1 Scope
This document specifies the index system, procedures and requirements for the evaluation of wastewater reclamation treatment technologies and processes.
This document applies to the evaluation of wastewater reclamation treatment technologies and processes.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential provisions of this document through the normative references in the text. Among them, note the date of the reference document, only the date of the corresponding version applicable to this document; do not note the date of the reference document, its latest version (including all the revision of the list) applicable to this document.
GB/T 18919 Classification of municipal wastewater recycling
GB/T 18920 Water quality of miscellaneous urban wastewater for recycling
GB/T 18921 Urban wastewater recycling water quality for landscape environment
GB/T 19772 Urban wastewater recycling groundwater recharge water quality
GB/T19923 Water quality of industrial water for urban wastewater recycling
GB 20922 Water quality of urban wastewater reuse for irrigation in agricultural fields
GB/T 21534 Water conservation terminology
GB/T 25499 Water quality for urban wastewater reuse for greenfield irrigation
HJ 493 Technical provisions for the preservation and management of water quality samples
HJ 494 Technical guidance on water quality sampling
HJ 495 Technical provisions for the design of water quality sampling programmes
3 Terms and definitions
The terms defined in GB/T 21534 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Wastewater
A general term for water discharged in the course of production and domestic activities.
3.2
Wastewater that has been treated to meet certain water quality requirements.
3.3
Wastewater reclamation
To produce reclaimed water for the purpose of sewage or to meet the discharge standards GB 8978 or GB 18918 of sewage treatment plant water, the process of purification treatment.
3.4
Reliability
The ability of a wastewater reclamation system to consistently meet or exceed its intended function under certain conditions.
3.5
Redundancy redundancy
The ability of a wastewater reclamation system to exceed the minimum water quality security requirements.
3.6
Robustness
Dirttopia
The ability of a wastewater reclamation system to maintain functional stability under the impact of water quality, quantity, etc.
Note: that is, the impact resistance -
3.7
Resilience
The ability of the wastewater reclamation system to cope with and recover from unexpected accidents.
4 Evaluation index system
4.1 General provisions
Bon community
4.1.1 Evaluation indicators are divided into two types of indicators: quantitative evaluation and qualitative evaluation.
4.1.2 Evaluation indicators are composed of primary and secondary indicators. The primary indicators are used to classify specific indicators, including technical indicators, economic indicators, environmental indicators and reliability indicators; the secondary indicators are used for quantitative or qualitative evaluation, see Table 1; according to the evaluation needs, other secondary, tertiary or more indicators can also be established; the established indicators should be clearly defined and have clear connotation.
4.1.3 The quantitative evaluation should take full account of the availability and reliability of data.
4.1.4: Qualitative evaluation is mainly descriptive or relatively comparative; the evaluation needs to be factual, accurate, assessable and comparable.
4.2 Technical indicators
Live State Community
4.2.1 Water quality
Under certain conditions, the level of water quality achieved after treatment. Should be based on the use of recycled water and user requirements, select the appropriate water quality indicators, including the indicators specified in the relevant water quality standards and other specific indicators that require attention.
Note: specific indicators according to user requirements or water quality security needs to choose, such as characteristics of chemical contaminants, specific pathogenic micro-organisms, chemical stability, biological stability, biological toxicity, toxic and harmful.
Biological stability, biological toxicity, toxic and harmful by-products, etc.
4.2.2 Pollutant removal rate
The percentage of contaminants removed is calculated using equation (1):
4.3 Economic indicators
4.3.1 Construction cost per unit of water
5 Evaluation procedures and requirements
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 The evaluation procedure includes the identification of the evaluation target, boundary conditions and the purpose of the evaluation. Selection of evaluation indicators. Collecting evaluation information. Conducting evaluation experiments, conducting comprehensive evaluation, writing evaluation reports, conducting expert consultation, improving evaluation reports and forming evaluation reports, etc. The specific process is shown in Figure 1.
5.1.2 The evaluation objects include newly developed, practically applied and retrofitted treatment technologies, unit technologies and combined processes.
5.1.3 The function of the treatment technology or process being evaluated and its possible scope of application are determined.
5.1.4 The purpose of the evaluation includes treatment technology evaluation, technology comparison and operational diagnosis. For different evaluation purposes, appropriate evaluation procedures are selected.
