Standard No.:	GB 4943.1-2022
English Name:	Audio/video,information and communication technology equipment—Part 1: Safety requirements
Chinese Name:	音视频、信息技术和通信技术设备 第1部分：安全要求
Chinese Classification:	L09    Hygiene, safety and labor protection
Professional Classification:	GB    National Standard
Source Content Issued by:	SAMR; SAC
Issued on:	2022-07-19
Implemented on:	2023-8-1
Status:	valid
Superseding:	GB 4943.1-2011 Information technology equipment -Safety - Part 1: General requirements GB 8898-2011 Audio,video and similar electronic apparatus—Safety requirements
Target Language:	English
File Format:	PDF
Word Count:	185000 words
Translation Price(USD):	4000.0
Delivery:	via email in 1 business day

GB 4943.1:2022 Audio / video, information and communication technology equipment -Part 1 : Safety requirements English 1 Scope This document include requirements for the safety of electrical and electronic equipment within the field of audio, video, information and communication technology, and business and office machines with a rated voltage not exceeding 600 V. This document does not include requirements for performance or functional characteristics of equipment. Note 1: Examples of equipment within the scope of this document are given in Annex A. Note 2: A rated voltage of 600 V is considered to include equipment rated 400/690 V. This document is also applicable to: ——components and subassemblies intended for incorporation in this equipment. Such components and subassemblies do not need to comply with every requirement of this document, provided that the complete equipment, incorporating such components and subassemblies, does comply; ——external power supply units intended to supply other equipment within the scope of this document; ——accessories intended to be used with equipment within the scope of this document; ——large equipment installed in restricted access areas. For equipment having large machinery aspects, additional requirements may apply; and ——equipment to be used in tropical regions. This document also includes requirements for audio/video, information and communication technology equipment intended to be installed in an outdoor location. The requirements for outdoor equipment also apply, where relevant, to outdoor enclosures suitable for direct installation in the field and supplied for housing audio/video, information and communication, technology equipment to be installed in an outdoor location. See Annex Y for specific construction requirements. Each installation may have particular requirements. In addition, requirements for protection of the outdoor equipment against the effects of direct lightning strikes are not covered by this document. Note 3: For information on this subject, see GB/T 21714.1. This document assumes a maximum altitude of 5000 m unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. Additional requirements for equipment having the capability to supply DC power over commonly used communication cables, such as USB or Ethernet (PoE), are given in IEC 62368-3. IEC 62368-3 does not apply to: ——equipment supplying power using proprietary connectors; or ——equipment using a proprietary protocol for power selection. This document specifies safeguards for ordinary persons, instructed persons, and skilled persons. Additional requirements may apply for equipment that is clearly designed or intended for use by children or specifically attractive to children. Note 4: In Australia, the work conducted by an instructed person or a skilled person may require formal licensing from regulatory authorities. Note 5: In Germany, in many cases a person may only be regarded as an instructed person or a skilled person if certain legal requirements are fulfilled. This document does not apply to: ——equipment with non-self-contained hazardous moving parts, such as robotic equipment; and Note 6: For standards related to robotic equipment in an industrial environment, see GB/ T 5226.1, GB 5226.3, GB 11291.1 and GB 11291.2. ——personal care robots, including mobile servant robots, physical assistant robots, and person carrier robots; and Note 7: For requirements related to personal care robots, see GB/T 36530. ——power supply systems that are not an integral part of the equipment, such as motor- generator sets, battery backup systems and distribution transformers. This document does not address: ——manufacturing processes except for routine tests; ——injurious effects of gases released by thermal decomposition or combustion; ——disposal processes; ——effects of transport (other than as specified in this document); ——effects of storage of materials, components, or the equipment itself; ——the likelihood of injury from particulate radiation such as alpha particles and beta particles; ——the likelihood of thermal injury due to radiated or convected thermal energy; ——the likelihood of injury due to flammable liquids; ——the use of the equipment in oxygen-enriched or explosive atmospheres; ——exposure to chemicals other than as specified in Clause 7; ——electrostatic discharge events; ——exposure to electromagnetic fields; ——environmental aspects; or ——requirements for functional safety, except for those related to work cells. Note 8: For specific functional and software safety requirements of electronic safety-related systems (for example, protective electronic circuits), see GB/T20438.1. