1, 2.2.6.2, 2.2.7.5 and 2.2.7.6 of Edition 2008);
——The term "visual and dimensional examination" of inspections of steel wire ropes has been divided into "visual inspection" and "dimension measure of rope", and the terms "fatigue test" of inspections of steel wire ropes has been divided into "bending fatigue test of rope" and "axial stress fatigue test of rope" (see 2.1.4.1, 2.1.4.2, 2.1.4.5 and 2.1.4.6 herein, 2.3.1, 2.3.5 of Edition 2008);
——The definition of the term "salt spray test" has been modified (see 2.1.3.9.4 herein, 2.2.9.4 of Edition 2008)
——The term and definition of "method of resin pouring" in the tensile test of wire rope has been added (see 2.1.4.4.1.2 herein, 2.3.3.1 of Edition 2008);
——The defect terms such as “skip wire”, “no enlargement of centre wire”, “drawing flaw”, “delamination”, “undulation”, “free rust”, “corrosion”, “pitting”, “out-of-tolerance of rope diameter” and “out-of-tolerance of rope” and their definitions have been added (see 2.2.1.3, 2.2.1.7, 2.2.1.8, 2.2.1.9, 2.2.1.10, 2.2.1.11, 2.2.1.12, 2.2.1.13, 2.2.1.24, 2.2.1.25 herein);
——The defect term "relaxation of strands” has been modified, “extruding of steel wire rope corn" has been modified to "corn or strand protrusion", "extruding of steel wire" has been modified to "protruding wire in loops", "flattening of parts" has been modified to "flattened portion", and "fracture of wire in steel wire rope end” has been modified to “wire breaks at a termination” (see 2.2.1.20, 2.2.5.3, 2.2.5.4, 2.2.5.6, 2.2.5.17 herein, 3.1.12, 3.2.2.3, 3.2.2.4, 3.2.2.6, 3.2.7 of Edition 2008);
——The term "transport and period of service time" has been divided into "defect during removal and transport period", "defect during storage period", "defect during installation period" and "defect during service time period" (see 2.2.2, 2.2.3, 2.2.4 and 2.2.5 herein);
——The term and definition of "collapsed coils" during removal and transport period has been added (see 2.2.2.2 herein);
——The terms and definitions of "loss of grease", "cracking of grease", "deterioration of grease" and "performance deterioration of rope" during storage period have been added (see 2.2.3.1, 2.2.3.2, 2.2.3.3 and 2.2.3.4 herein);
——The terms and definitions of "heat or electric arcing damage" and "extrusion damage" during service time period have been added (see 2.2.5.20 and 2.2.5.22 herein);
——The term "corrosion" and "pitting" of defect during service time period have been modified to "external corrosion", "internal corrosion", "friction corrosion", and those definitions have been modified (see 2.2.5.14, 2.2.5.15, 2.2.5.16 herein, 3.2.5 and 3.2.6 of Edition 2008);
——The examples of typical defects of wire rope have been added (see Annex A).
——This standard was proposed by China Iron and Steel Association.
——This standard is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 183 National Technical Committee on Iron and Steel of Standardization Administration of China.
——The previous edition of this standard is as follows:
——GB/T 21965-2008.
Steel wire ropes — Vocabulary for acceptance and defect
1 Scope
This standard defines the commonly used terms of wire rope acceptance and defects during manufacturing, handling, transportation, storage, installation and use.
This standard is applicable to the general provisions of wire rope acceptance and defect terms, but it is not applicable to the case where the product standard provides otherwise.
2 Terms and definitions
2.1 Acceptance
2.1.1
acceptance
decision of acceptance or rejection that base on inspection and test of wire rope products one by one (coil) or in lots according to relevant standards, specifications or the sampling quantity, inspection quantity, inspection method and judgment principle agreed in the contract
2.1.1.1
rejection
action that the buyer will not accept the wire rope products due to the products do not meet the relevant standards and specifications
2.1.2
sampling
process of extracting individuals or samples from overall amount
Note: Because of the particularity of the steel wire rope structure, the steel wire rope needs to be firmly tied and then cut off before cutting samples to ensure that the inspection of the overall performance of the steel wire rope is not affected.
