GB/T 42596.1-2023 Machine tools safety - Presses - Part 1: General safety requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies technical safety requirements and measures to be adopted by persons undertaking the design, manufacture and supply of presses which are intended to work cold metal or material partly of cold metal.
This document applies to presses which can function independently and can also be used as a guide for the design of presses which are intended to be integrated in a manufacturing system.
The covered presses transmit force mechanically to cut, form, or work cold metal or other sheet materials by means of tools or dies attached to or operated by slides/ram in range in size from small high speed machines with a single operator producing small workpieces to large relatively slow speed machines with several operators and large workpieces.
This document does not cover machines whose principal designed purpose is:
a) metal cutting by guillotine;
b) attaching a fastener, e.g. riveting, stapling or stitching;
c) bending or folding by press brakes or folding machines;
d) straightening;
e) turret punch pressing;
f) extruding;
g) drop forging or drop stamping;
h) compaction of metal powder;
i) single purpose punching machines designed exclusively for profiles, e.g. used in the construction industry;
j) spot welding;
k) tube bending;
l) working by pneumatic hammer.
This document is not applicable to presses which are manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1251.1 Ergonomics - Danger signals for public and work areas - Auditory danger (GB/T 1251.1-2008; ISO 7731: 2003, IDT)
GB/T 1251.2 Ergonomics - Visual danger signals - General requirements design and testing (GB/T 1251.2-2006; ISO 11428: 1996, IDT)
GB/T 3766-2015 Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components (ISO 4413: 2010, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content from GB/T 3766-2015 and that from ISO 4413:2010.
GB/T 4584 Specification of active opto-electronic protective devices for presses
GB/T 5226.1-2019 Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60204-1: 2016, IDT)
GB/T 7932-2017 Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components (ISO 4414: 2010, IDT)
GB/T 8196-2018 Safety of machinery - Guards - General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards (ISO 14120: 2015, IDT)
GB/T 12265-2021 Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body (ISO 13854: 2017, IDT)
GB/T 14048.20 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-8: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Three-position enabling switches (GB/T 14048.20-2013; IEC 60947-5-8: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010, IDT)
GB/T 16754 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design (GB/T 16754-2021; ISO 13850: 2015, IDT)
GB/T 16855.1-2018 Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design (ISO 13849-1: 2015, IDT)
GB/T 16855.2-2015 Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 2: Validation (ISO13849-2: 2012, IDT)
GB/T 17888 (all parts) Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery [ISO 14122 (all parts)]
Notes:
GB/T 17888.1-2020 Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 1: Choice of fixed means and general requirements of access (ISO 14122-1: 2016, IDT)
GB/T 17888.2-2020 Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 2: Working platforms and walkways (ISO 14122-2: 2016, IDT)
GB/T 17888.3-2020 Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 3: Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails (ISO 14122-3: 2016, IDT)
GB/T 17888.4-2020 Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 4: Fixed ladders (ISO 14122-4: 2016, IDT)
GB/T 18153-2000 Safety of machinery - Temperatures of touchable surfaces - Ergonomics data to establish temperature limit values for hot surfaces
GB/T 18831-2017 Safety of machinery - Interlocking devices associated with guards - Principles for design and selection (ISO 14119: 2013, IDT)
GB/T 19436.1-2013 Electrical safety of machinery - Electro-sensitive protective equipment - Part 1: General requirements and tests (IEC 61496-1: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 19436.2-2013 Electrical safety of machinery - Electro-sensitive protective equipment - Part 2:Particular requirements for equipment using active opto-electronic protective devices(AOPDs) (IEC 61496-2: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 19436.3-2008 Electrical safety of machinery - Electro-sensitive protective equipment - Part 3: Particular requirements for Active Opto-electronic Protective Devices responsive to Diffuse Reflection(AOPDDR) (IEC 61496-3: 2001, IDT)
GB/T 19670 Safety of machinery - Prevention of unexpected start-up (GB/T 19670-2005; ISO 14118: 2000, MOD)
GB/T 19671-2005 Safety of machinery - Two-hand control devices - Functional aspects and design principles (ISO 13851: 2002, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content from GB/T 19671-2005 and that from ISO 13851:2002.
GB/T 19876-2012 Safety of machinery - Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speeds of parts of the human body (ISO 13855: 2010, IDT)
GB/T 23281 Metal forming machinery - Noise measurement method of sound pressure levels
GB/T 23282 Metal forming machinery - Noise measurement method of sound power levels
GB/T 23821-2009 Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 25078.1 Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment - Part 1: Planning (GB/T 25078.1-2010; ISO/TR 11688-1: 1995, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 15706-2012 and GB/T 16855.1-2018 as well as the following apply.
