1 Scope
This document describes a method for determining the fire resistance of non load bearing independent members made of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) when heated on one side.
This document is applicable to FRP products, whose final use dimensions are usually smaller than those specified in GB/T 9978.1, such as fire barriers used in the transportation industry.
This document is applicable to FRP products with basically flat surface, as well as sandwich panel members with reinforced components and FRP surface.
2 Normative References
The contents in the following documents constitute indispensable provisions of this document through normative references. Among them, only the version corresponding to the date of the referenced document is applicable to this document: the latest version (including all amendments) of the referenced document not in oral form is applicable to this document.
GB/T 2035 Terminology and Definitions of Plastics (GB/T 2035-2008, ISO 472:1999. IDT)
GB/T 5907.2 Fire fighting vocabulary Part 2: Fire prevention
GB/T 9978.1 Fire resistance test methods for building elements (GB/T 9978.1-2008.1SO 834-1: 1999, MOD)
ISO 834-12 Fire resistance tests - Building elements - Part 12: Fire resistance tests Elements of building construction - Part 12: Specific requirements for sep arrating elements evaluated on less than full scale furnaces
EN 1363-2 Fire resistance tests Part 2: Alternative and additional procedures
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 2035, GB/T 5907.2 and ISO 834-12 are applicable to this document.
4 General
The fire resistance of medium scale test pieces in the vertical or horizontal direction is determined by exposing their surfaces to the conditions specified in ISO 834-12. The time temperature curve specified in EN1363-2 can also be used when it is required to be related to the final use conditions of the tested product.
5 Instruments and equipment
5.1 General requirements
The test equipment shall include combustion furnace, restraint and support frame and other instruments in accordance with GB/T 9978.1 or ISO 834-12, as well as test piece installation frame in accordance with 5.2.
5.2 Test piece installation frame
The test piece mounting frame (hereinafter referred to as the frame) shall be made of incombustible material, i.e. steel or concrete. During the test, the structure of the frame shall be strong enough to support the test piece under high temperature. The deformation of the frame shall not adversely affect the test piece.
Note: The test piece is not stressed in this test
The frame lining in direct contact with the test piece shall be made of incombustible materials, such as calcium silicate board, with a dry density of (950 ± 100) kg/m 'and a minimum thickness of 50 mm. When the test is conducted under the high temperature conditions specified in ISO 834-12, the frame shall be firm enough to support the test piece,
6 Test piece
6.1 Number of test pieces
For symmetrical structures or members requiring fire protection from only one specific side, one test piece shall be tested. For the asymmetric structure with double-sided fire protection requirements, 2 test pieces shall be tested so that each side of the component is exposed to fire.
6.2 Dimensions
The vertical and horizontal dimensions of the test piece shall not be less than (1000 ± 30) mm. The structure of the test piece shall represent the final use of the member. For this reason, the size of the test piece shall be increased to the size of the ruler used for the final use of the member. The length and width of the FRP test piece installed in the metal straight direction and horizontal direction should be 1.5 m. The test pieces shall be installed in a way that reflects the final service conditions, and shall also be included when there are stiffeners and/or thermal insulation systems.
6.3 Structure
The test piece should include all reinforcement components that are part of the FRP product's final construction.
NOTE ISO 10295-1 specifies fire resistance tests for impermeable seals in building elements.
6.4 Thermal insulation of test piece
In the final use, FRP members need to be attached with thermal insulation systems, and these FRP members need to have fire resistance. If the thermal insulation system is added under the final service conditions, the thermal insulation system shall be installed and fixed on the test piece close to the final service conditions.
The thermal insulation system is usually installed on the side with high fire risk. During the test, the thermal insulation surface of the test piece shall be exposed in the combustion furnace.
In an insulation system representative of the end use conditions, the test piece shall contain either a vertical connection or a horizontal connection, or a vertical connection and a horizontal connection.
