GB/T 38408-2019 Leather - Identification - Method of microscopy
1 Scope
This standard specifies the microscopic identification method of leather.
This standard is applicable to the material identification of all kinds of leather and its products, and leather fibre board may use it as a reference.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 22889 Physical and mechanical tests of leather - Determination of surface coating thickness
QB/T 2262 Definitions of terms for leather industry
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
leather
non-perishable material made from rawhide with a roughly complete natural fiber structure by tanning
Note 1: It is revised from GB/T 2622: 1996, Definition 4.1.
Note 2: The hair on the skin is generally removed, but it may also be intentionally left unremoved
Note 3: Leather may be made of rawhide or leather pieces cut into several layers. The splitting can be performed before or after tanning.
Note 4: The usable surface of leather may be surface modified by finishing and film transfer, etc., or may not be.
3.2
grain
outermost layer of animal skin after being processed to remove hair and epidermis
Note: According to different animal species, there are differences in the shape, size, arrangement and surface texture of pores attached to the grain surface.
3.3
grain leather
top leather
leather with grains (layer)
Note: Grain leather (top leather) includes full grain leather, light ground leather, modified leather and normal suede leather, etc.
3.4
split leather
leather composed of a reticular layer (flesh layer) of fibers without grain layer
3.5
leather fibre board
sheet-like or plate-like material similar to leather by pressing, gluing, laminating and other processes with small pieces, particles, powders and other shapes crushed from tanned leather, as the main raw material
4 Principle
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Equipment and materials
6 Sampling and preparation of specimens
7 Identification process
8 Identification and presentation of results
9 Test report
Annex A (Informative) Surface and longitudinal section structure of common animal leathers
Annex B (Informative) Structural morphology of longitudinal sections of three synthetic materials
GB/T 38408-2019 Leather - Identification - Method of microscopy
1 Scope
This standard specifies the microscopic identification method of leather.
This standard is applicable to the material identification of all kinds of leather and its products, and leather fibre board may use it as a reference.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 22889 Physical and mechanical tests of leather - Determination of surface coating thickness
QB/T 2262 Definitions of terms for leather industry
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
leather
non-perishable material made from rawhide with a roughly complete natural fiber structure by tanning
Note 1: It is revised from GB/T 2622: 1996, Definition 4.1.
Note 2: The hair on the skin is generally removed, but it may also be intentionally left unremoved
Note 3: Leather may be made of rawhide or leather pieces cut into several layers. The splitting can be performed before or after tanning.
Note 4: The usable surface of leather may be surface modified by finishing and film transfer, etc., or may not be.
3.2
grain
outermost layer of animal skin after being processed to remove hair and epidermis
Note: According to different animal species, there are differences in the shape, size, arrangement and surface texture of pores attached to the grain surface.
3.3
grain leather
top leather
leather with grains (layer)
Note: Grain leather (top leather) includes full grain leather, light ground leather, modified leather and normal suede leather, etc.
3.4
split leather
leather composed of a reticular layer (flesh layer) of fibers without grain layer
3.5
leather fibre board
sheet-like or plate-like material similar to leather by pressing, gluing, laminating and other processes with small pieces, particles, powders and other shapes crushed from tanned leather, as the main raw material
4 Principle
Contents of GB/T 38408-2019
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Equipment and materials
6 Sampling and preparation of specimens
7 Identification process
8 Identification and presentation of results
9 Test report
Annex A (Informative) Surface and longitudinal section structure of common animal leathers
Annex B (Informative) Structural morphology of longitudinal sections of three synthetic materials