3.1 Groups of presses defined in the different parts of the GB/T 42596 series
3.1.1
press
machine designed or intended to transmit energy to a tool/punch (3.2.13) for the purpose of the working (e.g. forming or shaping) of cold metal or material partly of cold metal between the tools
3.1.2
mechanical press
press designed or intended to transmit energy from a prime mover to a tool/punch (3.2.13) by mechanical means using a clutch mechanism which transmits torque to impart motion of the flywheel to the slide
Note: See Figure 1.
Key
1——flywheel guard;
2——clutch;
3——flywheel;
4——motor pulley;
5——belt;
6——slide;
7——slide flange, tool holder;
8——bolster/bed-plate;
9——bed.
Figure 1 Example of a friction clutch (part revolution clutch) press (tools area safeguards not shown)
3.1.3
mechanical servo press
press designed or intended to transmit energy to a tool/punch (3.2.13) by mechanical means using a servo drive mechanism without clutch mechanism to generate torque to impart motion to the slide
Note: See Figure 2.
Foreword i
Introduction iii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Groups of presses defined in the different parts of the GB/T 42596 series
3.2 General terms used for parts of a press used in the GB/T 42596 series
3.3 General terms used for control functions for presses
3.4 Operating modes and control functions
4 List of significant hazards
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 General
5.2 Basic design requirements
5.3 Mechanical hazards in the area around the tools
5.4 Control and monitoring system
5.5 Tool-setting, trial strokes, maintenance and lubrication
5.6 Other mechanical hazards
5.7 Slips, trips and falls
5.8 Protection against other hazards
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures
7 Information for use
7.1 General requirements
7.2 Marking
7.3 Warning
7.4 Instructions handbook
Annex A (Informative) Significant hazards, hazardous situations and protective measures
Annex B (Informative) Closed tools
Annex C (Informative) Electro-sensitive protective equipment (ESPE) using active opto-electronic protective devices (AOPDs)
Annex D (Normative) Calculation of minimum distances
Annex E (Informative) Slide operation mode
Annex F (Normative) Noise test code
Bibliography
GB/T 42596.1-2023 Machine tools safety - Presses - Part 1: General safety requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies technical safety requirements and measures to be adopted by persons undertaking the design, manufacture and supply of presses which are intended to work cold metal or material partly of cold metal.
This document applies to presses which can function independently and can also be used as a guide for the design of presses which are intended to be integrated in a manufacturing system.
The covered presses transmit force mechanically to cut, form, or work cold metal or other sheet materials by means of tools or dies attached to or operated by slides/ram in range in size from small high speed machines with a single operator producing small workpieces to large relatively slow speed machines with several operators and large workpieces.
This document does not cover machines whose principal designed purpose is:
a) metal cutting by guillotine;
b) attaching a fastener, e.g. riveting, stapling or stitching;
c) bending or folding by press brakes or folding machines;
d) straightening;
e) turret punch pressing;
f) extruding;
g) drop forging or drop stamping;
h) compaction of metal powder;
i) single purpose punching machines designed exclusively for profiles, e.g. used in the construction industry;
j) spot welding;
k) tube bending;
l) working by pneumatic hammer.
This document is not applicable to presses which are manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1251.1 Ergonomics - Danger signals for public and work areas - Auditory danger (GB/T 1251.1-2008; ISO 7731: 2003, IDT)
GB/T 1251.2 Ergonomics - Visual danger signals - General requirements design and testing (GB/T 1251.2-2006; ISO 11428: 1996, IDT)
GB/T 3766-2015 Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components (ISO 4413: 2010, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content from GB/T 3766-2015 and that from ISO 4413:2010.