5.2 Evaluation Indicators
5.2.1 According to the evaluation object and purpose, evaluation indicators shall be selected reasonably, mainly quantitative indicators. Qualitative indicators are supplementary.
5.2.2 In addition to technical, economic, environmental and reliability indicators, for the evaluation of newly developed treatment technologies, unit processes and combined processes, it is also necessary to. Focus on indicators such as the boundary conditions for the application of treatment technologies; for the evaluation of treatment technologies, unit processes and combined processes that are actually applied, attention should also be paid to indicators such as the potential for operational performance improvement.
5.2.3 Ensure that data collection is reasonable. Objectivity and comprehensiveness.
5.3 Evaluation experiments
5.3.1 For newly developed treatment technologies or processes, technical validation should be carried out through pilot-scale trials to obtain data on key evaluation indicators. For treatment technologies or processes in operation. It is appropriate to carry out research and investigation for actual projects to obtain evaluation index data.
5.3.2 According to the characteristics of the evaluation object. Determine the scientific and reasonable evaluation period and sampling time and frequency.
5.3.3 For the selection of the evaluation period, the physico-chemical treatment technology or process should not be less than 30 d. The biological treatment technology or process should not be less than 6 months (including winter). Ecological treatment technologies or processes such as wetlands are not less than 1 year.
5.3.4 When evaluating the operational performance under load increase or decrease or load shock conditions, the operating time and evaluation period after the load change is determined according to the treatment technology or process hydraulic retention time. The operating time and evaluation period after the load change. Physical and chemical treatment processes are not less than 20 times the hydraulic retention time, biological and ecological treatment technologies are not less than 60 times the hydraulic retention time.
5.3.5 Sampling evaluation of valid data should be greater than 100 groups. Water quality sampling design, organisation and programme determination in accordance with the provisions of HJ 494 and HJ 495. The preservation and management of water samples conforms to the provisions of HJ 493.
5.3.6 According to GB/T 18919. GB/T 18920, GB/T 18921. GB/T 19772. GB/T 19923. GB 20922 or
GB/T25499 of the provisions. Determine the inlet and outlet water quality testing projects and frequency, and to meet the treatment technology or process operation evaluation and management needs. Should be based on the conditions and needs, as appropriate, to increase the key water quality indicators and control parameters of the frequency of detection.
5.3.7 For the relevant standard test method, the method should be referred to water quality and other indicators to determine; for no relevant standard test method, can refer to the relevant research literature to determine; for special indicators, can be used to determine the new development method, but need to describe the method in detail and provide method reliability evaluation information.
5.3.8 The test results shall be recorded in detail. Including sampling people / time / place, water quality testing methods and notes, water quality monitoring data statements, environmental conditions, etc.
5.3.9 For the original sampling and analysis and other processes, the original data and information should be well preserved.
5.4 Comprehensive evaluation
5.4.1 According to Chapter 4 in the evaluation of the content of the index system, the selected indicators for quantitative calculation or qualitative description.
5.4.2 Methods such as expert evaluation and scoring may be used. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation results will be analysed comprehensively and compared systematically with other technologies or processes of the same type to clarify the characteristics, advantages and shortcomings of the evaluated objects and propose improvement measures.
5.5 Evaluation report
5.5.1
Report writing expression specification, the report includes the regeneration of sewage treatment technology or process, evaluation cycle, technology or process operating conditions, water quality measurement methods, water quality monitoring results (with raw data), evaluation results, evaluation conclusions and other content. Report format can refer to Appendix A evaluation report examples...
5.5.2 through the consultation of five or more senior experts in the field, the evaluation report for expert comment, to ensure the scientific nature and integrity of the evaluation report, etc.. The information obtained during the expert consultation process, such as the evaluation comments, shall be archived and preserved for subsequent verification.
5.5.3 The evaluation report shall be improved according to the expert consultation; if necessary, the aforementioned procedures of data acquisition and comprehensive evaluation shall be repeated.
5.5.4 After the above procedures, a complete technical or process evaluation report shall be formed, filed and properly preserved in a timely manner.