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 261 Determination of flash point - Pensky-Martens closed cup method (GB/T 261-2021, ISO 2719 :2016, MOD) GB/T 528 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of tensile stress-strain properties (GB/T 528-2009, ISO 37:2005, IDT) GB/T 1002 Single phase plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Types basic parameters and dimensions GB/T 1003 Three phases plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Types, basic parameters and dimensions GB/T 1040 (All parts) Plastics - Determination of tensile properties [ISO 527 (All parts)] Note: The consistency between GB/T 1040 (all parts) and ISO 527 (all parts) is shown in Annex BB. GB/T 1043.1 Plastics - Determination of charpy impact properties - Part 1: Non - instrumented impact test (GB/T 1043.1-2008, ISO 179-1:2000, IDT) GB/T 1094.14 Power transformer - Part 14: Liquid-immersed power transformer using high-temperature insulation materials (GB/T 1094.14-2022, IEC 60076-14:2013, MOD) GB/T 1408.1 Insulating materials - Test methods for electric strength - Part 1: Test at power frequencies (GB/T 1408.1-2016, IEC 60243-1:2013, IDT) GB/T 1633 Plastics - Thermoplastic materials - Determination of Vicat softening temperature (VST) (GB/T 1633 - 2000, ISO 306:1994, IDT) GB/T 1843 Plastics - Determination of izod impact strength (GB/T 1843-2008, ISO 180:2000, IDT) GB/T 2099.1 Plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Part 1: General requirements (GB/T 2099.1 - 2021, IEC 60884-1:2013, MOD) GB/T 2423.3 Environmental testing - Part 2: Testing method - Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state (GB/T 2423.3 - 2016, IEC 60068-2-78:2012, IDT) GB/T 2423.10 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Tests methods - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) (GB/T 2423.10-2019, IEC 60068-2-6:2007, IDT) GB/T 2423.17 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test method - Test Ka: Salt mist (GB/T 2423.17-2008, IEC 60068-2-11:1981, IDT) GB 2536 Fluids for electrotechnical applications - Unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear (GB 2536-2011, IEC 60296:2003, MOD) GB/T 2893 (all parts) Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs [ISO 3864(all parts)] Note: The consistency between GB/T 2893 (all parts) and ISO 3864 (all parts) is shown in Annex BB. GB/T 4025 Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification - Coding principles for indicators and actuators (GB/T 4025-2010, IEC 60073:2002, IDT) GB/T 4207 Method for the determination of the proof and the comparative tracking indices of solid insulating materials (GB/T 4207-2012, IEC 60112:2009, IDT) GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code) (IEC 60529:2013, IDT) GB/T 4610 Plastics - Determination of ignition temperature using a hot-air furnace (GB/T 4610-2008, ISO 871:2006, IDT) GB/T 5013.1 Rubber insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V - Part 1: General requirements (GB/T 5013.1- 2008, IEC 60245-1:2003, IDT) GB/T 5023.1 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750V - Part 1: General requirements (GB/T 5023.1-2008, IEC 60227-1:2007, IDT) GB/T 5023. 2-2008 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V - Part 2: Test methods (IEC 60227-2:2003, IDT) GB/T 5169.5-2020 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 5: Test flames - Needle-flame test method - Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance (IEC 60695-11-5:2016, IDT) GB/T 5169.11 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT) (GB/T 5169.11-2017, IEC 60695-2-11:2014, IDT) GB/T 5169.16 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 16: Test flames - 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods (GB/T 5169.16-2017, IEC 60695-11-10:2013, IDT) GB/T 5169.17-2017 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 17: Test flames - 500 W flame test method (IEC 60695-11-20:2015, IDT) GB/T 5169.19 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 19: Abnormal heat - Mould stress relief distortion test (GB/T 5169.19-2006, IEC 60695-10-3:2002, IDT) GB/T 5169.21 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 21: Abnormal heat - Ball pressure test method (GB/T 5169.21-2017, IEC 60695-10-2:2014, IDT) GB/T 5169.23 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 23: Test flames - 500 W vertical flame test method for tubular polymeric materials (GB/T 5169.23-2008, IEC/TS 60695-11-21:2005, IDT) GB/T 5208 Determination of flash point - Rapid equilibrium closed cup method (GB/T 5208-2008, ISO 3679:2004, IDT) GB/T 5465.2 Graphical symbols for use on electrical equipment - Part 2: Graphical symbols (GB/T 5465.2-2008, IEC 60417 DB: 2007, IDT) GB/T 6109 (all parts) Enammelled round winding wire [IEC 60317(all parts)] Note: The consistency between GB/T 6109 (all parts) and IEC 60317 (all parts) is shown in Annex BB. GB/T 6344 Flexible cellular polymeric materials - Determination of tensile strength and elongation at break (GB/T 6344-2008, ISO 1798:2008, IDT) GB/T 6346.14 Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment - Part 14: Sectional specification - Fixed capacitors for electromagnetic interference suppression and connection to the supply mains (GB/T 6346.14-2015, IEC 60384-14:2005, IDT) GB/T 8332 Test method for flammability of cellular plastic - Horizonal burning method (GB/T 8332-2008, ISO 9772: 2001, IDT) GB 8897.4 Primary batteries - Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries (GB 8897.4-2008, IEC 60086-4:2007, IDT) GB 8897.5 Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte (GB 8897.5-2013, IEC 60086-5: 2011, IDT) GB/T 9341 Plastics - Determination of flexural properties (GB/T 9341-2008, ISO 178:2001, IDT) GB/T 9364 (all parts) Miniature fuses [IEC 60127(all parts)] Note: The consistency between GB/T 9364 (all parts) and IEC 60127 (all parts) is shown in Annex BB. GB/T 10193 Varistors for use in electronic equipment - Part 1: Generic specification (GB/T 10193-1997, IEC 61051-1:1991, IDT) GB/T 10194-1997 Varistors for use in electronic equipment - Part 2: Sectional specification for surge suppression varistors (IEC 61051-2:1991, IDT) GB/T 11021 Electrical insulation - Thermal evaluation and designation (GB/T 11021-2014, IEC 60085:2007, IDT) GB/T 11918 (all parts) Plugs, socket-outlet and couplers for industrial purposes [IEC 60309 (all parts)] Note: The consistency between GB/T 11918 (all parts) and IEC 60309 (all parts) is shown in Annex BB. GB/T 13140.1 Connecting devices for low-voltage circuits for household and similar purposes - Part l: General requirements (GB/T 13140.1-2008, IEC 60998-1:2002, IDT) GB/T 14048.1 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules (GB/T 14048.1-2012, IEC 60947-1:2011, MOD) GB/T 14048.14 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-5: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function (GB/T 14048.14-2019, IEC 60947-5-5:2016, IDT) GB/T 15092.1-2020 Switches for appliances - Part 