GB/T 4584 Specification of active opto-electronic protective devices for presses
GB/T 5226.1-2019 Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60204-1: 2016, IDT)
GB/T 7932-2017 Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components (ISO 4414: 2010, IDT)
GB/T 8196-2018 Safety of machinery - Guards - General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards (ISO 14120: 2015, IDT)
GB/T 12265-2021 Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body (ISO 13854: 2017, IDT)
GB/T 14048.20 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-8: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Three-position enabling switches (GB/T 14048.20-2013; IEC 60947-5-8: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010, IDT)
GB/T 16754 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design (GB/T 16754-2021; ISO 13850: 2015, IDT)
GB/T 16855.1-2018 Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design (ISO 13849-1: 2015, IDT)
GB/T 16855.2-2015 Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 2: Validation (ISO13849-2: 2012, IDT)
GB/T 17888 (all parts) Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery [ISO 14122 (all parts)]
Notes:
GB/T 17888.1-2020 Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 1: Choice of fixed means and general requirements of access (ISO 14122-1: 2016, IDT)
GB/T 17888.2-2020 Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 2: Working platforms and walkways (ISO 14122-2: 2016, IDT)
GB/T 17888.3-2020 Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 3: Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails (ISO 14122-3: 2016, IDT)
GB/T 17888.4-2020 Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 4: Fixed ladders (ISO 14122-4: 2016, IDT)
GB/T 18153-2000 Safety of machinery - Temperatures of touchable surfaces - Ergonomics data to establish temperature limit values for hot surfaces
GB/T 18831-2017 Safety of machinery - Interlocking devices associated with guards - Principles for design and selection (ISO 14119: 2013, IDT)
GB/T 19436.1-2013 Electrical safety of machinery - Electro-sensitive protective equipment - Part 1: General requirements and tests (IEC 61496-1: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 19436.2-2013 Electrical safety of machinery - Electro-sensitive protective equipment - Part 2:Particular requirements for equipment using active opto-electronic protective devices(AOPDs) (IEC 61496-2: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 19436.3-2008 Electrical safety of machinery - Electro-sensitive protective equipment - Part 3: Particular requirements for Active Opto-electronic Protective Devices responsive to Diffuse Reflection(AOPDDR) (IEC 61496-3: 2001, IDT)
GB/T 19670 Safety of machinery - Prevention of unexpected start-up (GB/T 19670-2005; ISO 14118: 2000, MOD)
GB/T 19671-2005 Safety of machinery - Two-hand control devices - Functional aspects and design principles (ISO 13851: 2002, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content from GB/T 19671-2005 and that from ISO 13851:2002.
GB/T 19876-2012 Safety of machinery - Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speeds of parts of the human body (ISO 13855: 2010, IDT)
GB/T 23281 Metal forming machinery - Noise measurement method of sound pressure levels
GB/T 23282 Metal forming machinery - Noise measurement method of sound power levels
GB/T 23821-2009 Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 25078.1 Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment - Part 1: Planning (GB/T 25078.1-2010; ISO/TR 11688-1: 1995, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 15706-2012 and GB/T 16855.1-2018 as well as the following apply.
3.1 Groups of presses defined in the different parts of the GB/T 42596 series
3.1.1
press
machine designed or intended to transmit energy to a tool/punch (3.2.13) for the purpose of the working (e.g. forming or shaping) of cold metal or material partly of cold metal between the tools
3.1.2
mechanical press
press designed or intended to transmit energy from a prime mover to a tool/punch (3.2.13) by mechanical means using a clutch mechanism which transmits torque to impart motion of the flywheel to the slide
Note: See Figure 1.
Key
1——flywheel guard;
2——clutch;
3——flywheel;
4——motor pulley;
5——belt;
6——slide;
7——slide flange, tool holder;
8——bolster/bed-plate;
9——bed.
Figure 1 Example of a friction clutch (part revolution clutch) press (tools area safeguards not shown)
3.1.3
mechanical servo press
press designed or intended to transmit energy to a tool/punch (3.2.13) by mechanical means using a servo drive mechanism without clutch mechanism to generate torque to impart motion to the slide
Note: See Figure 2.
Contents of GB/T 42596.1-2023
Foreword i
Introduction iii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Groups of presses defined in the different parts of the GB/T 42596 series
3.2 General terms used for parts of a press used in the GB/T 42596 series
3.3 General terms used for control functions for presses
3.4 Operating modes and control functions
4 List of significant hazards
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 General
5.2 Basic design requirements
5.3 Mechanical hazards in the area around the tools
5.4 Control and monitoring system
5.5 Tool-setting, trial strokes, maintenance and lubrication
5.6 Other mechanical hazards
5.7 Slips, trips and falls
5.8 Protection against other hazards
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures
7 Information for use
7.1 General requirements
7.2 Marking
7.3 Warning
7.4 Instructions handbook
Annex A (Informative) Significant hazards, hazardous situations and protective measures
Annex B (Informative) Closed tools
Annex C (Informative) Electro-sensitive protective equipment (ESPE) using active opto-electronic protective devices (AOPDs)
Annex D (Normative) Calculation of minimum distances
Annex E (Informative) Slide operation mode
Annex F (Normative) Noise test code
Bibliography