2.1.2.1
lot
set amount of product or material gathered together
Note: The wire rope lot usually refers to the unit product with the same diameter (size), structure, wire rope grade, surface state and twisting direction and delivered for acceptance at the same time.
2.1.2.2
lot size
quantity of products in the lot
Note: The lot number of wire rope products usually refers to the number of axles or coils in the same delivery lot.
2.1.2.3
sample
sample for measurement, inspection and detection of wire rope diameter (size), appearance quality, twisting quality, mechanical properties, technological properties and chemical properties
2.1.2.3.1
size of specimen
diameter, width and height of sample taken for quality inspection during wire rope acceptance
2.1.2.3.2
sample of wire
sample used for measuring, inspecting and testing the diameter (size), surface quality, mechanical properties, technological properties, metallographic structure and chemical properties of steel wire rope
2.1.2.3.3
sample of rope
sample for measuring, inspecting and testing the diameter (size), appearance quality, twisting quality, mechanical properties and chemical properties of steel wire rope
2.1.2.3.4
sample of core
sample used for detecting lubricant content in wire rope core, etc.
2.1.2.4
sampling inspection
inspection that bases on the statistical sampling technique, randomly selected some unit products from a lot of products, and judge the overall quality of the lot of products by detecting some unit products
2.1.2.5
all inspection
inspection of every unit product (roll or coil) delivered for acceptance
2.1.2.6
random sampling
method which samples the unit product in the inspection lot in a completely accidental manner
2.1.2.7
primary test
first test of the sample
2.1.2.8
retest
re-sample the original sample for the test in the case of the sample slides in the clamping jaw or casting body, breaks in the jaw or outside the specified effective range, resulting in invalid test results
2.1.2.9
repeat test
test the unqualified items in the case of the primary test is unqualified, sample according to the method and quantity specified in the standard or specification
2.1.3
inspection of steel wires
process of measuring, testing or inspecting the quality characteristics of steel wire in wire rope, such as size, chemical composition, micrographic structure, defects, mechanical and technological properties and coating properties, and evaluating the steel wire quality
2.1.3.1
sample straightening
in order to ensure the accuracy and convenience of the test, straighten the sample by hand, suitable tools or tooling, and ensure that the surface, mechanical and technological properties of the sample are not affected
2.1.3.2
product analysis
chemical analysis that verifies the chemical composition, which take samples from the wire rope
2.1.3.2.1
permissible tolerance for product analysis
the allowable value for which the finished product analysis value exceeds of the limit specified in the standard due to element segregation in steel
2.1.3.3
micrographic inspection
process of observing, measuring, analyzing and evaluating the macrostructure, microstructure, internal defect structure and related properties of metals and alloys by means of metallography
2.1.3.3.1
microstructure
microstructure on the section observed by microscope, which the cross section or longitudinal section of the steel wire is subjected to appropriate treatment (such as grinding, inlaying, polishing, erosion, etc.)
2.1.3.3.2
nonmetallic inclusions
non-metallic compounds such as oxides, sulfides, silicates, etc., which are produced or mixed in the deoxidation process of steel smelting and the solidification process of molten steel and cannot be eliminated after processing or heat treatment
2.1.3.3.3
decarburization
one or more chemical reactions occur in the medium in contact with the surface of the steel wire, resulting in the loss of carbon on the surface of the steel wire
Note: This carbon loss includes partial decarburization or complete decarburization.
