1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated with a view to unifying the technical requirements for design and construction of the breakwater engineering and guaranteeing the safety, applicability and durability of the breakwaters.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the design and construction of breakwaters in harbour engineering, and other hydraulic structures bearing wave action may refer to this code.
1.0.3 The determination of breakwater plane layout, design water level and wave conditions shall comply with the relevant requirements of the current professional standards "Design Code of General Layout for Sea Port" (JTJ 211) and "Code for Sea Port Hydrology" (JTJ 213).
1.0.4 The design and construction of breakwaters shall not only comply with the code, but also those in the current relevant ones of the nation.
2 Terms
2.0.1 Berm
A platform on mound breakwater slope surface, or banquette.
2.0.2 Armor block
Block stone or concrete block for mound breakwater armor.
2.0.3 Allowable ratio of instability of block
The percentage of block numbers allowing moving or falling under wave action within the range of 1.0 times the design wave height armor above and below the calculation water level.
2.0.4 Wide-berm rubble mound breakwater
Mound breakwater with block stone armor that berm is relatively wide and berm and slope surface are allowed to generate a certain deformation and form dynamic equilibrium profile under wave action.
2.0.5 Vertical breakwater of normal placed blocks
Gravity vertical breakwater that the body is built by precast concrete block layer by layer.
2.0.6 Vertical breakwater of caissons
Gravity vertical breakwater that the body consists of reinforced concrete caisson.
2.0.7 Horizontal composite breakwater
Vertical breakwater of block stone or concrete block with close outside filling and breakwater body height.
2.0.8 Chamfered vertical breakwater
Vertical breakwater that superstructure outside is a chamfer angle.
2.0.9 Vertical breakwater of perforated caissons
Vertical breakwater of caissons, which is opened in outer wall and internally arranged with wave breaking chamber.
2.0.10 Seated-cylinder vertical breakwater
Vertical breakwater that the body consists of major-diameter cylinder and is placed on rubble-mound bedding.
2.0.11 Piled vertical breakwater
Vertical breakwater which consists of row of piles.
2.0.12 Semi-circular breakwater
Breakwater that the body consists of reinforced concrete member or semi-circular caisson composed of semi-circular arch ring and bottom slab and is placed on rubble-mound bedding.
2.0.13 Open type breakwater
Breakwater that the upper part is for wave screening and the lower part is open.
2.0.14 Overtopping
There is stratified water to cross the breakwater top.
2.0.15 Overtopping volume
The water quantity that wave crosses the breakwater crest, which is expressed with average overtopping flow per linear meter.
3 Basic Requirements
3.1 General Requirements
3.1.1 The longitudinal axis of the breakwater should not stagger outwards to form concave corner; where the breakwater axis is necessary to stagger outwards, the external included angle should not be less than 150°.
3.1.2 The selection of breakwater structural type and the determination of cross section dimension shall meet the following requirements.
3.1.2.1 The structural selection of the breakwater shall be determined through comprehensive technical and economic comparison according to service requirements, natural conditions, material source and construction conditions, etc. If necessary, the structural type with hydrophilicity or landscape effect may be considered in combination with site conditions and local cultural background.
1 General Provisions
2 Terms
3 Basic Requirements
3.1 General Requirements
3.2 Breakwater Design
3.3 Breakwater Construction
4 Design of Mound Breakwater
4.1 Type and Dimension of Cross Section
4.2 Calculation of Mound Breakwater
4.3 Structure of Mound Breakwater
4.4 Design of Riprap Submerged Breakwater
5 Design of Vertical Breakwater
5.1 Type and Dimension of Cross Section
5.2 Calculation of Vertical Breakwater
5.3 Structure
5.4 Chamfered Vertical Breakwater
5.5 Vertical Breakwater of Perforated Caissons
5.6 Seated-cylinder Vertical Breakwater
5.7 Piled Vertical Breakwater
6 Design of Other Types of Breakwaters
6.1 Semi-circular Breakwater
6.2 Permeable Breakwater
7 Construction of Mound Breakwater
7.1 Cushion and Foundation Treatment
7.2 Breakwater Body Filling
7.3 Armor
7.4 Superstructure
7.5 Completion Dimension
8 Construction of Vertical Breakwater
8.1 Foundation Construction
8.2 Breakwater Body
8.3 Superstructure
8.4 Completion Dimension
9 Construction of Other Types of Breakwaters
9.1 Semi-circular Breakwater
9.2 Open Type Breakwater
Appendix A Determination of Oblique Wave Action
Appendix B Shapes and Dimensions of Typical Armor Blocks
Appendix C Calculating Figures for Stable Weight of Armor block, Number and Concrete Quantity of Concrete Blocks
Appendix D Determination of Seabed Scour in front of Mound Breakwater
Appendix E Calculating Figures for Stable Weight of Rubble Bedding Berm and Armor Blocks
Appendix F Determination of Seabed Scour in front of Vertical Breakwater
Appendix G Determination of Wave Pressures of Vertical Breakwater with Cutaway Cross Section
Appendix H Calculation of Wave Force on Rectangular Perforated Caissons
Appendix J Determination of Wave Pressure for Semi-Circular Breakwater
Appendix K Explanation of Wording in This Code
Additional Explanation Name List of Chief Development Organization, Participating Organizations, Chief Drafting Staff, Chief Checking Personnel and Administrative Group Personnel of This Code
Standard
JTS 154-1-2011 Code of Design and Construction of Breakwaters (English Version)
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated with a view to unifying the technical requirements for design and construction of the breakwater engineering and guaranteeing the safety, applicability and durability of the breakwaters.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the design and construction of breakwaters in harbour engineering, and other hydraulic structures bearing wave action may refer to this code.
