Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part is modified in relation to ISO 8124-5:2015 Safety of toys - Part 5: Determination of total concentration of certain elements in toys.
The following structural adjustments have been made with respect to ISO 8124-5:2015:
——In Clause 3, the order of term entries is adjusted according to the referenced order of terms in the standard text.
——In Clause 5, two new entries are added, and the entries’ order is adjusted according to the referenced order of instruments and equipment in the standard text.
——In Clause 8, the suspension paragraph in the original international standard is added and regarded as “8.1 General”.
Compared with ISO 8124-5:2015, this standard has the following technical differences and causes:
——The adjustments of technical deviations are made for the normative references in this standard so as to adapt to the technical conditions of China. The adjustment is mainly reflected in Clause 2 "Normative reference". The specific adjustments are as follows:
● ISO 8124-1 is replaced by GB 6675.2, which is modified in relation to the international standard;
● ISO 8124-3 is replaced by GB 6675.4, which is modified in relation to the international standard;
● ISO 3696 is replaced by GB/T 6682, which is modified in relation to international standard;
● GB 6675.14 is added for reference;
——As the limit of migration elements for finger paints in GB 6675.4 is different from the requirements specified in ISO 8124-3, the requirements of detection limit of finger paints in test methods of Clause 9 are different from ISO 8124-5 (see Clause 9);
——In daily inspection, some paints contain Ti, Zr and other elements which cannot be completely digested according to the method specified in this standard, so an optional acid system is added in Annex A, A.4.2 (see Annex A);
——Annex B is added, and precision data is supplemented.
The following editorial changes have been made in this standard:
——In order to be consistent with China's technical standard system, the name of this standard is changed to Determination of total concentration of certain elements in toys;
——The symbols in equations are modified.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This standard was proposed by the China National Light Industry Council.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 253 National Technical Committee on Toy of Standardization Administration of China.
Determination of total concentration of certain elements in toys
Warning: the personnel using this standard shall have practical experience in standard laboratory work. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. The operator shall take proper safety and health measures which shall be in accordance with relevant national regulations.
1 Scope
1.1 This standard specifies methods of sampling and digestion prior to analysis of the total concentration of the elements antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and selenium from toy materials and from parts of toys.
Note: Other elements can be determined by this method provided adequate analytical performance is demonstrated. Manufacturers are encouraged to apply the test methods of this standard and the limits from GB 6675.4-2014 to raw materials used in the manufacture of toys to give increased certainty of conformity to the requirements of GB 6675.4-2014.
1.2 This standard is applicable to the following types of toy materials:
——coatings of paints, varnishes, lacquers, printing inks, polymers, and similar coatings;
——polymeric and similar materials, including laminates, whether textile-reinforced or not, but excluding other textiles;
——paper, paperboard and cardboard;
——natural or synthetic textiles;
——metallic materials whether coated or not;
——other materials, whether mass-coloured or not (e.g. wood, fibreboard, hardboard, bone, and leather);
——materials intended to leave a trace (e.g. the graphite materials in pencils and liquid ink in pens);
——pliable modelling materials, including modelling clays and gels;
——paints to be used as such in the toy, including finger paints, varnishes, lacquers, enamel powder and similar materials in solid or liquid form;
——packaging materials that form part of the toy or have intended play value.
Note: Digestion methods for glass, ceramic, and other siliceous materials or fluorinated polymers or fluorinated polymer coatings are not described, and these types of materials are outside the scope of this standard (see Annex A, A.1).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 6675.2 Safety of toys - Part 2: Mechanical and physical properties (GB 6675.2-2014, ISO 8124-1:2000, MOD)
GB 6675.4 Safety of Toys - Part 4: Migration of certain elements (GB 6675.4-2014, ISO 8124-3:2010, MOD)
GB 6675.14 Safety of toys - Part 14: Requirements and test methods of finger paints
GB/T 6682 Water for Analytical Laboratory Use - Specification and Test Methods (GB/T 6682-2008, ISO 3696:1987, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
base material
material upon which coatings (3.2) can be formed or deposited
3.2
coating
all layers of material formed or deposited on the base material of a toy, including paints, varnishes, lacquers, inks, polymers, or other substances of a similar nature, whether they contain metallic particles or not, no matter how they have been applied to the toy
Note: This definition includes metallic coatings deposited on a metal surface such as an electroplated coating. However, electroplating will only require testing if it can be removed by scraping (3.6); otherwise, it may be tested with the base material.
3.3
laboratory sample
toy either in the form in which it is marketed, or in the form in which it is intended to be marketed
3.4
test portion
single material taken from an accessible part of a laboratory sample (3.3)
3.5
composite test portion
test portion that is composed of more than one similar material type or colour of material
Note: This definition precludes the compositing of dissimilar materials, e.g. compositing textiles and paint coatings are not permitted.