2.1.3.3.4
martensite
supersaturated solid solution structure, which the carbon in the center of cubic structure α iron (ferrite), it is obtained by heating the steel wire to a certain temperature and cooling it rapidly
2.1.3.4
dimensions measure
determination of characteristic dimensions of cross section of circular or special-shaped steel wire
2.1.3.5
tensile test of steel wire
test of measuring tensile strength and elongation of steel wire under uniaxial static tension
2.1.3.5.1
gauge length
measurement: the length between the marking lines of the sample for measuring elongation
2.1.3.5.2
tensile rate
beam displacement per unit time or increased stress per unit time during tensile test
2.1.3.5.3
tensile strength
ratio of the maximum breaking resistance of steel wire to the original cross-sectional area of the sample under uniaxial static tension
2.1.3.5.4
knotting force
maximum force measured by the knotted steel wire sample under unidirectional static tension
2.1.3.5.5
ratio of knotting force
percentage of knotting tension and unknotting tension of the steel wire
2.1.3.5.6
percentage elongation after fracture
percentage of the increased length of gauge length to the original gauge length after the steel wire fracture
2.1.3.6
reverse bend test
test to check the ability of the steel wire to withstand plastic deformation, fix one end of the steel wire, apply a certain tensioning force, bend 90 ° around the cylindrical support with the specified radius, and then bend in the opposite direction
2.1.3.6.1
tighten force of bend
tension applied to the sample to make the steel wire in good contact with the bending cylinder
2.1.3.6.2
number of reverse bends
number of bending times which the free end of the steel wire is bent 90° from the starting position to one direction and then returned to the starting position as the first bending, and then continuously and repeatedly bent in the opposite direction until the sample breaks (the last bending does not count the number of bending times)
2.1.3.6.3
bending rate
repeated bending times of steel wire per unit time
2.1.3.7
torsion test
test to check the plastic deformation performance of steel wire when twisted in fixed or alternating direction, and show unevenness and internal and external defects
2.1.3.7.1
simple torsion
test in which the steel wire is twisted uniformly along one direction with its own axis until the sample fractures or reaches the specified number of twists
2.1.3.7.2
reverse torsion
test in which the steel wire rotates uniformly 360° in one direction around its own axis for one time, and then rotates in the opposite direction for a specified number of times or the sample fractures
2.1.3.7.3
torsion gauge length
gauge length between two grips
2.1.3.7.4
tighten force of torsion
tension applied to the steel wire to keep the sample straight
2.1.3.7.5
torsion rate
number of wraps the steel wire sample rotates around its own axis per unit time
2.1.3.7.6
type of fracture
morphology and characteristics of fracture surface of steel wire after rotating around its own axis
2.1.3.7.7
number of torsion
number of times the steel wire sample rotates around its own axis per unit time
2.1.3.8
wrap/relaxation test
test which used to check the wrapping deformation resistance or coating adhesion of the sample (with or without coating), the steel wire sample is tightly spirally wound to the specified number of turns at the specified rate on the mandrel with the diameter specified in relevant standards
2.1.3.8.1
diameter of mandrel
diameter of wrapping mandrel determined according to relevant product standards and to test the winding deformation resistance or coating adhesion of steel wire samples
2.1.3.8.2
wrap rate
number of wraps of steel wire sample spirally wound around mandrel per unit time
2.1.3.8.3
number of wrap
number of wraps of the steel wire tightly spirally wound on the mandrel with the diameter specified by relevant product standards
2.1.3.9
coating test
test to check the coating mass, adhesion and uniformity per unit area of steel wire
2.1.3.9.1
mass of coating
weight of coating per unit surface area of steel wire
2.1.3.9.2
adhesion of coating
adhesion of coating to steel wire matrix
2.1.3.9.3
continuity of coating
uniformity of coating thickness distribution on steel wire surface
2.1.3.9.4
salt spray test
environmental test for evaluating the corrosion resistance of metal materials or coatings by using artificial simulated salt spray environment conditions created by salt spray test equipment
Note: Artificial simulated salt fog environment usually includes neutral salt fog (NSS), acetic acid salt fog (AASS) and copper accelerated salt fog (CASS).
2.1.4
inspection of steel wire ropes
process of measuring, testing or checking the appearance, size, mechanical and technological properties of share split steel wire, tensile properties, fatigue properties, rotation properties, radial stiffness, oil content and other quality characteristics of steel wire rope, and evaluating its quality
2.1.4.1
visual inspection
process of evaluating the quality of steel wire rope by checking its surface quality, non-looseness, straightness, flatness, residual torsion, oiling uniformity and other quality characteristics
2.1.4.1.1
surface quality of rope
sensory evaluation index of strand and rope twisting quality
2.1.4.1.2
low internal stresses of rope
untie one end of the wire rope about two lay lengths of the two opposite stocks; if the two stocks are restored to their original positions, they will not be loose if they do not spread out by themselves
2.1.4.1.3
straightness of rope
maximum distance that the specified length of wire rope is placed on the plane without tension, or the maximum distance that the specified length of wire rope naturally droops along the vertical line without tension and its free end deviates from the vertical line
2.1.4.1.4
residual torsion of rope
number of wraps of steel wire rope with specified length that can rotate freely without tension
Note: The usually adopted inspection method of residual torsion is to pull the wire rope out of the rope end of the axle for a specified length, release its free end, and measure the number of free rotations turns under the condition of no tension.