1: General requirements (IEC 61058-1:2016, MOD) GB/T 16422.1 Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 1: General guidance (GB/T 16422.1-2019, ISO 4892-1:2016, IDT) GB/T 16422.2 Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps (GB/T 16422.2-2014, ISO 4892-2:2006, IDT) GB/T 16422.4 Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 4: Open-flame carbon-arc lamps (GB/T 16422.4-2014, ISO 4892-4:2004, IDT) GB/T 16935.1-2008 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems - Part 1: Principles requirements and tests (IEC 60664-1:2007, IDT) GB/T 16935.3 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems - Part 3: Use of coating, potting or moulding for protection against pollution (GB/T 16935.3-2016, IEC 60664-3:2010, IDT) GB/T 17285 Marking of electrical equipment with ratings related to electrical supply - Safety requirements (GB/T 17285-2009, IEC 61293:1994, IDT) GB/T 17464 Connecting devices - Electrical copper conductors - Safety requirements for screw-type and screwless-type clamping units - Part 1: General requirements and particular requirements for clamping units for conductors from 0.2 mm2 up to 35 mm2 (included) (GB/T 17464-2012, IEC 60999-1:1999, IDT) GB/T 17465 (all parts) Appliance couplers for household and similar general purposes [IEC 60320 (all parts)] Note: The consistency between GB/T 17465 (all parts) and IEC 60320 (all parts) is shown in Annex BB. GB/T 18380.12 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions - Part 12: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for 1 kW premixed flame (GB/T 18380.12-2022, IEC 60332-1-2:2015, IDT) GB/T 18380.13 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Part 13: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for determination of flaming droplets/particles (GB/T 18380.13-2022, IEC 60332-1-3:2015, IDT) GB/T 18380.22 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions - Part 22: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single small insulated wire or cable - Procedure for diffusion flame (GB/T 18380.22-2008, IEC 60332-2-2:2004, IDT) GB/T 18802.11-2020 Low-voltage surge protective devices (SPD) - Part 11: Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power systems - Requirements and test methods (IEC 61643-11:2011, MOD) GB/T 18802.12 Low-voltage surge protective device (SPD) - Part 12: Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power systems - Selection and application principles (GB/T 18802.12-2014, IEC 61643-12:2008, IDT) GB/T 18802.21 Low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 21: Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications and signaling networks - Performance requirements and testing methods (GB/T 18802.21-2016, IEC 61643-21:2012, IDT) GB/T 18802.22 Low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 22: Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications and signalling networks - Selection and application principles (GB/T 18802.22-2019, IEC 61643-22:2015, IDT) GB/T 18802.31 Low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 31: Surge protective devices connected to photovoltaic installations - Requirements and test methods (GB/T 18802. 31-2021, IEC 61643-31:2018, IDT) GB/T 18802.32 Low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 32: Surge protective devices connected to photovoltaic installations - Selection and application principles (GB/T 18802. 32-2021, IEC 61643-32:2017, IDT) GB/T 18802.311 Components for low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 311: Performance requirements and test circuits for gas discharge tubes (GDT) (GB/T 18802.311-2017, IEC 61643-311:2013, IDT) GB/T 18802.312 Components for low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 312: Selection and application principles for gas discharge tubes (GDT) (GB/T 18802. 312-2017, IEC 61643-312:2013, IDT) GB/T 18802.321 Components for low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 321: Specifications for avalanche breakdown diode (ABD) (GB/T 18802. 321-2007, IEC 61643-321:2001, IDT) GB/T 18802.331 Components for low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 331: Specification for metal oxide varistors (MOV) (GB/T 18802.331-2007, IEC 61643-331:2003, IDT) GB/T 18802.341 Components for low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 341: Specification for thyristor surge suppressors (TSS) (GB/T 18802.341-2007, IEC 61643-341:2001, IDT) GB/T 18802.351 Components for low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 351: Performance requirements and test methods for telecommunications and signalling network surge isolation transformers (SIT) (GB/T 18802.351-2019, IEC 61643-351:2016, IDT) GB/T 19212 (all parts) Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and combinations thereof [IEC 61558-2 (all parts )] GB/T 19212.17 Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for supply voltages up to 1100V - Part 17: Particular requirements and tests for switch mode power supply units and transformers for switch mode power supply units (GB/T 19212.17-2019, IEC 61558-2-16:2013, MOD) GB/T 19638.1 Lead-acid batteries for stationary valve-regulated - Part 1: Technical requirements (GB/T 19638.1-2014, IEC 60896-22:2004, MOD) GB/T 19639.1 General purpose valve-regulated lead-acid batteries - Part 1: Technical conditions (GB/T 19639.1-2014, IEC 61056-1:2012, MOD) GB/T 19639.2 General purpose valve-regulated lead-acid batteries - Part 2: Kinds of products and specifications (GB/T 19639.2-2014, IEC 61056-2:2012, MOD) GB/T 20145-2006 Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems (CIE S 009:2002, IEC 62471:2006, IDT) GB/T 20636 Connecting device - Electrical copper conductors - Safety requirements for screw-type and screwless-type clamping units - Particular requirements for conductors above 35mm2 up to 300mm2 (GB/T 20636-2006, IEC 60999-2:2003, IDT) GB/T 20854 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Accelerated testing involving cyclic exposure to salt mist "dry" and "wet" condition (GB/T 20854-2007, ISO 14993:2001, IDT) GB/T 21218 Specifications for unused silicone insulating liquids for electrotechnical purposes (GB/T 21218-2007, IEC 