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Evaluation index system
5 Evaluation procedures and requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies the index system, procedures and requirements for the evaluation of wastewater reclamation treatment technologies and processes.
This document applies to the evaluation of wastewater reclamation treatment technologies and processes.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential provisions of this document through the normative references in the text. Among them, note the date of the reference document, only the date of the corresponding version applicable to this document; do not note the date of the reference document, its latest version (including all the revision of the list) applicable to this document.
GB/T 18919 Classification of municipal wastewater recycling
GB/T 18920 Water quality of miscellaneous urban wastewater for recycling
GB/T 18921 Urban wastewater recycling water quality for landscape environment
GB/T 19772 Urban wastewater recycling groundwater recharge water quality
GB/T19923 Water quality of industrial water for urban wastewater recycling
GB 20922 Water quality of urban wastewater reuse for irrigation in agricultural fields
GB/T 21534 Water conservation terminology
GB/T 25499 Water quality for urban wastewater reuse for greenfield irrigation
HJ 493 Technical provisions for the preservation and management of water quality samples
HJ 494 Technical guidance on water quality sampling
HJ 495 Technical provisions for the design of water quality sampling programmes
3 Terms and definitions
The terms defined in GB/T 21534 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Wastewater
A general term for water discharged in the course of production and domestic activities.
3.2
Wastewater that has been treated to meet certain water quality requirements.
3.3
Wastewater reclamation
To produce reclaimed water for the purpose of sewage or to meet the discharge standards GB 8978 or GB 18918 of sewage treatment plant water, the process of purification treatment.
3.4
Reliability
The ability of a wastewater reclamation system to consistently meet or exceed its intended function under certain conditions.
3.5
Redundancy redundancy
The ability of a wastewater reclamation system to exceed the minimum water quality security requirements.
3.6
Robustness
Dirttopia
The ability of a wastewater reclamation system to maintain functional stability under the impact of water quality, quantity, etc.
Note: that is, the impact resistance -
3.7
Resilience
The ability of the wastewater reclamation system to cope with and recover from unexpected accidents.
4 Evaluation index system
4.1 General provisions
Bon community
4.1.1 Evaluation indicators are divided into two types of indicators: quantitative evaluation and qualitative evaluation.
4.1.2 Evaluation indicators are composed of primary and secondary indicators. The primary indicators are used to classify specific indicators, including technical indicators, economic indicators, environmental indicators and reliability indicators; the secondary indicators are used for quantitative or qualitative evaluation, see Table 1; according to the evaluation needs, other secondary, tertiary or more indicators can also be established; the established indicators should be clearly defined and have clear connotation.
4.1.3 The quantitative evaluation should take full account of the availability and reliability of data.
4.1.4: Qualitative evaluation is mainly descriptive or relatively comparative; the evaluation needs to be factual, accurate, assessable and comparable.
4.2 Technical indicators
Live State Community
4.2.1 Water quality
Under certain conditions, the level of water quality achieved after treatment. Should be based on the use of recycled water and user requirements, select the appropriate water quality indicators, including the indicators specified in the relevant water quality standards and other specific indicators that require attention.
Note: specific indicators according to user requirements or water quality security needs to choose, such as characteristics of chemical contaminants, specific pathogenic micro-organisms, chemical stability, biological stability, biological toxicity, toxic and harmful.
Biological stability, biological toxicity, toxic and harmful by-products, etc.
4.2.2 Pollutant removal rate
The percentage of contaminants removed is calculated using equation (1):
4.3 Economic indicators
4.3.1 Construction cost per unit of water
5 Evaluation procedures and requirements
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 The evaluation procedure includes the identification of the evaluation target, boundary conditions and the purpose of the evaluation. Selection of evaluation indicators. Collecting evaluation information. Conducting evaluation experiments, conducting comprehensive evaluation, writing evaluation reports, conducting expert consultation, improving evaluation reports and forming evaluation reports, etc. The specific process is shown in Figure 1.
5.1.2 The evaluation objects include newly developed, practically applied and retrofitted treatment technologies, unit technologies and combined processes.
5.1.3 The function of the treatment technology or process being evaluated and its possible scope of application are determined.
5.1.4 The purpose of the evaluation includes treatment technology evaluation, technology comparison and operational diagnosis. For different evaluation purposes, appropriate evaluation procedures are selected.