2.1.4.2
dimension measure of rope
process of measuring and evaluating the quality characteristics of wire rope diameter or size, out of roundness, lay length, strand gap, steel wire diameter or size, central steel wire diameter, etc.
2.1.4.2.1
diameter or dimension of rope
characteristic dimension of pitch diameter of round rope cross section or non-round cross section, such as width and thickness
2.1.4.2.2
out-of-roundness of rope
percentage of the difference between the maximum and the minimum diameter measured in the same cross section of rope to the nominal diameter of rope
2.1.4.2.3
lay length of rope
length between two corresponding points which end one cycle or spiral of surrounding a rope by an outer steel wire of single-strand rope, an outer steel wire of multi-strand rope or a unit rope of a cable-type rope, paralleling to the rope axis
2.1.4.2.4
strand clearance
distance between two adjacent strands in the same layer
2.1.4.2.5
diameter or dimension of wire
cross-sectional diameter of round wire, height of fully sealed wire or height and width of semi-sealed wire
2.1.4.2.6
diameter of centre wire
cross-sectional diameter of wire located at the center of single-twist rope or at the center of multi-strand rope
2.1.4.3
dismantle strand test
test for determining the total breaking force for rope and performance including tension (tensile strength), reverse bend, torsion, wrapping, mass of coating, adhesion of coating and continuity of coating for rope by dismantling wire strand (partially or totally) into single wire
2.1.4.4
tensile test of rope
test for determining the breaking force and percentage elongation with the sample under unidirectional static tension
2.1.4.4.1
method of gripping
method of gripping the rope sample on test machine
2.1.4.4.1.1
method of alloy poured socketing
method of conducting the tensile test of steel wire by gripping the loose end of rope sample (which has been poured with alloy and cooled to room temperature) into the grip hub of test machine
2.1.4.4.1.2
method of resin pouring
method of conducting the tensile test of steel wire by gripping the loose end of rope sample (which has been poured with resin and solidified) into the grip hub of test machine
2.1.4.4.1.3
method of ferrule pressing
method of conducting the tensile test of steel wire by tightly gripping the rope sample with ferrule and then gripping into the grip hub of test machine
2.1.4.4.1.4
method of direct gripping
method of conducting the tensile test of steel wire by directly gripping the rope sample into the grip hub of test machine
2.1.4.4.1.5
method of wrapping
method of conducting the tensile test of steel wire by directly wrapping the rope sample on the wrapping wheel of test machine
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Terms and definitions
Annex A (Informative) Examples of typical defects of steel wire ropes
Bibliography
Index
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 21965-2008 Steel wire ropes — Vocabulary for acceptance and defect. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 21965-2008:
——The definition of the terms "sampling", "sample" and "permissible tolerance for product analysis" in the acceptance terms have been added (see 2.1.2, 2.1.2.3, 2.1.3.2.1 herein, 2.1, 2.1.4, 2.2.2.3 of Edition 2008);
——The acceptance terms "torque of ropes" and "turn of rope" have been added (see 2.1.4.7.1 and 2.1.4.7.2 herein);
——The acceptance terms of "lot" and "retest" and their definitions have been added (see 2.1.2.1 and 2.1.2.8 herein);
——The acceptance terms and definitions of "strand clearance", "diameter or dimension of wire" and "diameter of centre wire" (see 2.1.4.2.4, 2.1.4.2.5, 2.1.4.2.6 herein);