60836:2005, IDT) GB 21966 Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport (GB 21966-2008, IEC 62281:2004, IDT) GB/T 22578.1 Electrical insulation systems (EIS) - Thermal evaluation of combined liquid and solid components - Part 1: General requirements (GB/T 22578.1-2017, IEC/TS 62332-1:2011, IDT) GB/T 23311 Aromatic polyimide tape wrapped round copper wire class 240 (GB/T 23311-2009, IEC 60317-43:1997, IDT) GB 27701-2011 Mechanical safety of cathode ray tubes (IEC 61965:2003, IDT) GB/T 27750 Classification of insulating liquids (GB/T 27750-2011, IEC 61039:2008, IDT) GB/T 28163 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non acid electrolytes - Mechanical tests for sealed portable secondary cells and batteries (GB/T 28163-2011, IEC 61959:2004, IDT) GB/T 28164 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them, for use in portable application (GB/T 28164-2011, IEC 62133:2002, IDT) GB/T 28416 Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres - Accelerated corrosion tests involving alternate exposure to corrosion-promoting gases, neutral salt-spray and drying (GB/T 28416-2012, ISO 21207:2004, IDT) GB/T 30117.5-2019 Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems - Part 5: Image projectors (IEC 62471-5:2015, IDT) GB 31241 Lithium ion cells and batteries used in portable electronic equipments - Safety technical specification GB/T 31523.1 Safety information identification systems - Part 1: Signs (GB/T 31523.1-2015, ISO 7010: 2011, MOD) GB/T 34989 Connectors - Safety requirements and tests (GB/T 34989-2017, IEC 61984:2008, MOD) ISO 1817:2015 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of the effect of liquids Note: GB/T 1690-2010 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of the effect of liquids (ISO 1817:2005, MOD) ISO 3231 Paints and varnishes - Determination of resistance to humid atmospheres containing sulfur dioxide ISO 4892-2:2013 Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part2: Xenon-arc lamps ISO 7000 Graphical symbols for use on equipment - Registered symbols Note: The degree of conformity between GB/T 16273 (all parts) and ISO 7000 is shown in Annex BB. ISO 8256 Plastics - Determination of tensile – Impact strength ISO 9773 Plastics - Determination of burning behavior of thin flexible vertical specimens in contact with a small-flame ignition source ISO 13849-1 Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems – Part 1: General principles for design IEC 60027-1 Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 1: General Note: GB/T 2987-1996 Letter symbols of parameter for electronic tubes (IEC 60027-1:1992, IEC 60027-2:1972, NEQ) IEC 60107-1:1997 Methods of measurement on receivers for television broadcast transmissions - Part1: General considerations - Measurements at radio and video frequencies Note: GB/T 17309.1-1998 Methods of measurement on receivers for television broadcast transmissions - Part 1: General considerations - Electrical measurements at radio and video frequencies and measurements on displays (IEC 60107-1:1995, IDT) IEC 60317-0-7:2017 Specifications for particular types of winding wires – Part 0-7: General requirements - Fully insulated (FIW) zero-defect enamelled round copper wire IEC 60317-56 Specifications for particular types of winding wires – Part 56: Solderable fully insulated (FIW) zero-defect polyurethane enamelled round copper wire, class 180 IEC 60417 Graphical symbols for use on equipment IEC 60691:2015 Thermal-links - Requirements and application guide Note: GB/T 9816.1-2013 Thermal-links - Part 1: Requirements and application guide (IEC 60691:2002, MOD) IEC 60728-11:2016 Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services – Part 11: Safety IEC 60730 (all parts) Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use Note: GB/T 14536 (all parts) Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use [IEC 60730 (all parts)] IEC 60730-1:2013 Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 1: General requirements Note: GB/T 14536.1-2008 Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 1: General requirements [IEC 60730 (IEC 60730-1:2003, IDT) IEC 60738-1:2006 Thermistors - Directly heated positive temperature coefficient – Part 1: Generic specification Note: GB/T 7153-2002 Thermistors - Directly heated positive temperature coefficient – Part 1: Generic specification (IEC 60738-1:1998, IDT) IEC 60747-5-5:2007 Semiconductor devices - Discrete devices – Part 5-5: Optoelectronic devices - Photocouplers IEC 60825 (all parts) Safety of laser products Note: GB/T 7247 (all parts) Safety of laser products [ IEC 60825 (all parts)] IEC 60825-1 Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements Note: GB/T 7247. 1-2012 Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements (IEC 60825-1:2007, IDT) IEC 60825-2 Safety of laser products - Part2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS) Note: GB/T 7247. 2-2018 Safety of laser products - Part2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS) (IEC 60825-2:2010, IDT) IEC 60825-12 Safety of laser products – Part 12: Safety of free space optical communication systems used for transmission of information IEC 60851-3:2009 + Amd1:2013 Winding wires - Test methods – Part 3: Mechanical properties Note: GB/T 4074.3-2008 Winding wires - Test methods – Part 3: Mechanical properties (IEC 60851-3:1997, IDT) IEC 60851-5:2008 + Amd1: 2011 Winding wires - Test methods – Part 5: Electrical properties Note: GB/T 4074.5-2008 Winding wires - Test methods – Part 5: Electrical properties (IEC 60851-5:2004, IDT) IEC 60896-11 Stationary lead – acid batteries – Part 11: Vented types – General requirements and methods of tests Note: GB/T 13337.1-2011 Stationary lead-acid batteries - Vented types - Part 1: Technical conditions (IEC 60896-11:2002, NEQ) IEC 60896-21:2004 Stationary lead – acid batteries – Part 21: Valve regulated types – Methods of test IEC 60990: 2016 Methods of measurement of touch current and protective conductor current Note: GB/T 12113-2003 Methods of measurement of touch current and protective conductor current (IEC 60990:1999, IDT) IEC 61051-2:1991 + Amd1:2009 Varistors for use in