GB/T 8595-2023 Earth-moving machinery - Operator’s controls
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements and guidelines for the operator’s controls on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, in as far as those controls relate to any direct-control machine. The recommendations given for finger-, hand- and foot-operated controls are not intended to prevent usage of other types of controls, control locations or control movements.
This document is not applicable to devices which are not directly related to machine control.
Note: For remote operator control of machines, see ISO 15817.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3411 Earth-moving machinery - Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope
Note: GB/T 8420-2011, Earth-moving machinery - Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope (ISO 3411:2007, IDT)
ISO 3450 Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines - Performance requirements and test procedures for brake systems
Note: GB/T 21152-2018, Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines - Performance requirements and test procedures for brake systems (ISO 3450:2011, MOD)
ISO 5010 Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled machines - Steering requirements
Note: GB/T 14781-2014, Earth-moving machinery - Rubber-tyred machines - Steering requirements (ISO 5010:2007, IDT)
ISO 6405-1 Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 1: Common symbols
Note: GB/T 8593.1-2021, Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 1: Common symbols (ISO 6405-1:2017, IDT)
ISO 6405-2 Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 2: Symbols for specific machines, equipment and accessories
Note: GB/T 8593.2-2021, Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 2: Symbols for specific machines, equipment and accessories (ISO 6405-2:2017, IDT)
ISO 10265 Earth-moving machinery - Crawler machines - Performance requirements and test procedures for braking systems
Note: GB/T 19929-2014, Earth-moving machinery - Crawler machines - Performance requirements and test procedures for braking systems (ISO 10265:2008, IDT)
ISO 17063 Earth-moving machinery - Braking systems of pedestrian-controlled machines - Performance requirements and test procedures
Note: GB/T 25609-2010, Earth-moving machinery - Braking systems of pedestrian-controlled machines - Performance requirements and test procedures (ISO 17063:2003, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
control
device actuated by an operator to execute a machine response (3.4)
3.2
primary control
control (3.1) that is used frequently or continuously by the operator
Note: The primary controls are the following:
a) For the base machine (3.5):
• steering;
• clutch or inch pedal;
• gear selection;
• speed (engine or ground speed);
• travel direction;
• brakes;
• swing of upper structure.
b) For equipment (3.6):
• swing operation;
• raising/lowering operation (e.g. loader lift arm, dozer blade or ripper, excavator boom, side boom winch, rope excavator winch);
• boom/arm extending/retracting;
• rearward/forward motion;
• boom side shift (e.g. side shift carriage of the backhoe linkage);
• boom fold/unfold;
• boom offset.
c) For attachments (3.7):
• attachment operation (e.g. bucket, tiltrotator, clamshell, forks);
• rotation operation (e.g. tiltrotator where the position of the attachment is changed as opposed to the functional rotation of a tool as in an auger);
• tilting operation;
• dump/curl operation.
3.3
secondary control
control (3.1) that is infrequently used by the operator but is needed for the proper functioning of the machine
Example: Control for parking brake, lighting, mode selection, quick coupler and stabilizers.
3.4
machine response
described function of the base machine (3.5) or equipment (3.6) or attachment (3.7) resulting from the activation of a control (3.1)
Example: Raising of the bucket when the bucket lift control is moved to the raise position; closing of a clamshell when the clamshell close control is moved to the close position.
3.5
base machine
machine with a cab or canopy and operator protective structures if required, without equipment (3.6) or attachments (3.7) but possessing the necessary mountings for such equipment and attachments
[SOURCE: GB/T 18577.2:2008, 3.3]
3.6
equipment
set of components mounted onto the base machine (3.5) which allows an attachment (3.7) to perform the primary design function of the machine
[SOURCE: GB/T 18577.2:2008, 3.4]
3.7
attachment
assembly of components that can be mounted onto the base machine (3.5) or equipment (3.6) for specific use
[SOURCE: GB/T 18577.2:2008, 3.5]
3.8
proportional control
control (3.1) that allows continuously variable or modulated machine response (3.4)
3.9
remote operator control
operator control (3.1) of a machine by wireless or wired transmission of signals from a remote control box not located on the machine to a receiving unit located on the machine
[SOURCE: GB/T 25686-2018, 3.7, modified]
3.10
control actuating force
force required at the centre of the control (3.1) contact surface, in the direction of the intended movement of the control, in order to activate a control function
Note: This force does not necessarily represent the force typically applied by the operator.
3.11
lever
arm or handle that is moved by the operator’s hand to control a function or functions of a machine
3.12
single lever control
lever (3.11) movable in one axis that controls the described function
3.13
two lever control
two single lever controls (3.12) that, in combination, control the described function
3.14
two-axis multifunction control
lever (3.11) movable in axes a-b + c-d that controls the described functions
Note: See Figure 3.
3.15
four-axis multifunction control
lever (3.11) movable in axes a-b + c-d + e-f + g-h that controls the described functions
Note: See Figure 3.
