Foreword
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents.
This document replaces GB/T 31032-2014 Welding and acceptance standard for steel pipings and pipelines. In addition to structural adjustments and editorial, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 31032-2014:
a) The scope of application has been changed, changing the term "gas" to "natural gas" in the applicable medium, changing the scope of application from "transmission pipelines, pipe networks, valve chambers, and stations" to "long-distance pipings and pipelines, gathering pipings and pipelines", deleting the "gas welding" welding method, and adding acceptance requirements such as X-ray digital imaging detection and X-ray computer-aided imaging detection (see Clause 1 hereof; and Clause 1 of Edition 2014);
b) The terms and definitions of "owner", "contractor", "root welding", "repair", "weld", "display", "qualified welder", "welder examination" and "welding procedure qualification" have been deleted (see 3.1, 3.2, 3.5, 3.9, 3.12, 3.16, 3.18, 3.19 and 3.21 of Edition 2014);
c) The terms and definitions of “welding procedure qualification record” "automatic welding", "root bead", "back welding", "repair welding", "full thickness repair", “partial thickness repair” "back weld repair", "double repair", "rework", "welding heat input" preheat temperature", “interpass temperature” "postweld heat treatment", "hollow bead", "temper bead" and "weld deposition repair" have been added (see 3.2, 3.5, 3.10, 3.11, 3.15 ~ 3.24, 3.28 ~ 3.30)
d) The definitions of the terms "preliminary welding procedure specification", "welding procedure specification", "mechanized welding, "roll welding", "position welding", "defect", and "internal concavity" have been changed (see 3.1, 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 3.8, 3.26, 3.27 hereof; and 3.20, 3.22, 3.3, 3.10, 3.11, 3.15, and 3.17 of Edition 2014);
e) The clause “abbreviations” is added (see Clause 4);
f) The content of personnel, welding process, and welding environment has been added (see Clause 5);
g) The specific requirements for pipes and fittings have been changed (see 5.2.1 hereof; and 4.2.1 of Edition 2014);
h) The filling material type and specifications have been changed (see 5.2.2.1; and 4.2.2.1 of Edition 2014);
Welding and acceptance standard for steel pipings and pipelines
1 Scope
This document specifies the arc welding process for butt joints, corner joints and socket joints of carbon steel and low alloy steel pipes and pipe fittings of long-distance pipings and pipelines and gathering pipings and pipelines with crude oil, refined oil, natural gas, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
The welding methods to which this document applies are electrode arc welding, submerged arc welding, fused and non-fused gas shielded arc welding, flux-cored wire arc welding, plasma arc welding or a combination thereof. The welding methods are manual welding, semi-automatic welding, mechanized welding, automatic welding or a combination thereof. The welding position is position welding, roll welding or a combination thereof.
This document also specifies the acceptance requirements for radiographic inspection, X-ray digital imaging inspection, X-ray computer-aided imaging inspection, magnetic particle inspection, penetrant inspection, ultrasonic inspection, fully automatic ultrasonic inspection, phased array ultrasonic inspection and the use of destructive tests for welded joints.
This document is applicable to the welding of newly built, renovated, expanded and in-service pipings and pipelines.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 226 Test method for macrostructure and defect of steel by etching
GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
GB/T 229 Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test method
GB/T 2653 Bend test methods on welded joints
GB/T 3091 Welded steel pipes for low pressure liquid delivery
GB/T 4157 Laboratory testing of metals for resistance to sulfide stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking in H2S environment
GB/T 4340 (All parts) Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test
GB/T 5117 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels
GB/T 5293 Solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and electrode/flux combinations for submerged arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels - Classification
GB/T 5310 Seamless steel tubes and pipes for high pressure boiler
GB/T 6479 Seamless steel tubes for high-pressure for chemical fertilizer equipment
GB/T 8110 Wire electrodes and weld deposits for gas shielded metal arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels
GB/T 8163 Seamless steel pipes for liquid service
GB/T 8650 Evaluation of pipeline and pressure vessel steels for resistance to hydrogen-induced cracking
GB/T 9711 Petroleum and natural gas industries - Steel pipe for pipeline transportation systems
GB/T 10045 Tubular cored electrodes for non-alloy and fine grain steels
GB/T 13401 Steel buttwelding pipe fittings - Technical specification
GB/T 14383 Forged fittings, socket-welding and threaded
GB/T 20972.2 Petroleum and natural gas industries - Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production - Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low alloy steels and the use of cast irons
