Plastics - Phenolic resins -
Determination of heats and temperatures of reaction by differential scanning calorimetry
1 Scope
1.1 This standard specifies a method for the determination of heats and temperatures of reaction of phenolic resins by differential scanning calorimetry.
1.2 The method is applicable to phenolic resins with exothermic behaviour, such as resols or mixtures of novolaks with hexamethylenetetramine or other curing agents.
1.3 The method is useful for the characterization of products and for research.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2035-2008 Terms and definitions for plastics (ISO 472: 1999, IDT)
ISO 5725: 1986 Precision of test methods - Determination of repeatability and reproducibility for a standard test method by inter-laboratory tests
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
differential scanning calorimetry; DSC
technique whereby the difference in energy absorbed or released by a polymer and by a reference material is measured as a function of temperature and/or time while the polymer and the reference are subjected to the same temperature schedule
3.2
phenolic resin
a class of resins made by polycondensation of phenol, its homologues and/or derivatives, with aldehydes or ketones
3.3
novolac
non-self-curing, soluble, fusible phenolic resins that remain stable when stored, the phenol nuclei of which are linked primarily by methylene bridges. Novolaks can be made to react further and crosslink by the addition of hardeners; heating is also usually necessary.
See the content about novolac in GB/T 2035-2008.
3.4
resole
soluble, fusible phenolic resins which, in contrast to novolaks, contain methylol groups and methylene-ether and sometimes also methyleneamine bridges, which are self-curing, crosslink into insoluble products when heated and/or mixed with catalysts, without addition of further reaction components, and are perishable and can be stored for a limited time only
Note: For the purpose of this standard, the term “heat” and “heat of reaction” used throughout the text are equivalent to the terms “enthalpy” and “enthalpy of reaction”.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Test method
Plastics - Phenolic resins -
Determination of heats and temperatures of reaction by differential scanning calorimetry
1 Scope
1.1 This standard specifies a method for the determination of heats and temperatures of reaction of phenolic resins by differential scanning calorimetry.
1.2 The method is applicable to phenolic resins with exothermic behaviour, such as resols or mixtures of novolaks with hexamethylenetetramine or other curing agents.
1.3 The method is useful for the characterization of products and for research.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2035-2008 Terms and definitions for plastics (ISO 472: 1999, IDT)
ISO 5725: 1986 Precision of test methods - Determination of repeatability and reproducibility for a standard test method by inter-laboratory tests
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
differential scanning calorimetry; DSC
technique whereby the difference in energy absorbed or released by a polymer and by a reference material is measured as a function of temperature and/or time while the polymer and the reference are subjected to the same temperature schedule
3.2
phenolic resin
a class of resins made by polycondensation of phenol, its homologues and/or derivatives, with aldehydes or ketones
3.3
novolac
non-self-curing, soluble, fusible phenolic resins that remain stable when stored, the phenol nuclei of which are linked primarily by methylene bridges. Novolaks can be made to react further and crosslink by the addition of hardeners; heating is also usually necessary.
See the content about novolac in GB/T 2035-2008.
3.4
resole
soluble, fusible phenolic resins which, in contrast to novolaks, contain methylol groups and methylene-ether and sometimes also methyleneamine bridges, which are self-curing, crosslink into insoluble products when heated and/or mixed with catalysts, without addition of further reaction components, and are perishable and can be stored for a limited time only
Note: For the purpose of this standard, the term “heat” and “heat of reaction” used throughout the text are equivalent to the terms “enthalpy” and “enthalpy of reaction”.
Contents of GB/T 32681-2016
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Test method
