Electrical performance test methods for lithium-ion traction battery pack and system of electric vehicles
1 Scope
This document specifies the test methods for the electrical performance of lithium-ion traction battery pack and system of electric vehicles.
This document is applicable to the research, development, and test of lithium-ion traction battery pack and system of electric vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB 38031 Electric vehicles traction battery safety requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 19596 and GB 38031 and the following apply.
3.1
high energy application
characteristic of device or application, for which the numerical ratio between maximum allowed continuous electric power output (W) and electric energy output (W·h) at a 1 C discharge rate at room temperature for a battery pack or system is lower than 10
Note: High-energy batteries are typically used in battery electric vehicle (BEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV).
3.2
high power application
characteristic of device or application, for which the numerical ratio between maximum allowed continuous electric power output (W) and electric energy output (W·h) at a 1 C discharge rate at room temperature for a battery pack or system is equal to or higher than 10
Note: High-power batteries are typically used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).
3.3
energy density
electrical energy released by the average unit mass of the battery pack or system
Note: The energy density is expressed in watt hours per kilogram (W·h/kg).
3.4
energy round trip efficiency
ratio of the total energy discharged from the battery pack or system to the total energy charged to it during the test process
Note: The total energy charged to and discharged from the battery pack or system is expressed in watt hours (W·h).
4 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply.
BCU: Battery Control Unit
FS: Full Scale
RT: Room Temperature
SOC: State-of-Charge
Imax(T): maximum allowed continuous discharge current at a test ambient temperature T
I'max(SOC, T, t): maximum allowed discharge current at a given SOC, test ambient temperature T, and pulse duration t;
n C: current rate equal to n times the one hour discharge capacity
η: efficiency
5 General test conditions
5.1 General conditions
5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the tests shall be conducted in an environment with a room temperature (RT) of 25°C ± 2°C, relative humidity of 10%–90%, and an atmospheric pressure of 86 kPa – 106 kPa.
5.1.2 The necessary documentation for operation and needed interface parts for connection to the test equipment (i.e. connectors, plugs, including cooling interface) shall be delivered together with the test sample. See Annex A for the typical structures of battery packs and systems. Manufacturers shall provide the safe operating limits of the battery pack or system to ensure the safety of the test.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviations
5 General test conditions
5.1 General conditions
5.2 Requirements for accuracy of test instrument
5.3 Data recording and its interval
5.4 Test preparation
6 General tests
6.1 Preconditioning cycles
6.2 Standard cycles
6.3 Method of adjusting SOC to test target value n%
7 Basic performance tests
7.1 Appearance
7.2 Polarity
7.3 Mass and overall dimensions
7.4 Capacity and energy
7.5 Power and internal resistance
7.6 No-load capacity loss
7.7 Capacity loss at storage
7.8 Cranking power at high and low temperatures
7.9 Energy round trip efficiency
7.10 Energy density
7.11 Charge performance
7.12 Discharge at operating conditions
Annex A (Informative) Typical configurations of battery pack and system
A.1 Battery pack
A.2 Battery system
Annex B (Informative) Test items of battery pack or system
Electrical performance test methods for lithium-ion traction battery pack and system of electric vehicles
1 Scope
This document specifies the test methods for the electrical performance of lithium-ion traction battery pack and system of electric vehicles.
This document is applicable to the research, development, and test of lithium-ion traction battery pack and system of electric vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB 38031 Electric vehicles traction battery safety requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 19596 and GB 38031 and the following apply.
3.1
high energy application
characteristic of device or application, for which the numerical ratio between maximum allowed continuous electric power output (W) and electric energy output (W·h) at a 1 C discharge rate at room temperature for a battery pack or system is lower than 10
Note: High-energy batteries are typically used in battery electric vehicle (BEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV).
3.2
high power application
characteristic of device or application, for which the numerical ratio between maximum allowed continuous electric power output (W) and electric energy output (W·h) at a 1 C discharge rate at room temperature for a battery pack or system is equal to or higher than 10
Note: High-power batteries are typically used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).
3.3
energy density
electrical energy released by the average unit mass of the battery pack or system
Note: The energy density is expressed in watt hours per kilogram (W·h/kg).
3.4
energy round trip efficiency
ratio of the total energy discharged from the battery pack or system to the total energy charged to it during the test process
Note: The total energy charged to and discharged from the battery pack or system is expressed in watt hours (W·h).
4 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply.
BCU: Battery Control Unit
FS: Full Scale
RT: Room Temperature
SOC: State-of-Charge
Imax(T): maximum allowed continuous discharge current at a test ambient temperature T
I'max(SOC, T, t): maximum allowed discharge current at a given SOC, test ambient temperature T, and pulse duration t;
n C: current rate equal to n times the one hour discharge capacity
η: efficiency
5 General test conditions
5.1 General conditions
5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the tests shall be conducted in an environment with a room temperature (RT) of 25°C ± 2°C, relative humidity of 10%–90%, and an atmospheric pressure of 86 kPa – 106 kPa.
5.1.2 The necessary documentation for operation and needed interface parts for connection to the test equipment (i.e. connectors, plugs, including cooling interface) shall be delivered together with the test sample. See Annex A for the typical structures of battery packs and systems. Manufacturers shall provide the safe operating limits of the battery pack or system to ensure the safety of the test.
Contents of GB/T 31467-2023
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviations
5 General test conditions
5.1 General conditions
5.2 Requirements for accuracy of test instrument
5.3 Data recording and its interval
5.4 Test preparation
6 General tests
6.1 Preconditioning cycles
6.2 Standard cycles
6.3 Method of adjusting SOC to test target value n%
7 Basic performance tests
7.1 Appearance
7.2 Polarity
7.3 Mass and overall dimensions
7.4 Capacity and energy
7.5 Power and internal resistance
7.6 No-load capacity loss
7.7 Capacity loss at storage
7.8 Cranking power at high and low temperatures
7.9 Energy round trip efficiency
7.10 Energy density
7.11 Charge performance
7.12 Discharge at operating conditions
Annex A (Informative) Typical configurations of battery pack and system
A.1 Battery pack
A.2 Battery system
Annex B (Informative) Test items of battery pack or system