——The term "100% inspection" in the acceptance terms has been modified to "all inspection", the "dimensional inspection” has been modified to "dimensions measure", the "tension" in the reverse bend test and torsion test has been modified to “tighten force of bend" and "tighten force of torsion", the "alternating torsion" in the torsion test has been modified to "reverse torsion", the "adhesion test" has been modified to "adhesion of coating", the "immersion test" has been modified to "continuity of coating", and the "lay quality" in visual inspection has been modified to "surface quality of rope”(see 2.1.2.5, 2.1.3.4, 2.1.3.6.1, 2.1.3.7.4, 2.1.3.7.2, 2.1.3.9.2, 2.2.9.3, 2.1.4.1.1 herein, 2.1.6, 2.2.4, 2.2.6.3, 2.2.7.3, 2.2.7.1.2, 2.2.9.2, 2.2.9.3, 2.3.1.6 of Edition 2008);
——The “permissible percentage limits for elements” in chemical analysis, the “heterogeneity” in micrographic inspection, the “minimum duration of test” in tensile test, the “radius of cylindrical supports”, “distance from a plane, defined by the anes of the cylindrical supports, to the nearest point of contact with the test piece”, “diameter of guide hole” in reverse bend test, and the “angle of torsion” and the “appearance of the twist”, the "type of lay" and "construction" in visual and dimensional examination of inspections of steel wire ropes have been deleted (see 2.2.2.2, 2.2.3.2, 2.2.5.2, 2.2.6.1, 2.2.6.2, 2.2.7.5 and 2.2.7.6 of Edition 2008);
——The term "visual and dimensional examination" of inspections of steel wire ropes has been divided into "visual inspection" and "dimension measure of rope", and the terms "fatigue test" of inspections of steel wire ropes has been divided into "bending fatigue test of rope" and "axial stress fatigue test of rope" (see 2.1.4.1, 2.1.4.2, 2.1.4.5 and 2.1.4.6 herein, 2.3.1, 2.3.5 of Edition 2008);
——The definition of the term "salt spray test" has been modified (see 2.1.3.9.4 herein, 2.2.9.4 of Edition 2008)
——The term and definition of "method of resin pouring" in the tensile test of wire rope has been added (see 2.1.4.4.1.2 herein, 2.3.3.1 of Edition 2008);
——The defect terms such as “skip wire”, “no enlargement of centre wire”, “drawing flaw”, “delamination”, “undulation”, “free rust”, “corrosion”, “pitting”, “out-of-tolerance of rope diameter” and “out-of-tolerance of rope” and their definitions have been added (see 2.2.1.3, 2.2.1.7, 2.2.1.8, 2.2.1.9, 2.2.1.10, 2.2.1.11, 2.2.1.12, 2.2.1.13, 2.2.1.24, 2.2.1.25 herein);
——The defect term "relaxation of strands” has been modified, “extruding of steel wire rope corn" has been modified to "corn or strand protrusion", "extruding of steel wire" has been modified to "protruding wire in loops", "flattening of parts" has been modified to "flattened portion", and "fracture of wire in steel wire rope end” has been modified to “wire breaks at a termination” (see 2.2.1.20, 2.2.5.3, 2.2.5.4, 2.2.5.6, 2.2.5.17 herein, 3.1.12, 3.2.2.3, 3.2.2.4, 3.2.2.6, 3.2.7 of Edition 2008);
——The term "transport and period of service time" has been divided into "defect during removal and transport period", "defect during storage period", "defect during installation period" and "defect during service time period" (see 2.2.2, 2.2.3, 2.2.4 and 2.2.5 herein);
——The term and definition of "collapsed coils" during removal and transport period has been added (see 2.2.2.2 herein);
——The terms and definitions of "loss of grease", "cracking of grease", "deterioration of grease" and "performance deterioration of rope" during storage period have been added (see 2.2.3.1, 2.2.3.2, 2.2.3.3 and 2.2.3.4 herein);
——The terms and definitions of "heat or electric arcing damage" and "extrusion damage" during service time period have been added (see 2.2.5.20 and 2.2.5.22 herein);
——The term "corrosion" and "pitting" of defect during service time period have been modified to "external corrosion", "internal corrosion", "friction corrosion", and those definitions have been modified (see 2.2.5.14, 2.2.5.15, 2.2.5.16 herein, 3.2.5 and 3.2.6 of Edition 2008);
——The examples of typical defects of wire rope have been added (see Annex A).
——This standard was proposed by China Iron and Steel Association.