3.6
scraping
mechanical process for removal of coatings (3.2) down to the base material (3.1)
3.7
complete digestion
complete breakdown of the original material leaving only insoluble residues
3.8
sample blank
solution that has undergone the same digestion processes used for the digestion of test portions (3.4) and consists of all reagents excluding the test portion
3.9
detection limit of a method
three times the standard deviation of the result obtained in the sample blank (3.8) using the method adopted by laboratory
4 Principle
The prepared test portion is digested in highly acidic conditions at high temperature using a hot plate digestion, a hot block digestion technique, or a microwave digestion system. Hot acid digestion destroys the material matrix allowing the elements of interest to be solubilized. The certain elements in the digestion solution are determined by appropriate analytical instruments.
5 Reagents and apparatus
5.1 Reagents
Only reagents of analytical grade or above shall be used. The concentration of the analyte or interfering substances in the reagents and water shall be negligible compared to the lowest concentration to be determined.
5.1.1 Water, of at least grade 3 purity, in accordance with GB/T 6682.
5.1.2 Nitric acid, concentrated, 1.40g/mL, 65% (v/v), "analytical" grade.
5.1.3 Nitric acid, 10% (v/v): add 100mL concentrated nitric acid (5.1.2) to 500mL water (5.1.1). Dilute to 1 000mL with water (5.1.1).
5.1.4 Hydrochloric acid, concentrated, 1.19g/mL, 37% (v/v), "analytical" grade.
5.1.5 Hydrogen peroxide, 1.11 g/mL, 30% (v/v), "analytical" grade.
Note: Hydrogen peroxide is not stabilized, so it must be stored at cold (4℃ or less) temperatures.
5.1.6 Methylene chloride, “analytical" grade.
5.1.7 Acetone/ethanol solution, 1:1 mixture of absolute ethanol and acetone ("analytical" grades).
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Reagents and apparatus
6 Selection and composition of test portions
7 Preparation of test portions
8 Digestion and analysis of test portions
9 Detection limit of a method
10 Expression of results
11 Precision
12 Test report
Annex A (Informative) Background and rationale
Annex B (Informative) Precision data obtained from laboratory test results
Bibliography
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part is modified in relation to ISO 8124-5:2015 Safety of toys - Part 5: Determination of total concentration of certain elements in toys.
The following structural adjustments have been made with respect to ISO 8124-5:2015:
——In Clause 3, the order of term entries is adjusted according to the referenced order of terms in the standard text.
——In Clause 5, two new entries are added, and the entries’ order is adjusted according to the referenced order of instruments and equipment in the standard text.
——In Clause 8, the suspension paragraph in the original international standard is added and regarded as “8.1 General”.
Compared with ISO 8124-5:2015, this standard has the following technical differences and causes:
——The adjustments of technical deviations are made for the normative references in this standard so as to adapt to the technical conditions of China. The adjustment is mainly reflected in Clause 2 "Normative reference". The specific adjustments are as follows:
● ISO 8124-1 is replaced by GB 6675.2, which is modified in relation to the international standard;
● ISO 8124-3 is replaced by GB 6675.4, which is modified in relation to the international standard;
● ISO 3696 is replaced by GB/T 6682, which is modified in relation to international standard;
● GB 6675.14 is added for reference;
——As the limit of migration elements for finger paints in GB 6675.4 is different from the requirements specified in ISO 8124-3, the requirements of detection limit of finger paints in test methods of Clause 9 are different from ISO 8124-5 (see Clause 9);
——In daily inspection, some paints contain Ti, Zr and other elements which cannot be completely digested according to the method specified in this standard, so an optional acid system is added in Annex A, A.4.2 (see Annex A);
——Annex B is added, and precision data is supplemented.
The following editorial changes have been made in this standard:
——In order to be consistent with China's technical standard system, the name of this standard is changed to Determination of total concentration of certain elements in toys;
——The symbols in equations are modified.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This standard was proposed by the China National Light Industry Council.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 253 National Technical Committee on Toy of Standardization Administration of China.
Determination of total concentration of certain elements in toys
Warning: the personnel using this standard shall have practical experience in standard laboratory work. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. The operator shall take proper safety and health measures which shall be in accordance with relevant national regulations.
1 Scope
1.1 This standard specifies methods of sampling and digestion prior to analysis of the total concentration of the elements antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and selenium from toy materials and from parts of toys.
Note: Other elements can be determined by this method provided adequate analytical performance is demonstrated. Manufacturers are encouraged to apply the test methods of this standard and the limits from GB 6675.4-2014 to raw materials used in the manufacture of toys to give increased certainty of conformity to the requirements of GB 6675.4-2014.