7 Condition adjustment and test environment
The test piece shall be conditioned at (23 ± 2) ℃ and 50%~75% relative humidity for at least 24 hours, and the test shall be conducted at 15 ℃~35 ℃ and 45%~75% relative humidity.
8 Test Procedures
8.1 Test piece installation
The test piece shall be installed in the frame, and the smoke shall not pass through the connection between the test piece and the frame. The entire area of the test piece shall be exposed to the heating conditions.
8.2 Thermocouples
The installation of thermocouples used to measure and control the temperature in the furnace shall comply with ISO 834-12.
8.3 Temperature measuring points of test piece
The thermocouple for measuring the temperature of the back fire surface of the test piece shall be installed at the center of the whole back fire surface of the test piece and at the center of each quarter area of the back fire surface according to ISO 834-12, as shown in Figure 1.
Thermocouples and thermal insulation pads should be installed on the surface of the test piece with heat-resistant adhesive. There is no adhesive between the thermocouple copper sheet and the test piece or between the thermocouple copper sheet and the thermal insulation pad. If there is a gap between them, it should meet the minimum size specified in GB/T 9978,1. If it cannot be bonded, it should be fixed with pins, screws or clips, and it can only contact the part of the pad. The pad should not exceed the copper sheet.
If the test piece includes an insulation system, additional back fire surface temperature measurements shall be made at the relative position of the vertical connection center, the horizontal connection center, and the intersection of the horizontal connection and the vertical connection.
8.4 Temperature before test
Before the test, the thermocouple shall be checked to confirm whether the temperature of the thermocouple on the back fire surface is consistent with that of the ambient temperature thermocouple, and records shall be made within 5 minutes before the test.
Before the test, the furnace temperature shall be less than 50 ℃, and the difference between the back fire surface temperature of the test piece and the initial ambient temperature shall be within 5 ℃.
8.5 Start of test
The test shall be conducted after the initial conditions are set. The starting point of the test is when the furnace temperature is heated according to the standard heating curve specified in GB/T9978.1 or EN 1363-2. The running time shall be calculated from this point, and all measurement and observation systems shall start to run or operate at this time.
8.6 Heating conditions
The furnace temperature controlled by thermocouple (8.2) shall meet the temperature conditions specified in GB/T 9978.1. When it is required to be related to the final use conditions of the tested product, the time temperature curve specified in EN 1363-2 can also be used.
8.7 Measurement and observation
8.7.1 Temperature and pressure
The temperature and furnace pressure of all thermocouples shall be measured and recorded in accordance with GB/T 9978.1 or ISO 834-12, with the recording interval not exceeding 1 min
8.7.2 Penetration of smoke and gas
Observe the deformation of the test piece, smoke and/or hot gas passing through the test piece and other phenomena (if any), and record the occurrence time. The penetration of hot gas shall be checked with absorbent cotton.
8.7.3 Formation of deformation, holes and cracks
During measurement, attention shall be paid to the generation and development of holes or cracks on the backfired surface of the test piece, because this problem will be considered when determining the integrity time (i.e. the time when holes and cracks cause integrity failure), and the integrity time shall be determined and recorded according to the provisions of GB/T 9978.1.
8.7.4 Deflection
During the test, the deflection of the center of the test piece shall be measured at least once every minute with a deflection measurement accuracy of ± 2 mm. Note that the application guide for deflection measurement has been given in GB/T 9978.1
8.8 Test termination
According to the provisions of GB/T 9978.1, the test of FRP specimens can be terminated for one or more of the following reasons:
a) Personnel safety problems or equipment damage;
b) Meet the failure standard specified in the product standard;
c) The Client's requirements,
However, in the case of b), the test can be continued to obtain more data.
8.9 Observation after test
After the test, observe and record the condition and any damage of the test pieces, including the thermal insulation system.
9 Test report
Bibliography
contents
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and definitions
4 General
5 Instruments and equipment
6 Test piece
7 Condition adjustment and test environment
8 Test Procedures
9 Test report
Bibliography
1 Scope
This document describes a method for determining the fire resistance of non load bearing independent members made of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) when heated on one side.