electronic equipment – Part 2: Sectional specification for surge suppression varistors IEC 61099 Insulating liquids - Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters for electrical purposes IEC 61204-7 Low-voltage power supplies – Part 7: Safety requirements IEC 61427 (all parts) Secondary cells and batteries for renewable energy storage – General requirements and methods of test Note: GB/T 22473-2008 Lead-acid storage batteries used for energy storage (IEC 61427:2005, NEQ) IEC/TS 61430 Secondary cells and batteries – Test methods for checking the performance of devices designed for reducing explosion hazards - Lead-acid starter batteries IEC 61434 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Guide to designation of current in alkaline secondary cell and battery standards IEC 61558-1:2017 Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products – Part 1: General requirements and tests Note: GB/T 19212.1-2016 Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and combinations thereof - Part 1: General requirements and tests (IEC 61558-1:2009, MOD) IEC 61643-331:2017 Components for low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 331: Performance requirements and test methods for metal oxide varistors (MOV) IEC 61810-1:2015 Electromechanical elementary relays – Part 1: General requirements Note: GB/T 21711.1-2008 Electromechanical elementary relays – Part 1: General requirements (IEC 61810-1:2003, IDT) IEC 62061 Safety of machinery - Functional safety of safety-related control systems IEC 62133-1 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them, for use in portable applications – Part 1: Nickel systems Note: GB/T 28164-2011 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them, for use in portable applications – Part 1: Nickel systems (IEC 62133:2002, IDT) IEC 62133-2 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary lithium cells, and for batteries made from them, for use in portable applications – Part 2: Lithium systems IEC 62230 Electric cables - Spark-test method IEC 62440:2008 Electric cables with a rated voltage not exceeding 450/750V - Guide to use IEC 62471 (all parts) Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems IEC 62485-2 Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations – Part 2: Stationary batteries IEC 62619 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications 3 Abbreviated terms, terms and definitions 3.1 Energy source abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply. ES Electrical energy source (See 5.2) ES1 Electrical energy source class 1 ES2 Electrical energy source class 2 ES3 Electrical energy source class 3 MS Mechanical energy source (See 8.2) MS1 Mechanical energy source class 1 MS2 Mechanical energy source class 2 MS3 Mechanical energy source class 3 PS Power source (See 6.2) PS1 Power source class 1 PS2 Power source class 2 PS3 Power source class 3 RS Radiation energy source (See 10.2) RS1 Radiation energy source class 1 RS2 Radiation energy source class 2 RS3 Radiation energy source class 3 TS Thermal energy source (See 9.2) TS1 Thermal energy source class 1 TS2 Thermal energy source class 2 TS3 Thermal energy source class 3 3.2 Other abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply. CD compact disc CD ROM compact disc read-only memory CRT cathode ray tube CSD calculated sound dose CTI comparative tracking index DVD digital versatile disc E sound exposure EIS electrical insulation system EUT equipment under test FIW fully insulated winding wire GDT gas discharge tube IC integrated circuit ICX integrated circuit with X-capacitor function IR infrared LED light emitting diode LEL lower explosion limit LFC liquid filled component LPS limited power source MEL momentary exposure level MOV metal oxide varistor NiCd nickel cadmium PIS potential ignition source PMP personal music player PoE power over Ethernet PPE personal protective equipment PTC positive temperature coefficient PTI proof tracking index RC resistor-capacitor RG risk group Sb antimony SEL sound exposure level SPD surge protective device SRME slide rail mounted equipment TSS thyristor surge suppressor UPS uninterruptible power supply USB universal serial bus UV ultraviolet VDR voltage dependent resistor VRLA valve regulated lead acid 3.3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. For the convenience of the user, the defined terms are listed below in alphabetical order indicating the number of the defined term. Where the words "voltage" and "current" or their abbreviations are used, they are RMS values unless otherwise specified. Term Subclause 5VA class material 3.3.4.2.1 5VB class material 3.3.4.2.2 abnormal operating condition 3.3.7.1 accessible 3.3.6.1 arcing PIS 3.3.9.2 backfeed 3.3.6.2 backfeed safeguard 3.3.11.1 basic insulation 3.3.5.1 basic safeguard 3.3.11.2 battery 3.3.17.1 calculated sound dose (CSD) 3.3.19.1 cell 3.3.17.2 cheesecloth 3.3.6.3 class I equipment 3.3.15.1 class II construction 3.3.15.2 class II equipment 3.3.15.3 class III equipment 3.3.15.4 clearance 3.3.12.1 coin/button cell battery 3.3.17.3 combustible material 3.3.4.1 consumable material 3.3.16.1 creepage distance 3.3.12.2 DC voltage 3.3.14.1 digital signal level relative to full scale (dBFS) 3.3.19.5 direct plug-in equipment 3.3.3.1 disconnect device 3.3.6.4 double insulation 3.3.5.2 double safeguard 3.3.11.3 electrical enclosure 3.3.2.1 enclosure 3.3.2.2 equipment safeguard 3.3.11.4 explosion 3.3.16.2 explosive 3.3.16.3 external circuit 3.3.1.1 fire enclosure 3.3.2.3 fixed equipment 3.3.3.2 fully insulated winding wire (FIW) 3.3.18.1 functional earthing 3.3.6.5 functional insulation 3.3.5.3 grade of FIW 3.3.18.2 hand-held equipment 3.3.3.3 hazardous substance 3.3.16.4 HB40 class material 3.3.4.2.3 HB75 class material 3.3.4.2.4 HBF class foamed material 3.3.4.2.5 HF-1 class foamed material 3.3.4.2.6 HF-2 class foamed material 3.3.4.2.7 highest specified charging temperature 3.3.17.4 installation safeguard 3.3.11.5 instructed person 3.3.8.1 instructional safeguard 3.3.11.6 insulating liquid 3.3.5.4 intermittent operation 3.3.7.2 lowest specified charging temperature 3.3.17.5 mains 3.3.1.2 mains transient