5.2 Evaluation Indicators
5.2.1 According to the evaluation object and purpose, evaluation indicators shall be selected reasonably, mainly quantitative indicators. Qualitative indicators are supplementary.
5.2.2 In addition to technical, economic, environmental and reliability indicators, for the evaluation of newly developed treatment technologies, unit processes and combined processes, it is also necessary to. Focus on indicators such as the boundary conditions for the application of treatment technologies; for the evaluation of treatment technologies, unit processes and combined processes that are actually applied, attention should also be paid to indicators such as the potential for operational performance improvement.
5.2.3 Ensure that data collection is reasonable. Objectivity and comprehensiveness.
5.3 Evaluation experiments
5.3.1 For newly developed treatment technologies or processes, technical validation should be carried out through pilot-scale trials to obtain data on key evaluation indicators. For treatment technologies or processes in operation. It is appropriate to carry out research and investigation for actual projects to obtain evaluation index data.
5.3.2 According to the characteristics of the evaluation object. Determine the scientific and reasonable evaluation period and sampling time and frequency.
5.3.3 For the selection of the evaluation period, the physico-chemical treatment technology or process should not be less than 30 d. The biological treatment technology or process should not be less than 6 months (including winter). Ecological treatment technologies or processes such as wetlands are not less than 1 year.
5.3.4 When evaluating the operational performance under load increase or decrease or load shock conditions, the operating time and evaluation period after the load change is determined according to the treatment technology or process hydraulic retention time. The operating time and evaluation period after the load change. Physical and chemical treatment processes are not less than 20 times the hydraulic retention time, biological and ecological treatment technologies are not less than 60 times the hydraulic retention time.
5.3.5 Sampling evaluation of valid data should be greater than 100 groups. Water quality sampling design, organisation and programme determination in accordance with the provisions of HJ 494 and HJ 495. The preservation and management of water samples conforms to the provisions of HJ 493.
5.3.6 According to GB/T 18919. GB/T 18920, GB/T 18921. GB/T 19772. GB/T 19923. GB 20922 or
GB/T25499 of the provisions. Determine the inlet and outlet water quality testing projects and frequency, and to meet the treatment technology or process operation evaluation and management needs. Should be based on the conditions and needs, as appropriate, to increase the key water quality indicators and control parameters of the frequency of detection.
5.3.7 For the relevant standard test method, the method should be referred to water quality and other indicators to determine; for no relevant standard test method, can refer to the relevant research literature to determine; for special indicators, can be used to determine the new development method, but need to describe the method in detail and provide method reliability evaluation information.
5.3.8 The test results shall be recorded in detail. Including sampling people / time / place, water quality testing methods and notes, water quality monitoring data statements, environmental conditions, etc.
5.3.9 For the original sampling and analysis and other processes, the original data and information should be well preserved.
5.4 Comprehensive evaluation
5.4.1 According to Chapter 4 in the evaluation of the content of the index system, the selected indicators for quantitative calculation or qualitative description.
5.4.2 Methods such as expert evaluation and scoring may be used. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation results will be analysed comprehensively and compared systematically with other technologies or processes of the same type to clarify the characteristics, advantages and shortcomings of the evaluated objects and propose improvement measures.
5.5 Evaluation report
5.5.1
Report writing expression specification, the report includes the regeneration of sewage treatment technology or process, evaluation cycle, technology or process operating conditions, water quality measurement methods, water quality monitoring results (with raw data), evaluation results, evaluation conclusions and other content. Report format can refer to Appendix A evaluation report examples...
5.5.2 through the consultation of five or more senior experts in the field, the evaluation report for expert comment, to ensure the scientific nature and integrity of the evaluation report, etc.. The information obtained during the expert consultation process, such as the evaluation comments, shall be archived and preserved for subsequent verification.
5.5.3 The evaluation report shall be improved according to the expert consultation; if necessary, the aforementioned procedures of data acquisition and comprehensive evaluation shall be repeated.
5.5.4 After the above procedures, a complete technical or process evaluation report shall be formed, filed and properly preserved in a timely manner.
Contents of GB/T 41017-2021
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Evaluation index system
5 Evaluation procedures and requirements