3.16
button
control (3.1) that is pressed to release or activate a function
GB/T 8595-2023 Earth-moving machinery - Operator’s controls
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements and guidelines for the operator’s controls on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, in as far as those controls relate to any direct-control machine. The recommendations given for finger-, hand- and foot-operated controls are not intended to prevent usage of other types of controls, control locations or control movements.
This document is not applicable to devices which are not directly related to machine control.
Note: For remote operator control of machines, see ISO 15817.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3411 Earth-moving machinery - Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope
Note: GB/T 8420-2011, Earth-moving machinery - Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope (ISO 3411:2007, IDT)
ISO 3450 Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines - Performance requirements and test procedures for brake systems
Note: GB/T 21152-2018, Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines - Performance requirements and test procedures for brake systems (ISO 3450:2011, MOD)
ISO 5010 Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled machines - Steering requirements
Note: GB/T 14781-2014, Earth-moving machinery - Rubber-tyred machines - Steering requirements (ISO 5010:2007, IDT)
ISO 6405-1 Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 1: Common symbols
Note: GB/T 8593.1-2021, Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 1: Common symbols (ISO 6405-1:2017, IDT)
ISO 6405-2 Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 2: Symbols for specific machines, equipment and accessories
Note: GB/T 8593.2-2021, Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 2: Symbols for specific machines, equipment and accessories (ISO 6405-2:2017, IDT)
ISO 10265 Earth-moving machinery - Crawler machines - Performance requirements and test procedures for braking systems
Note: GB/T 19929-2014, Earth-moving machinery - Crawler machines - Performance requirements and test procedures for braking systems (ISO 10265:2008, IDT)
ISO 17063 Earth-moving machinery - Braking systems of pedestrian-controlled machines - Performance requirements and test procedures
Note: GB/T 25609-2010, Earth-moving machinery - Braking systems of pedestrian-controlled machines - Performance requirements and test procedures (ISO 17063:2003, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
control
device actuated by an operator to execute a machine response (3.4)
3.2
primary control
control (3.1) that is used frequently or continuously by the operator
Note: The primary controls are the following:
a) For the base machine (3.5):
• steering;
• clutch or inch pedal;
• gear selection;
• speed (engine or ground speed);
• travel direction;
• brakes;
• swing of upper structure.
b) For equipment (3.6):
• swing operation;
• raising/lowering operation (e.g. loader lift arm, dozer blade or ripper, excavator boom, side boom winch, rope excavator winch);
• boom/arm extending/retracting;
• rearward/forward motion;
• boom side shift (e.g. side shift carriage of the backhoe linkage);
• boom fold/unfold;
• boom offset.
c) For attachments (3.7):
• attachment operation (e.g. bucket, tiltrotator, clamshell, forks);
• rotation operation (e.g. tiltrotator where the position of the attachment is changed as opposed to the functional rotation of a tool as in an auger);
• tilting operation;
• dump/curl operation.
3.3
secondary control
control (3.1) that is infrequently used by the operator but is needed for the proper functioning of the machine
Example: Control for parking brake, lighting, mode selection, quick coupler and stabilizers.
3.4
machine response
described function of the base machine (3.5) or equipment (3.6) or attachment (3.7) resulting from the activation of a control (3.1)
Example: Raising of the bucket when the bucket lift control is moved to the raise position; closing of a clamshell when the clamshell close control is moved to the close position.
3.5
base machine
machine with a cab or canopy and operator protective structures if required, without equipment (3.6) or attachments (3.7) but possessing the necessary mountings for such equipment and attachments
[SOURCE: GB/T 18577.2:2008, 3.3]
3.6
equipment
set of components mounted onto the base machine (3.5) which allows an attachment (3.7) to perform the primary design function of the machine
[SOURCE: GB/T 18577.2:2008, 3.4]
3.7
attachment
assembly of components that can be mounted onto the base machine (3.5) or equipment (3.6) for specific use
[SOURCE: GB/T 18577.2:2008, 3.5]
3.8
proportional control
control (3.1) that allows continuously variable or modulated machine response (3.4)
3.9
remote operator control
operator control (3.1) of a machine by wireless or wired transmission of signals from a remote control box not located on the machine to a receiving unit located on the machine
[SOURCE: GB/T 25686-2018, 3.7, modified]
3.10
control actuating force
force required at the centre of the control (3.1) contact surface, in the direction of the intended movement of the control, in order to activate a control function
Note: This force does not necessarily represent the force typically applied by the operator.
3.11
lever
arm or handle that is moved by the operator’s hand to control a function or functions of a machine
3.12
single lever control
lever (3.11) movable in one axis that controls the described function
3.13
two lever control
two single lever controls (3.12) that, in combination, control the described function
3.14
two-axis multifunction control
lever (3.11) movable in axes a-b + c-d that controls the described functions
Note: See Figure 3.
3.15
four-axis multifunction control
lever (3.11) movable in axes a-b + c-d + e-f + g-h that controls the described functions
Note: See Figure 3.
3.16
button
control (3.1) that is pressed to release or activate a function
