GB/T 36237-2023 Wind energy generation systems - Generic electircal simulation models
1 Scope
This document defines standard electrical simulation models for wind turbines and wind
power plants. The specified models are time domain positive sequence simulation models, intended to be used in power system and grid stability analyses. The models are applicable for dynamic simulations of short term stability in power systems.
This document defines the generic terms and parameters for the electrical simulation models.
This document specifies electrical simulation models for the generic wind power plant topologies / configurations currently on the market. The wind power plant models include wind turbines, wind power plant control and auxiliary equipment. The wind power plant models are described in a modular way which can be applied for future wind power plant concepts and with different wind turbine concepts.
This document specifies electrical simulation models for the generic wind turbine topologies/concepts/configurations currently on the market. The purpose of the models is to specify the electrical characteristics of a wind turbine at the wind turbine terminals. The wind turbine models are described in a modular way which can be applied for future wind turbine concepts. The specified wind turbine models can either be used in wind power plant models or to represent wind turbines without wind power plant relationships.
The electrical simulation models specified in this document are independent of any software simulation tool.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-4 5, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Part 415: Wind turbine generator systems (available at www.electropedia.org)
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviations and subscripts
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-415 and the following apply.
3.1.1
auxiliary equipment
STATCOM or other device supplementing wind turbines in wind power plant
3.1.2
available power
maximum possible power taking into account wind speed, power rating, rotor speed limits and pitch angle constraints
Note: The aerodynamic power cannot be greater than available power.
3.1.3
base unit
unit of parameter values, which is the per-unit base value if the parameter is given in per-unit or the physical unit if the value is given in a physical unit
3.1.4
fault ride through
ability of a wind turbine or wind power plant to stay connected during voltage dips (under voltage ride through) and voltage swells (over voltage ride through)
3.1.5
generator sign convention
specification of signs for active and reactive components of current and power e.g. from a wind turbine or a reactive power compensation component
Note: The active current and power are positive if power is generated and negative if power is consumed. Likewise, the reactive current and reactive power are positive if reactive power is generated as in the case of a capacitor and negative if reactive power is consumed as in the case of a reactance.
3.1.6
generic model
model that can be adapted to simulate different wind turbines or wind power plants by changing the model parameters
3.1.7
grid variable
voltage, current or frequency
3.1.8
hook
input to or output from a module which is not used in the generic models specified in this
standard but may be used to expand generic models beyond this document scope e.g. to match manufacturer specific models or to match specific national grid connection requirements
3.1.9
integration time step
simulation time interval between two consecutive numerical solutions of the model’s differential equations
3.1.10
module
part of a model which has a modular structure
3.1.11
negative (sequence) component (of a three-phase system)
one of the three symmetrical sequence components which exists only in an unsymmetrical three-phase system of sinusoidal quantities and which is defined by the following complex mathematical expression:
3.1.12
nominal active power
nominal value of active power which is stated by the manufacturer and is used as per-unit base for all powers (active, reactive, apparent)
[SOURCE: IEC 61400-21-1:2019, 3.15, modified.]
3.1.13
nominal frequency
nominal value of wind turbine frequency stated by the manufacturer
3.1.14
nominal voltage
nominal value of wind turbine phase-to-phase voltage stated by the manufacturer
3.1.15
over voltage ride through
ability of a wind turbine or wind power plant to stay connected during voltage swells
3.1.16
phasor
complex RMS value
representation of a sinusoidal integral quantity by a complex quantity whose argument is equal to the initial phase and whose modulus is equal to the RMS value
3.1.17
point of connection
reference point on the electric power system where the user’s electrical facility is connected
[SOURCE: GB/T 2900.87-2011,, 617-04-01]
GB/T 36237-2023 Wind energy generation systems - Generic electircal simulation models
1 Scope
This document defines standard electrical simulation models for wind turbines and wind
power plants. The specified models are time domain positive sequence simulation models, intended to be used in power system and grid stability analyses. The models are applicable for dynamic simulations of short term stability in power systems.
This document defines the generic terms and parameters for the electrical simulation models.
This document specifies electrical simulation models for the generic wind power plant topologies / configurations currently on the market. The wind power plant models include wind turbines, wind power plant control and auxiliary equipment. The wind power plant models are described in a modular way which can be applied for future wind power plant concepts and with different wind turbine concepts.
This document specifies electrical simulation models for the generic wind turbine topologies/concepts/configurations currently on the market. The purpose of the models is to specify the electrical characteristics of a wind turbine at the wind turbine terminals. The wind turbine models are described in a modular way which can be applied for future wind turbine concepts. The specified wind turbine models can either be used in wind power plant models or to represent wind turbines without wind power plant relationships.
The electrical simulation models specified in this document are independent of any software simulation tool.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-4 5, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Part 415: Wind turbine generator systems (available at www.electropedia.org)
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviations and subscripts
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-415 and the following apply.
3.1.1
auxiliary equipment
STATCOM or other device supplementing wind turbines in wind power plant
3.1.2
available power
maximum possible power taking into account wind speed, power rating, rotor speed limits and pitch angle constraints
Note: The aerodynamic power cannot be greater than available power.
3.1.3
base unit
unit of parameter values, which is the per-unit base value if the parameter is given in per-unit or the physical unit if the value is given in a physical unit
3.1.4
fault ride through
ability of a wind turbine or wind power plant to stay connected during voltage dips (under voltage ride through) and voltage swells (over voltage ride through)
3.1.5
generator sign convention
specification of signs for active and reactive components of current and power e.g. from a wind turbine or a reactive power compensation component
Note: The active current and power are positive if power is generated and negative if power is consumed. Likewise, the reactive current and reactive power are positive if reactive power is generated as in the case of a capacitor and negative if reactive power is consumed as in the case of a reactance.
3.1.6
generic model
model that can be adapted to simulate different wind turbines or wind power plants by changing the model parameters
3.1.7
grid variable
voltage, current or frequency
3.1.8
hook
input to or output from a module which is not used in the generic models specified in this
standard but may be used to expand generic models beyond this document scope e.g. to match manufacturer specific models or to match specific national grid connection requirements
3.1.9
integration time step
simulation time interval between two consecutive numerical solutions of the model’s differential equations
3.1.10
module
part of a model which has a modular structure
3.1.11
negative (sequence) component (of a three-phase system)
one of the three symmetrical sequence components which exists only in an unsymmetrical three-phase system of sinusoidal quantities and which is defined by the following complex mathematical expression:
3.1.12
nominal active power
nominal value of active power which is stated by the manufacturer and is used as per-unit base for all powers (active, reactive, apparent)
[SOURCE: IEC 61400-21-1:2019, 3.15, modified.]
3.1.13
nominal frequency
nominal value of wind turbine frequency stated by the manufacturer
3.1.14
nominal voltage
nominal value of wind turbine phase-to-phase voltage stated by the manufacturer
3.1.15
over voltage ride through
ability of a wind turbine or wind power plant to stay connected during voltage swells
3.1.16
phasor
complex RMS value
representation of a sinusoidal integral quantity by a complex quantity whose argument is equal to the initial phase and whose modulus is equal to the RMS value
3.1.17
point of connection
reference point on the electric power system where the user’s electrical facility is connected
[SOURCE: GB/T 2900.87-2011,, 617-04-01]