GB/T 28896 Metallic materials - Method of test for the determination of toughness of welds
GB/T 29168 (All parts) Petroleum and natural gas industries - Induction bends, fittings and flanges for: pipeline transportation systems
GB/T 32533 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of high-strength steels
GB/T 36034 Solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and electrode/flux combinations for submerged arc welding of high strength steels - Classification
GB/T 36233 Tubular cored electrodes for high-strength steels
GB/T 39255 Gases and gas mixtures for welding and cutting processes
GB/T 39280 Rods, wires and deposits for tungsten inert gas welding of non alloy and fine grain steels
GB/T 39281 Wire electrodes, wires, rods and deposits for gas shielded arc welding of high strength steels
GB/T 50818 Mechanized ultrasonic testing technology specification for oil & gas construction pipeline project
SY/T 4109 Nondestructive testing standard of oil and gas steel pipeline
SY/T 6554 Safe hot tapping practices in the petroleum
BS 7910 Guide to methods for assessing the acceptance of cracks in metal structures
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
preliminary welding procedure specification
welding procedure document prepared for welding procedure qualification
3.2
welding procedure qualification record
report that records the details of welding procedure evaluation factors, verification tests and inspection results of welding joints, and qualifies the proposed preliminary welding procedure specification
4 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
CE: Carbon Equivalent
CTOD: Crack Tip Open Displacement
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Abbreviations
5 Basic requirements
5.1 Welding equipment and instrument
5.2 Materials
5.3 Personnel
5.4 Welding procedures
5.5 Welding environment
6 Welding procedure qualification
6.1 General requirements
6.2 Records
6.3 Procedure specification
6.4 Basic elements of welding procedure qualification
6.5 Welding of test pipe joints - butt welding
6.6 Testing of welded joints - butt welding
6.7 Welding of test pipe joints - fillet welding
6.8 Testing of welded joints - fillet welding
7 Welder qualification
7.1 General requirements
7.2 Qualification examination
7.3 Single-item qualification
7.4 All-item qualification
7.5 Appearance inspection of welding joints for exams
7.6 Collapse test
7.7 Nondestructive testing of welding components for exams - butt welding only
7.8 Make-up exam
7.9 Records
8 Field weld
8.1 General requirements
8.2 Pipe orifice assembling
8.3 Requirements for use of aligners
8.4 Groove
8.5 Climatic conditions
8.6 Working space
8.7 Interlayer cleaning
8.8 Welding
8.9 Marking of weld joint
8.10 Preheat, interpass temperature, postheat and postweld heat treatment
9 Weld inspection and personnel qualification
9.1 Inspection contents
9.2 Inspection methods
9.3 Requirements for nondestructive testing personnel
10 Nondestructive testing acceptance
10.1 Radiographic testing, X-ray digital imaging testing, and X-ray computer-aided imaging testing
10.2 Magnetic particle testing
10.3 Penetrant testing
10.4 Ultrasonic testing, fully automated ultrasonic testing, and phased array ultrasonic testing
10.5 Visual inspection of undercut edges
10.6 Visual inspection of internal concavity
11 Removal and repair of defects
11.1 Crack
11.2 Non-crack defects
11.3 Repair requirements
11.4 Repair welding procedure specification
11.5 Basic elements of repair welding procedure qualification
11.6 Welding of butt welded test pipe joints
11.7 Testing of butt welded joints
11.8 Repair welder qualification examination
11.9 Acceptance standard
12 Nondestructive testing methods
12.1 Radiographic testing
12.2 X-ray digital imaging testing
12.3 X-ray computed radiographic testing
12.4 Magnetic particle testing
12.5 Penetrant testing
12.6 Ultrasonic testing
12.7 Phased array ultrasonic testing
12.8 Fully automatic ultrasonic testing
13 Mechanized welding with filling metal
13.1 Applicable welding methods
13.2 Welding procedure qualification
13.3 Records
13.4 Welding procedure specification (WPS)
13.5 Basic elements of welding procedure qualification for mechanized welding
13.6 Welding of butt welded test pipe joints
13.7 Qualification examination for mechanized welding welders
13.8 Records of qualified mechanized welding operators
13.9 Inspection and testing of field welds
13.10 Acceptance standard for nondestructive testing
13.11 Repair and removal of defects
13.12 Radiographic testing
13.13 Ultrasonic testing
Annex A (Normative) Additional acceptance standard for girth welds
A.1 General
A.2 Stress analysis
A.3 Welding processes
A.4 Welder qualification
A.5 Testing and acceptable critical dimensions
A.6 Records
A.7 Repair
A.8 Symbols
Annex B (Normative) Welding technology of in-service pipings and pipelines
B.1 General
B.2 Welding procedure qualification of in-service pipings and pipelines
B.3 Welder qualification for in-service pipings and pipelines
B.4 Recommended practice for welding in-service pipings and pipelines
B.5 Inspection and test of weld of in-service pipings and pipelines
B.6 Nondestructive testing acceptance standard (including visual inspection)
B.7 Repair of weld of in-service pipings and pipelines
Annex C (Informative) Welding report sheet
Bibliography
Foreword
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents.