voltage 3.3.14.2 material flammability class 3.3.4.2 maximum specified charging current 3.3.17.6 maximum specified charging voltage 3.3.17.7 mechanical enclosure 3.3.2.4 momentary exposure level (MEL) 3.3.19.2 movable equipment 3.3.3.4 non-clipped output power 3.3.7.3 non-detachable power supply cord 3.3.6.6 normal operating condition 3.3.7.4 ordinary person 3.3.8.2 outdoor enclosure 3.3.2.5 outdoor equipment 3.3.3.5 outdoor location 3.3.6.7 peak response frequency 3.3.7.5 permanently connected equipment 3.3.3.6 personal safeguard 3.3.11.7 pluggable, type A equipment 3.3.3.7 pluggable, type B equipment 3.3.3.8 pollution degree 3.3.6.8 potential ignition source (PIS) 3.3.9.1 precautionary safeguard 3.3.11.8 professional equipment 3.3.3.9 prospective touch voltage 3.3.14.3 protective bonding conductor 3.3.11.9 protective conductor current 3.3.14.4 protective conductor 3.3.11.10 protective current rating 3.3.10.6 protective earthing 3.3.11.11 protective earthing conductor 3.3.11.12 rated current 3.3.10.1 rated frequency 3.3.10.2 rated load impedance 3.3.7.6 rated power 3.3.10.3 rated voltage range 3.3.10.5 rated voltage 3.3.10.4 reasonably foreseeable misuse 3.3.7.7 reinforced insulation 3.3.5.5 reinforced safeguard 3.3.11.13 required withstand voltage 3.3.14.5 resistive PIS 3.3.9.3 restricted access area 3.3.6.9 RMS working voltage 3.3.14.6 routine test 3.3.6.10 safeguard 3.3.11.14 safety interlock 3.3.11.15 sampling test 3.3.6.11 secondary lithium battery 3.3.17.8 short-time operation 3.3.7.8 single fault condition 3.3.7.9 skill safeguard 3.3.11.16 skilled person 3.3.8.3 solid insulation 3.3.5.6 sound exposure (E) 3.3.19.3 sound exposure level (SEL) 3.3.19.4 stationary equipment 3.3.3.10 stored energy mode 3.3.6.12 supplementary insulation 3.3.5.7 supplementary safeguard 3.3.11.17 temperature limiter 3.3.13.1 temporary overvoltage e3.3.14.7 thermal cut-off 3.3.13.2 thermostat 3.3.13.3 tool 3.3.6.13 touch current 3.3.6.14 transportable equipment 3.3.3.11 type test 3.3.6.15 V-0 class material 3.3.4.2.8 V-1 class material 3.3.4.2.9 V-2 class material 3.3.4.2.10 VTM-0 class material 3.3.4.2.11 VTM-1 class material 3.3.4.2.12 VTM-2 class material 3.3.4.2.13 wireless power transmitter 3.3.3.12 work cell 3.3.6.16 working voltage 3.3.14.8 wrapping tissue 3.3.6.17 3.3.1 Circuit terms 3.3.1.1 external circuit electrical circuit that is external to the equipment and is not mains Note: An external circuit is classified as ES1, ES2 or ES3, and PS1, PS2, or PS3. 3.3.1.2 mains AC or DC power distribution system (external to the equipment) that supplies operating power to the equipment and is PS3 Note: Mains include public or private utilities and, unless otherwise specified in this document, equivalent sources such as motor-driven generators and uninterruptible power supplies. 3.3.2 Enclosure terms 3.3.2.1 electrical enclosure enclosure intended as a safeguard against electrically-caused injury [Source: GB/T 2900.73-2008, 195-06-13, modified] 3.3.2.2 enclosure housing affording the type and degree of protection suitable for the intended application [Source: GB/T 2900.73-2008, 195-02-35, modified] 3.3.2.3 fire enclosure enclosure intended as a safeguard against the spread of fire from within the enclosure to outside the enclosure 3.3.2.4 mechanical enclosure enclosure intended as a safeguard against mechanically-caused pain and injury 3.3.2.5 outdoor enclosure enclosure intended to provide protection from specific conditions in an outdoor location Note 1: An outdoor enclosure can also perform the functions of another enclosure, for example: a fire enclosure; an electrical enclosure; a mechanical enclosure. Note 2: A separate cabinet or housing into which the equipment is placed can provide the function of an outdoor enclosure. 3.3.3 Equipment terms 3.3.3.1 direct plug-in equipment equipment in which the mains plug forms an integral part of the equipment enclosure 3.3.3.2 fixed equipment equipment that is specified in the installation instructions to only be secured in place by a means defined by the manufacturer Note 1: Equipment that has a screw hole or other means to secure the equipment by an ordinary person, such as for securement to a table or for earthquake protection, is not considered to be fixed equipment. Note 2: Typically, fixed equipment will be wall, ceiling or floor mounted. 3.3.3.3 hand-held equipment movable equipment, or a part of any kind of equipment, that is intended to be held in the hand during normal use 3.3.3.4 movable equipment equipment that is either: ——18 kg or less in mass and is not fixed equipment; or ——provided with wheels, casters, or other means to facilitate movement by an ordinary person as required to perform its intended use 3.3.3.5 outdoor equipment equipment that is installed or exposed in an outdoor location, specified by the manufacturer to comply wholly or in part under specific conditions

Contents Foreword i Introduction viii 0.1 Objective viii 0.2 Persons viii 0.2.1 General viii 0.2.2 Ordinary person viii 0.2.3 Instructed person ix 0.2.4 Skilled person ix 0.3 Model for pain and injury ix 0.4 Energy sources x 0.5 Safeguards xi 0.5.1 General xi 0.5.2 Equipment safeguard xii 0.5.3 Installation safeguard xiii 0.5.4 Personal safeguard xiii 0.5.5 Behavioural safeguards xiii 0.5.6 Safeguards during ordinary or instructed person service conditions xv 0.5.7 Equipment safeguards during skilled person service conditions xv 0.5.8 Examples of safeguard characteristics xv 0.6 Electrically-caused pain or injury (electric shock) xvi 0.6.1 Models for electrically-caused pain or injury xvi 0.6.2 Models for protection against electrically-caused pain or injury xvii 0.7 Electrically-caused fire xix 0.7.1 Models for electrically-caused fire xix 0.7.2 Models for protection against electrically-caused fire xix 0.8 Injury caused by hazardous substances xx 0.9 Mechanically-caused injury xxi 0.10 Thermally-caused injury (skin burn) xxii 0.10.1 Models for thermally-caused injury xxii 0.10.2 Models for protection against thermally-caused pain or injury xxiii 0.11 Radiation-caused injury xxiv 0.12 Information on related content xxv 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Abbreviated