1.0.3 The determination of breakwater plane layout, design water level and wave conditions shall comply with the relevant requirements of the current professional standards "Design Code of General Layout for Sea Port" (JTJ 211) and "Code for Sea Port Hydrology" (JTJ 213).
1.0.4 The design and construction of breakwaters shall not only comply with the code, but also those in the current relevant ones of the nation.
2 Terms
2.0.1 Berm
A platform on mound breakwater slope surface, or banquette.
2.0.2 Armor block
Block stone or concrete block for mound breakwater armor.
2.0.3 Allowable ratio of instability of block
The percentage of block numbers allowing moving or falling under wave action within the range of 1.0 times the design wave height armor above and below the calculation water level.
2.0.4 Wide-berm rubble mound breakwater
Mound breakwater with block stone armor that berm is relatively wide and berm and slope surface are allowed to generate a certain deformation and form dynamic equilibrium profile under wave action.
2.0.5 Vertical breakwater of normal placed blocks
Gravity vertical breakwater that the body is built by precast concrete block layer by layer.
2.0.6 Vertical breakwater of caissons
Gravity vertical breakwater that the body consists of reinforced concrete caisson.
2.0.7 Horizontal composite breakwater
Vertical breakwater of block stone or concrete block with close outside filling and breakwater body height.
2.0.8 Chamfered vertical breakwater
Vertical breakwater that superstructure outside is a chamfer angle.
2.0.9 Vertical breakwater of perforated caissons
Vertical breakwater of caissons, which is opened in outer wall and internally arranged with wave breaking chamber.
2.0.10 Seated-cylinder vertical breakwater
Vertical breakwater that the body consists of major-diameter cylinder and is placed on rubble-mound bedding.
2.0.11 Piled vertical breakwater
Vertical breakwater which consists of row of piles.
2.0.12 Semi-circular breakwater
Breakwater that the body consists of reinforced concrete member or semi-circular caisson composed of semi-circular arch ring and bottom slab and is placed on rubble-mound bedding.
2.0.13 Open type breakwater
Breakwater that the upper part is for wave screening and the lower part is open.
2.0.14 Overtopping
There is stratified water to cross the breakwater top.
2.0.15 Overtopping volume
The water quantity that wave crosses the breakwater crest, which is expressed with average overtopping flow per linear meter.
3 Basic Requirements
3.1 General Requirements
3.1.1 The longitudinal axis of the breakwater should not stagger outwards to form concave corner; where the breakwater axis is necessary to stagger outwards, the external included angle should not be less than 150°.
3.1.2 The selection of breakwater structural type and the determination of cross section dimension shall meet the following requirements.
3.1.2.1 The structural selection of the breakwater shall be determined through comprehensive technical and economic comparison according to service requirements, natural conditions, material source and construction conditions, etc. If necessary, the structural type with hydrophilicity or landscape effect may be considered in combination with site conditions and local cultural background.
Contents of JTS 154-1-2011
1 General Provisions
2 Terms
3 Basic Requirements
3.1 General Requirements
3.2 Breakwater Design
3.3 Breakwater Construction
4 Design of Mound Breakwater
4.1 Type and Dimension of Cross Section
4.2 Calculation of Mound Breakwater
4.3 Structure of Mound Breakwater
4.4 Design of Riprap Submerged Breakwater
5 Design of Vertical Breakwater
5.1 Type and Dimension of Cross Section
5.2 Calculation of Vertical Breakwater
5.3 Structure
5.4 Chamfered Vertical Breakwater
5.5 Vertical Breakwater of Perforated Caissons
5.6 Seated-cylinder Vertical Breakwater
5.7 Piled Vertical Breakwater
6 Design of Other Types of Breakwaters
6.1 Semi-circular Breakwater
6.2 Permeable Breakwater
7 Construction of Mound Breakwater
7.1 Cushion and Foundation Treatment
7.2 Breakwater Body Filling
7.3 Armor
7.4 Superstructure
7.5 Completion Dimension
8 Construction of Vertical Breakwater
8.1 Foundation Construction
8.2 Breakwater Body
8.3 Superstructure
8.4 Completion Dimension
9 Construction of Other Types of Breakwaters
9.1 Semi-circular Breakwater
9.2 Open Type Breakwater
Appendix A Determination of Oblique Wave Action
Appendix B Shapes and Dimensions of Typical Armor Blocks
Appendix C Calculating Figures for Stable Weight of Armor block, Number and Concrete Quantity of Concrete Blocks
Appendix D Determination of Seabed Scour in front of Mound Breakwater
Appendix E Calculating Figures for Stable Weight of Rubble Bedding Berm and Armor Blocks
Appendix F Determination of Seabed Scour in front of Vertical Breakwater
Appendix G Determination of Wave Pressures of Vertical Breakwater with Cutaway Cross Section
Appendix H Calculation of Wave Force on Rectangular Perforated Caissons
Appendix J Determination of Wave Pressure for Semi-Circular Breakwater
Appendix K Explanation of Wording in This Code
Additional Explanation Name List of Chief Development Organization, Participating Organizations, Chief Drafting Staff, Chief Checking Personnel and Administrative Group Personnel of This Code