——This standard is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 183 National Technical Committee on Iron and Steel of Standardization Administration of China.
——The previous edition of this standard is as follows:
——GB/T 21965-2008.
Steel wire ropes — Vocabulary for acceptance and defect
1 Scope
This standard defines the commonly used terms of wire rope acceptance and defects during manufacturing, handling, transportation, storage, installation and use.
This standard is applicable to the general provisions of wire rope acceptance and defect terms, but it is not applicable to the case where the product standard provides otherwise.
2 Terms and definitions
2.1 Acceptance
2.1.1
acceptance
decision of acceptance or rejection that base on inspection and test of wire rope products one by one (coil) or in lots according to relevant standards, specifications or the sampling quantity, inspection quantity, inspection method and judgment principle agreed in the contract
2.1.1.1
rejection
action that the buyer will not accept the wire rope products due to the products do not meet the relevant standards and specifications
2.1.2
sampling
process of extracting individuals or samples from overall amount
Note: Because of the particularity of the steel wire rope structure, the steel wire rope needs to be firmly tied and then cut off before cutting samples to ensure that the inspection of the overall performance of the steel wire rope is not affected.
2.1.2.1
lot
set amount of product or material gathered together
Note: The wire rope lot usually refers to the unit product with the same diameter (size), structure, wire rope grade, surface state and twisting direction and delivered for acceptance at the same time.
2.1.2.2
lot size
quantity of products in the lot
Note: The lot number of wire rope products usually refers to the number of axles or coils in the same delivery lot.
2.1.2.3
sample
sample for measurement, inspection and detection of wire rope diameter (size), appearance quality, twisting quality, mechanical properties, technological properties and chemical properties
2.1.2.3.1
size of specimen
diameter, width and height of sample taken for quality inspection during wire rope acceptance
2.1.2.3.2
sample of wire
sample used for measuring, inspecting and testing the diameter (size), surface quality, mechanical properties, technological properties, metallographic structure and chemical properties of steel wire rope
2.1.2.3.3
sample of rope
sample for measuring, inspecting and testing the diameter (size), appearance quality, twisting quality, mechanical properties and chemical properties of steel wire rope
2.1.2.3.4
sample of core
sample used for detecting lubricant content in wire rope core, etc.
2.1.2.4
sampling inspection
inspection that bases on the statistical sampling technique, randomly selected some unit products from a lot of products, and judge the overall quality of the lot of products by detecting some unit products
2.1.2.5
all inspection
inspection of every unit product (roll or coil) delivered for acceptance
2.1.2.6
random sampling
method which samples the unit product in the inspection lot in a completely accidental manner
2.1.2.7
primary test
first test of the sample
2.1.2.8
retest
re-sample the original sample for the test in the case of the sample slides in the clamping jaw or casting body, breaks in the jaw or outside the specified effective range, resulting in invalid test results
2.1.2.9
repeat test
test the unqualified items in the case of the primary test is unqualified, sample according to the method and quantity specified in the standard or specification
2.1.3
inspection of steel wires
process of measuring, testing or inspecting the quality characteristics of steel wire in wire rope, such as size, chemical composition, micrographic structure, defects, mechanical and technological properties and coating properties, and evaluating the steel wire quality
2.1.3.1
sample straightening
in order to ensure the accuracy and convenience of the test, straighten the sample by hand, suitable tools or tooling, and ensure that the surface, mechanical and technological properties of the sample are not affected
2.1.3.2
product analysis
chemical analysis that verifies the chemical composition, which take samples from the wire rope
2.1.3.2.1
permissible tolerance for product analysis
the allowable value for which the finished product analysis value exceeds of the limit specified in the standard due to element segregation in steel
2.1.3.3
micrographic inspection
process of observing, measuring, analyzing and evaluating the macrostructure, microstructure, internal defect structure and related properties of metals and alloys by means of metallography
2.1.3.3.1
microstructure
microstructure on the section observed by microscope, which the cross section or longitudinal section of the steel wire is subjected to appropriate treatment (such as grinding, inlaying, polishing, erosion, etc.)