terms, terms and definitions 3.1 Energy source abbreviations 3.2 Other abbreviations 3.3 Terms and definitions 3.3.1 Circuit terms 3.3.2 Enclosure terms 3.3.3 Equipment terms 3.3.4 Flammability terms 3.3.5 Insulation 3.3.6 Miscellaneous 3.3.7 Operating and fault conditions 3.3.8 Persons 3.3.9 Potential ignition sources 3.3.10 Ratings 3.3.11 Safeguards 3.3.12 Spacings 3.3.13 Temperature controls 3.3.14 Voltages and currents 3.3.15 Classes of equipment with respect to protection from electric shock 3.3.16 Chemical terms 3.3.17 Batteries 3.3.18 FIW terms 3.3.19 Sound exposure 4 General requirements 4.1 General 4.1.1 Application of requirements and acceptance of materials, components and subassemblies 4.1.2 Use of components 4.1.3 Equipment design and construction 4.1.4 Equipment installation 4.1.5 Constructions and components not specifically covered 4.1.6 Orientation during transport and use 4.1.7 Choice of criteria 4.1.8 Liquids and liquid filled components (LFC) 4.1.9 Electrical measuring instruments 4.1.10 Temperature measurements 4.1.11 Steady state conditions 4.1.12 Hierarchy of safeguards 4.1.13 Examples mentioned in this document 4.1.14 Tests on parts or samples separate from the end-product 4.1.15 Markings and instructions 4.2 Energy source classifications 4.2.1 Class 1 energy source 4.2.2 Class 2 energy source 4.2.3 Class 3 energy source 4.2.4 Energy source classification by declaration 4.3 Protection against energy sources 4.3.1 General 4.3.2 Safeguards for protection of an ordinary person 4.3.3 Safeguards for protection of an instructed person 4.3.4 Safeguards for protection of a skilled person 4.3.5 Safeguards in a restricted access area 4.4 Safeguards 4.4.1 Equivalent materials or components 4.4.2 Composition of a safeguard 4.4.3 Safeguard robustness 4.4.4 Displacement of a safeguard by an insulating liquid 4.4.5 Safety interlock 4.5 Explosion 4.5.1 General 4.5.2 Requirements 4.6 Fixing of conductors 4.6.1 Requirements 4.6.2 Compliance criteria 4.7 Equipment for direct insertion into mains socket-outlets 4.7.1 General 4.7.2 Requirements 4.7.3 Compliance criteria 4.8 Equipment containing coin/button cell batteries 4.8.1 General 4.8.2 Instructional safeguard 4.8.3 Construction 4.8.4 Tests 4.8.5 Compliance criteria 4.9 Likelihood of fire or shock due to entry of conductive objects 4.10 Components requirements 4.10.1 Disconnect device 4.10.2 Switches and relays 4.11 Overcurrent protection device 5 Electrically-caused injury 5.1 General 5.2 Classification and limits of electrical energy sources 5.2.1 Electrical energy source classifications 5.2.2 Electrical energy source ES1 and ES2 limits 5.3 Protection against electrical energy sources 5.3.1 General 5.3.2 Accessibility to electrical energy sources and safeguards 5.4 Insulation materials and requirements 5.4.1 General 5.4.2 Clearances 5.4.3 Creepage distance 5.4.4 Solid insulation 5.4.5 Antenna terminal insulation 5.4.6 Insulation of internal wire as a part of a supplementary safeguard 5.4.7 Tests for semiconductor components and for cemented joints 5.4.8 Humidity conditioning 5.4.9 Electric strength test 5.4.10 Safeguards against transient voltages from external circuits 5.4.11 Separation between external circuits and earth 5.4.12 Insulating liquid 5.5 Components as safeguards 5.5.1 General 5.5.2 Capacitors and RC units 5.5.3 Transformers 5.5.4 Optocouplers 5.5.5 Relays 5.5.6 Resistors 5.5.7 SPD 5.5.8 Insulation between the mains and an external circuit consisting of a coaxial cable 5.5.9 Safeguards for socket-outlets in outdoor equipment 5.6 Protective conductor 5.6.1 General 5.6.2 Requirements for protective conductors 5.6.3 Requirements for protective earthing conductors 5.6.4 Requirements for protective bonding conductors 5.6.5 Terminals for protective conductors 5.6.6 Resistance of the protective bonding system 5.6.7 Reliable connection of a protective earthing conductor 5.6.8 Functional earthing 5.7 Prospective touch voltage, touch current and protective conductor current 5.7.1 General 5.7.2 Measuring devices and networks 5.7.3 Equipment set-up, supply connections and earth connections 5.7.4 Unearthed accessible parts 5.7.5 Earthed accessible conductive parts 5.7.6 Requirements when touch current exceeds ES2 limits 5.7.7 Prospective touch voltage and touch current associated with external circuits 5.7.8 Summation of touch currents from external circuits 5.8 Backfeed safeguard in battery backed up supplies 6 Electrically-caused fire 6.1 General 6.2 Classification of power sources (PS) and potential ignition sources (PIS) 6.2.1 General 6.2.2 Power source circuit classifications 6.2.3 Classification of potential ignition sources 6.3 Safeguards against fire under normal operating conditions and abnormal operating conditions 6.3.1 Requirements 6.3.2 Compliance criteria 6.4 Safeguards against fire under single fault conditions 6.4.1 General 6.4.2 Reduction of the likelihood of ignition under single fault conditions in PS1 circuits 6.4.3 Reduction of the likelihood of ignition under single fault conditions in PS2 circuits and PS3 circuits 6.4.4 Control of fire spread in PS1 circuits 6.4.5 Control of fire spread in PS2 circuits 6.4.6 Control of fire spread in PS3 circuits 6.4.7 Separation of combustible materials from a PIS 6.4.8 Fire enclosures and fire barriers 6.4.9 Flammability of an insulating liquid 6.5 Internal and external wiring 6.5.1 General 6.5.2 Requirements for interconnection to building wiring 6.5.3 Internal wiring for socket-outlets 6.6 Safeguards against fire due to the connection of additional equipment 7 Injury caused by hazardous substances 7.1 General 7.2 Reduction of exposure to hazardous substances 7.3 Ozone exposure 7.4 Use of personal safeguards or personal protective equipment (PPE) 7.5 Use of instructional safeguards and instructions 7.6 Batteries and their protection circuits 8 Mechanically-caused injury 8.1 General 8.2 Mechanical energy source classifications 8.2.1 General classification 8.2.2 MS1 8.2.3 MS2 8.2.4 MS3 8.3 Safeguards against mechanical energy sources 8.4 Safeguards against parts with sharp edges and corners 8.4.1 Requirements 8.4.2 Compliance criteria 