This document is applicable to FRP products, whose final use dimensions are usually smaller than those specified in GB/T 9978.1, such as fire barriers used in the transportation industry.
This document is applicable to FRP products with basically flat surface, as well as sandwich panel members with reinforced components and FRP surface.
2 Normative References
The contents in the following documents constitute indispensable provisions of this document through normative references. Among them, only the version corresponding to the date of the referenced document is applicable to this document: the latest version (including all amendments) of the referenced document not in oral form is applicable to this document.
GB/T 2035 Terminology and Definitions of Plastics (GB/T 2035-2008, ISO 472:1999. IDT)
GB/T 5907.2 Fire fighting vocabulary Part 2: Fire prevention
GB/T 9978.1 Fire resistance test methods for building elements (GB/T 9978.1-2008.1SO 834-1: 1999, MOD)
ISO 834-12 Fire resistance tests - Building elements - Part 12: Fire resistance tests Elements of building construction - Part 12: Specific requirements for sep arrating elements evaluated on less than full scale furnaces
EN 1363-2 Fire resistance tests Part 2: Alternative and additional procedures
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 2035, GB/T 5907.2 and ISO 834-12 are applicable to this document.
4 General
The fire resistance of medium scale test pieces in the vertical or horizontal direction is determined by exposing their surfaces to the conditions specified in ISO 834-12. The time temperature curve specified in EN1363-2 can also be used when it is required to be related to the final use conditions of the tested product.
5 Instruments and equipment
5.1 General requirements
The test equipment shall include combustion furnace, restraint and support frame and other instruments in accordance with GB/T 9978.1 or ISO 834-12, as well as test piece installation frame in accordance with 5.2.
5.2 Test piece installation frame
The test piece mounting frame (hereinafter referred to as the frame) shall be made of incombustible material, i.e. steel or concrete. During the test, the structure of the frame shall be strong enough to support the test piece under high temperature. The deformation of the frame shall not adversely affect the test piece.
Note: The test piece is not stressed in this test
The frame lining in direct contact with the test piece shall be made of incombustible materials, such as calcium silicate board, with a dry density of (950 ± 100) kg/m 'and a minimum thickness of 50 mm. When the test is conducted under the high temperature conditions specified in ISO 834-12, the frame shall be firm enough to support the test piece,
6 Test piece
6.1 Number of test pieces
For symmetrical structures or members requiring fire protection from only one specific side, one test piece shall be tested. For the asymmetric structure with double-sided fire protection requirements, 2 test pieces shall be tested so that each side of the component is exposed to fire.
6.2 Dimensions
The vertical and horizontal dimensions of the test piece shall not be less than (1000 ± 30) mm. The structure of the test piece shall represent the final use of the member. For this reason, the size of the test piece shall be increased to the size of the ruler used for the final use of the member. The length and width of the FRP test piece installed in the metal straight direction and horizontal direction should be 1.5 m. The test pieces shall be installed in a way that reflects the final service conditions, and shall also be included when there are stiffeners and/or thermal insulation systems.
6.3 Structure
The test piece should include all reinforcement components that are part of the FRP product's final construction.
NOTE ISO 10295-1 specifies fire resistance tests for impermeable seals in building elements.
6.4 Thermal insulation of test piece
In the final use, FRP members need to be attached with thermal insulation systems, and these FRP members need to have fire resistance. If the thermal insulation system is added under the final service conditions, the thermal insulation system shall be installed and fixed on the test piece close to the final service conditions.
The thermal insulation system is usually installed on the side with high fire risk. During the test, the thermal insulation surface of the test piece shall be exposed in the combustion furnace.
In an insulation system representative of the end use conditions, the test piece shall contain either a vertical connection or a horizontal connection, or a vertical connection and a horizontal connection.