2.1.3.3.2
nonmetallic inclusions
non-metallic compounds such as oxides, sulfides, silicates, etc., which are produced or mixed in the deoxidation process of steel smelting and the solidification process of molten steel and cannot be eliminated after processing or heat treatment
2.1.3.3.3
decarburization
one or more chemical reactions occur in the medium in contact with the surface of the steel wire, resulting in the loss of carbon on the surface of the steel wire
Note: This carbon loss includes partial decarburization or complete decarburization.
2.1.3.3.4
martensite
supersaturated solid solution structure, which the carbon in the center of cubic structure α iron (ferrite), it is obtained by heating the steel wire to a certain temperature and cooling it rapidly
2.1.3.4
dimensions measure
determination of characteristic dimensions of cross section of circular or special-shaped steel wire
2.1.3.5
tensile test of steel wire
test of measuring tensile strength and elongation of steel wire under uniaxial static tension
2.1.3.5.1
gauge length
measurement: the length between the marking lines of the sample for measuring elongation
2.1.3.5.2
tensile rate
beam displacement per unit time or increased stress per unit time during tensile test
2.1.3.5.3
tensile strength
ratio of the maximum breaking resistance of steel wire to the original cross-sectional area of the sample under uniaxial static tension
2.1.3.5.4
knotting force
maximum force measured by the knotted steel wire sample under unidirectional static tension
2.1.3.5.5
ratio of knotting force
percentage of knotting tension and unknotting tension of the steel wire
2.1.3.5.6
percentage elongation after fracture
percentage of the increased length of gauge length to the original gauge length after the steel wire fracture
2.1.3.6
reverse bend test
test to check the ability of the steel wire to withstand plastic deformation, fix one end of the steel wire, apply a certain tensioning force, bend 90 ° around the cylindrical support with the specified radius, and then bend in the opposite direction
2.1.3.6.1
tighten force of bend
tension applied to the sample to make the steel wire in good contact with the bending cylinder
2.1.3.6.2
number of reverse bends
number of bending times which the free end of the steel wire is bent 90° from the starting position to one direction and then returned to the starting position as the first bending, and then continuously and repeatedly bent in the opposite direction until the sample breaks (the last bending does not count the number of bending times)
2.1.3.6.3
bending rate
repeated bending times of steel wire per unit time
2.1.3.7
torsion test
test to check the plastic deformation performance of steel wire when twisted in fixed or alternating direction, and show unevenness and internal and external defects
2.1.3.7.1
simple torsion
test in which the steel wire is twisted uniformly along one direction with its own axis until the sample fractures or reaches the specified number of twists
2.1.3.7.2
reverse torsion
test in which the steel wire rotates uniformly 360° in one direction around its own axis for one time, and then rotates in the opposite direction for a specified number of times or the sample fractures
2.1.3.7.3
torsion gauge length
gauge length between two grips
2.1.3.7.4
tighten force of torsion
tension applied to the steel wire to keep the sample straight
2.1.3.7.5
torsion rate
number of wraps the steel wire sample rotates around its own axis per unit time
2.1.3.7.6
type of fracture
morphology and characteristics of fracture surface of steel wire after rotating around its own axis
2.1.3.7.7
number of torsion
number of times the steel wire sample rotates around its own axis per unit time
2.1.3.8
wrap/relaxation test
test which used to check the wrapping deformation resistance or coating adhesion of the sample (with or without coating), the steel wire sample is tightly spirally wound to the specified number of turns at the specified rate on the mandrel with the diameter specified in relevant standards
2.1.3.8.1
diameter of mandrel
diameter of wrapping mandrel determined according to relevant product standards and to test the winding deformation resistance or coating adhesion of steel wire samples
2.1.3.8.2
wrap rate
number of wraps of steel wire sample spirally wound around mandrel per unit time
2.1.3.8.3
number of wrap
number of wraps of the steel wire tightly spirally wound on the mandrel with the diameter specified by relevant product standards
2.1.3.9
coating test
test to check the coating mass, adhesion and uniformity per unit area of steel wire
2.1.3.9.1
mass of coating
weight of coating per unit surface area of steel wire
2.1.3.9.2
adhesion of coating
adhesion of coating to steel wire matrix
2.1.3.9.3
continuity of coating
uniformity of coating thickness distribution on steel wire surface
2.1.3.9.4
salt spray test
environmental test for evaluating the corrosion resistance of metal materials or coatings by using artificial simulated salt spray environment conditions created by salt spray test equipment
Note: Artificial simulated salt fog environment usually includes neutral salt fog (NSS), acetic acid salt fog (AASS) and copper accelerated salt fog (CASS).