This document replaces GB/T 31032-2014 Welding and acceptance standard for steel pipings and pipelines. In addition to structural adjustments and editorial, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 31032-2014:
a) The scope of application has been changed, changing the term "gas" to "natural gas" in the applicable medium, changing the scope of application from "transmission pipelines, pipe networks, valve chambers, and stations" to "long-distance pipings and pipelines, gathering pipings and pipelines", deleting the "gas welding" welding method, and adding acceptance requirements such as X-ray digital imaging detection and X-ray computer-aided imaging detection (see Clause 1 hereof; and Clause 1 of Edition 2014);
b) The terms and definitions of "owner", "contractor", "root welding", "repair", "weld", "display", "qualified welder", "welder examination" and "welding procedure qualification" have been deleted (see 3.1, 3.2, 3.5, 3.9, 3.12, 3.16, 3.18, 3.19 and 3.21 of Edition 2014);
c) The terms and definitions of “welding procedure qualification record” "automatic welding", "root bead", "back welding", "repair welding", "full thickness repair", “partial thickness repair” "back weld repair", "double repair", "rework", "welding heat input" preheat temperature", “interpass temperature” "postweld heat treatment", "hollow bead", "temper bead" and "weld deposition repair" have been added (see 3.2, 3.5, 3.10, 3.11, 3.15 ~ 3.24, 3.28 ~ 3.30)
d) The definitions of the terms "preliminary welding procedure specification", "welding procedure specification", "mechanized welding, "roll welding", "position welding", "defect", and "internal concavity" have been changed (see 3.1, 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 3.8, 3.26, 3.27 hereof; and 3.20, 3.22, 3.3, 3.10, 3.11, 3.15, and 3.17 of Edition 2014);
e) The clause “abbreviations” is added (see Clause 4);
f) The content of personnel, welding process, and welding environment has been added (see Clause 5);
g) The specific requirements for pipes and fittings have been changed (see 5.2.1 hereof; and 4.2.1 of Edition 2014);
h) The filling material type and specifications have been changed (see 5.2.2.1; and 4.2.2.1 of Edition 2014);
Welding and acceptance standard for steel pipings and pipelines
1 Scope
This document specifies the arc welding process for butt joints, corner joints and socket joints of carbon steel and low alloy steel pipes and pipe fittings of long-distance pipings and pipelines and gathering pipings and pipelines with crude oil, refined oil, natural gas, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
The welding methods to which this document applies are electrode arc welding, submerged arc welding, fused and non-fused gas shielded arc welding, flux-cored wire arc welding, plasma arc welding or a combination thereof. The welding methods are manual welding, semi-automatic welding, mechanized welding, automatic welding or a combination thereof. The welding position is position welding, roll welding or a combination thereof.
This document also specifies the acceptance requirements for radiographic inspection, X-ray digital imaging inspection, X-ray computer-aided imaging inspection, magnetic particle inspection, penetrant inspection, ultrasonic inspection, fully automatic ultrasonic inspection, phased array ultrasonic inspection and the use of destructive tests for welded joints.
This document is applicable to the welding of newly built, renovated, expanded and in-service pipings and pipelines.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 226 Test method for macrostructure and defect of steel by etching
GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
GB/T 229 Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test method
GB/T 2653 Bend test methods on welded joints
GB/T 3091 Welded steel pipes for low pressure liquid delivery
GB/T 4157 Laboratory testing of metals for resistance to sulfide stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking in H2S environment
GB/T 4340 (All parts) Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test
GB/T 5117 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels
GB/T 5293 Solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and electrode/flux combinations for submerged arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels - Classification
GB/T 5310 Seamless steel tubes and pipes for high pressure boiler
GB/T 6479 Seamless steel tubes for high-pressure for chemical fertilizer equipment
GB/T 8110 Wire electrodes and weld deposits for gas shielded metal arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels
GB/T 8163 Seamless steel pipes for liquid service
GB/T 8650 Evaluation of pipeline and pressure vessel steels for resistance to hydrogen-induced cracking
GB/T 9711 Petroleum and natural gas industries - Steel pipe for pipeline transportation systems
GB/T 10045 Tubular cored electrodes for non-alloy and fine grain steels
GB/T 13401 Steel buttwelding pipe fittings - Technical specification
GB/T 14383 Forged fittings, socket-welding and threaded
GB/T 20972.2 Petroleum and natural gas industries - Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production - Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low alloy steels and the use of cast irons