7 Condition adjustment and test environment
The test piece shall be conditioned at (23 ± 2) ℃ and 50%~75% relative humidity for at least 24 hours, and the test shall be conducted at 15 ℃~35 ℃ and 45%~75% relative humidity.
8 Test Procedures
8.1 Test piece installation
The test piece shall be installed in the frame, and the smoke shall not pass through the connection between the test piece and the frame. The entire area of the test piece shall be exposed to the heating conditions.
8.2 Thermocouples
The installation of thermocouples used to measure and control the temperature in the furnace shall comply with ISO 834-12.
8.3 Temperature measuring points of test piece
The thermocouple for measuring the temperature of the back fire surface of the test piece shall be installed at the center of the whole back fire surface of the test piece and at the center of each quarter area of the back fire surface according to ISO 834-12, as shown in Figure 1.
Thermocouples and thermal insulation pads should be installed on the surface of the test piece with heat-resistant adhesive. There is no adhesive between the thermocouple copper sheet and the test piece or between the thermocouple copper sheet and the thermal insulation pad. If there is a gap between them, it should meet the minimum size specified in GB/T 9978,1. If it cannot be bonded, it should be fixed with pins, screws or clips, and it can only contact the part of the pad. The pad should not exceed the copper sheet.
If the test piece includes an insulation system, additional back fire surface temperature measurements shall be made at the relative position of the vertical connection center, the horizontal connection center, and the intersection of the horizontal connection and the vertical connection.
8.4 Temperature before test
Before the test, the thermocouple shall be checked to confirm whether the temperature of the thermocouple on the back fire surface is consistent with that of the ambient temperature thermocouple, and records shall be made within 5 minutes before the test.
Before the test, the furnace temperature shall be less than 50 ℃, and the difference between the back fire surface temperature of the test piece and the initial ambient temperature shall be within 5 ℃.
8.5 Start of test
The test shall be conducted after the initial conditions are set. The starting point of the test is when the furnace temperature is heated according to the standard heating curve specified in GB/T9978.1 or EN 1363-2. The running time shall be calculated from this point, and all measurement and observation systems shall start to run or operate at this time.
8.6 Heating conditions
The furnace temperature controlled by thermocouple (8.2) shall meet the temperature conditions specified in GB/T 9978.1. When it is required to be related to the final use conditions of the tested product, the time temperature curve specified in EN 1363-2 can also be used.
8.7 Measurement and observation
8.7.1 Temperature and pressure
The temperature and furnace pressure of all thermocouples shall be measured and recorded in accordance with GB/T 9978.1 or ISO 834-12, with the recording interval not exceeding 1 min
8.7.2 Penetration of smoke and gas
Observe the deformation of the test piece, smoke and/or hot gas passing through the test piece and other phenomena (if any), and record the occurrence time. The penetration of hot gas shall be checked with absorbent cotton.
8.7.3 Formation of deformation, holes and cracks
During measurement, attention shall be paid to the generation and development of holes or cracks on the backfired surface of the test piece, because this problem will be considered when determining the integrity time (i.e. the time when holes and cracks cause integrity failure), and the integrity time shall be determined and recorded according to the provisions of GB/T 9978.1.
8.7.4 Deflection
During the test, the deflection of the center of the test piece shall be measured at least once every minute with a deflection measurement accuracy of ± 2 mm. Note that the application guide for deflection measurement has been given in GB/T 9978.1
8.8 Test termination
According to the provisions of GB/T 9978.1, the test of FRP specimens can be terminated for one or more of the following reasons:
a) Personnel safety problems or equipment damage;
b) Meet the failure standard specified in the product standard;
c) The Client's requirements,
However, in the case of b), the test can be continued to obtain more data.
8.9 Observation after test
After the test, observe and record the condition and any damage of the test pieces, including the thermal insulation system.
9 Test report
Bibliography
Contents of GB/T 41879-2022
contents
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and definitions
4 General
5 Instruments and equipment
6 Test piece
7 Condition adjustment and test environment
8 Test Procedures
9 Test report
Bibliography