2.1.4
inspection of steel wire ropes
process of measuring, testing or checking the appearance, size, mechanical and technological properties of share split steel wire, tensile properties, fatigue properties, rotation properties, radial stiffness, oil content and other quality characteristics of steel wire rope, and evaluating its quality
2.1.4.1
visual inspection
process of evaluating the quality of steel wire rope by checking its surface quality, non-looseness, straightness, flatness, residual torsion, oiling uniformity and other quality characteristics
2.1.4.1.1
surface quality of rope
sensory evaluation index of strand and rope twisting quality
2.1.4.1.2
low internal stresses of rope
untie one end of the wire rope about two lay lengths of the two opposite stocks; if the two stocks are restored to their original positions, they will not be loose if they do not spread out by themselves
2.1.4.1.3
straightness of rope
maximum distance that the specified length of wire rope is placed on the plane without tension, or the maximum distance that the specified length of wire rope naturally droops along the vertical line without tension and its free end deviates from the vertical line
2.1.4.1.4
residual torsion of rope
number of wraps of steel wire rope with specified length that can rotate freely without tension
Note: The usually adopted inspection method of residual torsion is to pull the wire rope out of the rope end of the axle for a specified length, release its free end, and measure the number of free rotations turns under the condition of no tension.
2.1.4.2
dimension measure of rope
process of measuring and evaluating the quality characteristics of wire rope diameter or size, out of roundness, lay length, strand gap, steel wire diameter or size, central steel wire diameter, etc.
2.1.4.2.1
diameter or dimension of rope
characteristic dimension of pitch diameter of round rope cross section or non-round cross section, such as width and thickness
2.1.4.2.2
out-of-roundness of rope
percentage of the difference between the maximum and the minimum diameter measured in the same cross section of rope to the nominal diameter of rope
2.1.4.2.3
lay length of rope
length between two corresponding points which end one cycle or spiral of surrounding a rope by an outer steel wire of single-strand rope, an outer steel wire of multi-strand rope or a unit rope of a cable-type rope, paralleling to the rope axis
2.1.4.2.4
strand clearance
distance between two adjacent strands in the same layer
2.1.4.2.5
diameter or dimension of wire
cross-sectional diameter of round wire, height of fully sealed wire or height and width of semi-sealed wire
2.1.4.2.6
diameter of centre wire
cross-sectional diameter of wire located at the center of single-twist rope or at the center of multi-strand rope
2.1.4.3
dismantle strand test
test for determining the total breaking force for rope and performance including tension (tensile strength), reverse bend, torsion, wrapping, mass of coating, adhesion of coating and continuity of coating for rope by dismantling wire strand (partially or totally) into single wire
2.1.4.4
tensile test of rope
test for determining the breaking force and percentage elongation with the sample under unidirectional static tension
2.1.4.4.1
method of gripping
method of gripping the rope sample on test machine
2.1.4.4.1.1
method of alloy poured socketing
method of conducting the tensile test of steel wire by gripping the loose end of rope sample (which has been poured with alloy and cooled to room temperature) into the grip hub of test machine
2.1.4.4.1.2
method of resin pouring
method of conducting the tensile test of steel wire by gripping the loose end of rope sample (which has been poured with resin and solidified) into the grip hub of test machine
2.1.4.4.1.3
method of ferrule pressing
method of conducting the tensile test of steel wire by tightly gripping the rope sample with ferrule and then gripping into the grip hub of test machine
2.1.4.4.1.4
method of direct gripping
method of conducting the tensile test of steel wire by directly gripping the rope sample into the grip hub of test machine
2.1.4.4.1.5
method of wrapping
method of conducting the tensile test of steel wire by directly wrapping the rope sample on the wrapping wheel of test machine
Contents of GB/T 21965-2020
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Terms and definitions
Annex A (Informative) Examples of typical defects of steel wire ropes
Bibliography
Index