1.2 This standard is applicable to the following types of toy materials:
——coatings of paints, varnishes, lacquers, printing inks, polymers, and similar coatings;
——polymeric and similar materials, including laminates, whether textile-reinforced or not, but excluding other textiles;
——paper, paperboard and cardboard;
——natural or synthetic textiles;
——metallic materials whether coated or not;
——other materials, whether mass-coloured or not (e.g. wood, fibreboard, hardboard, bone, and leather);
——materials intended to leave a trace (e.g. the graphite materials in pencils and liquid ink in pens);
——pliable modelling materials, including modelling clays and gels;
——paints to be used as such in the toy, including finger paints, varnishes, lacquers, enamel powder and similar materials in solid or liquid form;
——packaging materials that form part of the toy or have intended play value.
Note: Digestion methods for glass, ceramic, and other siliceous materials or fluorinated polymers or fluorinated polymer coatings are not described, and these types of materials are outside the scope of this standard (see Annex A, A.1).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 6675.2 Safety of toys - Part 2: Mechanical and physical properties (GB 6675.2-2014, ISO 8124-1:2000, MOD)
GB 6675.4 Safety of Toys - Part 4: Migration of certain elements (GB 6675.4-2014, ISO 8124-3:2010, MOD)
GB 6675.14 Safety of toys - Part 14: Requirements and test methods of finger paints
GB/T 6682 Water for Analytical Laboratory Use - Specification and Test Methods (GB/T 6682-2008, ISO 3696:1987, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
base material
material upon which coatings (3.2) can be formed or deposited
3.2
coating
all layers of material formed or deposited on the base material of a toy, including paints, varnishes, lacquers, inks, polymers, or other substances of a similar nature, whether they contain metallic particles or not, no matter how they have been applied to the toy
Note: This definition includes metallic coatings deposited on a metal surface such as an electroplated coating. However, electroplating will only require testing if it can be removed by scraping (3.6); otherwise, it may be tested with the base material.
3.3
laboratory sample
toy either in the form in which it is marketed, or in the form in which it is intended to be marketed
3.4
test portion
single material taken from an accessible part of a laboratory sample (3.3)
3.5
composite test portion
test portion that is composed of more than one similar material type or colour of material
Note: This definition precludes the compositing of dissimilar materials, e.g. compositing textiles and paint coatings are not permitted.
3.6
scraping
mechanical process for removal of coatings (3.2) down to the base material (3.1)
3.7
complete digestion
complete breakdown of the original material leaving only insoluble residues
3.8
sample blank
solution that has undergone the same digestion processes used for the digestion of test portions (3.4) and consists of all reagents excluding the test portion
3.9
detection limit of a method
three times the standard deviation of the result obtained in the sample blank (3.8) using the method adopted by laboratory
4 Principle
The prepared test portion is digested in highly acidic conditions at high temperature using a hot plate digestion, a hot block digestion technique, or a microwave digestion system. Hot acid digestion destroys the material matrix allowing the elements of interest to be solubilized. The certain elements in the digestion solution are determined by appropriate analytical instruments.
5 Reagents and apparatus
5.1 Reagents
Only reagents of analytical grade or above shall be used. The concentration of the analyte or interfering substances in the reagents and water shall be negligible compared to the lowest concentration to be determined.
5.1.1 Water, of at least grade 3 purity, in accordance with GB/T 6682.
5.1.2 Nitric acid, concentrated, 1.40g/mL, 65% (v/v), "analytical" grade.
5.1.3 Nitric acid, 10% (v/v): add 100mL concentrated nitric acid (5.1.2) to 500mL water (5.1.1). Dilute to 1 000mL with water (5.1.1).
5.1.4 Hydrochloric acid, concentrated, 1.19g/mL, 37% (v/v), "analytical" grade.
5.1.5 Hydrogen peroxide, 1.11 g/mL, 30% (v/v), "analytical" grade.
Note: Hydrogen peroxide is not stabilized, so it must be stored at cold (4℃ or less) temperatures.
5.1.6 Methylene chloride, “analytical" grade.
5.1.7 Acetone/ethanol solution, 1:1 mixture of absolute ethanol and acetone ("analytical" grades).
Contents of GB/T 38423-2019
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Reagents and apparatus
6 Selection and composition of test portions
7 Preparation of test portions
8 Digestion and analysis of test portions
9 Detection limit of a method
10 Expression of results
11 Precision
12 Test report
Annex A (Informative) Background and rationale
Annex B (Informative) Precision data obtained from laboratory test results
Bibliography