GB/T 28896 Metallic materials - Method of test for the determination of toughness of welds
GB/T 29168 (All parts) Petroleum and natural gas industries - Induction bends, fittings and flanges for: pipeline transportation systems
GB/T 32533 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of high-strength steels
GB/T 36034 Solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and electrode/flux combinations for submerged arc welding of high strength steels - Classification
GB/T 36233 Tubular cored electrodes for high-strength steels
GB/T 39255 Gases and gas mixtures for welding and cutting processes
GB/T 39280 Rods, wires and deposits for tungsten inert gas welding of non alloy and fine grain steels
GB/T 39281 Wire electrodes, wires, rods and deposits for gas shielded arc welding of high strength steels
GB/T 50818 Mechanized ultrasonic testing technology specification for oil & gas construction pipeline project
SY/T 4109 Nondestructive testing standard of oil and gas steel pipeline
SY/T 6554 Safe hot tapping practices in the petroleum
BS 7910 Guide to methods for assessing the acceptance of cracks in metal structures
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
preliminary welding procedure specification
welding procedure document prepared for welding procedure qualification
3.2
welding procedure qualification record
report that records the details of welding procedure evaluation factors, verification tests and inspection results of welding joints, and qualifies the proposed preliminary welding procedure specification
4 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
CE: Carbon Equivalent
CTOD: Crack Tip Open Displacement
Contents of GB/T 31032-2023
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Abbreviations
5 Basic requirements
5.1 Welding equipment and instrument
5.2 Materials
5.3 Personnel
5.4 Welding procedures
5.5 Welding environment
6 Welding procedure qualification
6.1 General requirements
6.2 Records
6.3 Procedure specification
6.4 Basic elements of welding procedure qualification
6.5 Welding of test pipe joints - butt welding
6.6 Testing of welded joints - butt welding
6.7 Welding of test pipe joints - fillet welding
6.8 Testing of welded joints - fillet welding
7 Welder qualification
7.1 General requirements
7.2 Qualification examination
7.3 Single-item qualification
7.4 All-item qualification
7.5 Appearance inspection of welding joints for exams
7.6 Collapse test
7.7 Nondestructive testing of welding components for exams - butt welding only
7.8 Make-up exam
7.9 Records
8 Field weld
8.1 General requirements
8.2 Pipe orifice assembling
8.3 Requirements for use of aligners
8.4 Groove
8.5 Climatic conditions
8.6 Working space
8.7 Interlayer cleaning
8.8 Welding
8.9 Marking of weld joint
8.10 Preheat, interpass temperature, postheat and postweld heat treatment
9 Weld inspection and personnel qualification
9.1 Inspection contents
9.2 Inspection methods
9.3 Requirements for nondestructive testing personnel
10 Nondestructive testing acceptance
10.1 Radiographic testing, X-ray digital imaging testing, and X-ray computer-aided imaging testing
10.2 Magnetic particle testing
10.3 Penetrant testing
10.4 Ultrasonic testing, fully automated ultrasonic testing, and phased array ultrasonic testing
10.5 Visual inspection of undercut edges
10.6 Visual inspection of internal concavity
11 Removal and repair of defects
11.1 Crack
11.2 Non-crack defects
11.3 Repair requirements
11.4 Repair welding procedure specification
11.5 Basic elements of repair welding procedure qualification
11.6 Welding of butt welded test pipe joints
11.7 Testing of butt welded joints
11.8 Repair welder qualification examination
11.9 Acceptance standard
12 Nondestructive testing methods
12.1 Radiographic testing
12.2 X-ray digital imaging testing
12.3 X-ray computed radiographic testing
12.4 Magnetic particle testing
12.5 Penetrant testing
12.6 Ultrasonic testing
12.7 Phased array ultrasonic testing
12.8 Fully automatic ultrasonic testing
13 Mechanized welding with filling metal
13.1 Applicable welding methods
13.2 Welding procedure qualification
13.3 Records
13.4 Welding procedure specification (WPS)
13.5 Basic elements of welding procedure qualification for mechanized welding
13.6 Welding of butt welded test pipe joints
13.7 Qualification examination for mechanized welding welders
13.8 Records of qualified mechanized welding operators
13.9 Inspection and testing of field welds
13.10 Acceptance standard for nondestructive testing
13.11 Repair and removal of defects
13.12 Radiographic testing
13.13 Ultrasonic testing
Annex A (Normative) Additional acceptance standard for girth welds
A.1 General
A.2 Stress analysis
A.3 Welding processes
A.4 Welder qualification
A.5 Testing and acceptable critical dimensions
A.6 Records
A.7 Repair
A.8 Symbols
Annex B (Normative) Welding technology of in-service pipings and pipelines
B.1 General
B.2 Welding procedure qualification of in-service pipings and pipelines
B.3 Welder qualification for in-service pipings and pipelines
B.4 Recommended practice for welding in-service pipings and pipelines
B.5 Inspection and test of weld of in-service pipings and pipelines
B.6 Nondestructive testing acceptance standard (including visual inspection)
B.7 Repair of weld of in-service pipings and pipelines
Annex C (Informative) Welding report sheet
Bibliography