8.5 Safeguards against moving parts 8.5.1 Requirements 8.5.2 Instructional safeguard 8.5.3 Compliance criteria 8.5.4 Special categories of equipment containing moving parts 8.5.5 High pressure lamps 8.6 Stability of equipment 8.6.1 Requirements 8.6.2 Static stability 8.6.3 Relocation stability 8.6.4 Glass slide test 8.6.5 Horizontal force test and compliance criteria 8.7 Equipment mounted to a wall, ceiling or other structure 8.7.1 Requirements 8.7.2 Test method 8.7.3 Compliance criteria 8.8 Handle strength 8.8.1 General 8.8.2 Test method 8.9 Requirements for attachment (wheels or casters) 8.9.1 General 8.9.2 Test method 8.10 Carts, stands, and similar carriers 8.10.1 General 8.10.2 Marking and instructions 8.10.3 Cart, stand or carrier loading test and compliance criteria 8.10.4 Cart, stand or carrier impact test 8.10.5 Mechanical stability 8.10.6 temperature stability of thermoplastic material 8.11 Mounting means for slide rail mounted equipment 8.11.1 General 8.11.2 Requirements 8.11.3 Mechanical strength test 8.11.4 Compliance criteria 8.12 Telescoping or rod antennas 9 Thermal burn injury 9.1 General 9.2 Thermal energy source classifications 9.2.1 TS1 9.2.2 TS2 9.2.3 TS3 9.3 Touch temperature limits 9.3.1 General 9.3.2 Test method and compliance criteria 9.4 Safeguards against thermal energy sources 9.5 Requirements for safeguards 9.5.1 Equipment safeguard 9.5.2 Instructional safeguard 9.6 Requirements for wireless power transmitters 9.6.1 General 9.6.2 Specification of the foreign objects 9.6.3 Test method and compliance criteria 10 Radiation 10.1 General 10.2 Radiation energy source classifications 10.2.1 General classification 10.2.2 RS1 10.2.3 RS2 10.2.4 RS3 10.3 Safeguards against laser radiation 10.4 Safeguards against optical radiation from lamps and lamp systems (including LED types) 10.4.1 General 10.4.2 Requirements for enclosures 10.4.3 Instructional safeguard 10.4.4 Compliance criteria 10.5 Safeguards against X-radiation 10.5.1 Requirements 10.5.2 Compliance criteria 10.5.3 Test method 10.6 Safeguards against acoustic energy sources 10.6.1 General 10.6.2 Classification 10.6.3 Requirements for dose-based systems 10.6.4 Measurement methods 10.6.5 Protection of persons 10.6.6 Requirements for listening devices (headphones, earphones, etc.) Annex A (Informative) Examples of equipment within the scope of this document Annex B (Normative) Normal operating condition tests, abnormal operating condition tests and single fault condition tests B.1 General B.1.1 Test applicability B.1.2 Type of test B.1.3 Test samples B.1.4 Compliance by inspection of relevant data B.1.5 Temperature measurement conditions B.2 Normal operating conditions B.2.1 General B.2.2 Supply frequency B.2.3 Supply voltage B.2.4 Normal operating voltages B.2.5 Input test B.2.6 Operating temperature measurement conditions B.2.7 Battery charging and discharging under normal operating conditions B.3 Simulated abnormal operating conditions B.3.1 General B.3.2 Covering of ventilation openings B.3.3 DC mains polarity test B.3.4 Setting of voltage selector B.3.5 Maximum load at output terminals B.3.6 Reverse battery polarity B.3.7 Audio amplifier abnormal operating conditions B.3.8 Compliance criteria during and after abnormal operating conditions B.4 Simulated single fault conditions B.4.1 General B.4.2 Temperature controlling device B.4.3 Motor tests B.4.4 Functional insulation B.4.5 Short circuit and interruption of electrodes in tubes and semiconductors B.4.6 Short-circuit or disconnection of passive components B.4.7 Continuous operation of components B.4.8 Compliance criteria during and after single fault condition tests B.4.9 Battery charging and discharging under single fault conditions Annex C (Normative) UV radiation C.1 Protection of materials in equipment from UV radiation C.1.1 General C.1.2 Requirements C.1.3 Test method and compliance criteria C.2 UV conditioning test C.2.1 Test apparatus C.2.2 Mounting of test samples C.2.3 Carbon-arc light-exposure test C.2.4 Xenon-arc light-exposure test Annex D (Normative) Test generators D.1 Impulse test generators D.2 Antenna interface test generator D.3 Electronic pulse generator Annex E (Normative) Test conditions for equipment containing audio amplifiers E.1 Electrical energy source classification for audio signals E.2 Audio amplifier normal operating conditions E.3 Audio amplifier abnormal operating conditions Annex F (Normative) Equipment markings, instructions, and instruction safeguards F.1 General F.2 Letter symbols and graphical symbols F.2.1 Letter symbols F.2.2 Graphical symbols F.2.3 Compliance criteria F.3 Equipment markings F.3.1 Equipment marking locations F.3.2 Equipment identification markings F.3.3 Equipment rating markings F.3.4 Voltage setting device F.3.5 Markings on terminals and operating devices F.3.6 Equipment markings related to equipment classification F.3.7 Equipment IP rating marking F.3.8 External power supply output marking F.3.9 Durability, legibility and permanence of markings F.3.10 Test for the permanence of markings F.4 Instructions F.5 Instruction safeguards Annex G (Normative) Components G.1 Switches G.1.1 General G.1.2 Requirements G.1.3 Test method and compliance criteria G.2 Relays G.2.1 Requirements G.2.2 Overload test G.2.3 Relay controlling connectors supplying power to other equipment G.2.4 Test method and compliance criteria G.3 Protective devices G.3.1 Thermal cut-offs G.3.2 Thermal links G.3.3 PTC thermistors G.3.4 Overcurrent protective devices G.3.5 Safeguard components not mentioned in G.3.1 to G.3.4 G.4 Connectors G.4.1 Clearance and creepage distance requirements G.4.2 Mains connectors G.4.3 Connectors other than mains connectors G.5 Winding components G.5.1 Wire insulation in winding components G.5.2 Endurance test G.5.3 Transformers G.5.4 Motors G.6 Wire insulation G.6.1 General G.6.2 Enamelled winding wire insulation G.7 Mains supply cords G.7.1 General G.7.2 Cross-sectional area G.7.3 Cord anchorages and strain relief for non-detachable power supply cords G.7.4 Cord entry G.7.5 Non-detachable cord bend protection G.7.6 Supply wiring space G.8 Varistors G.8.1 General G.8.2 Safeguards against fire G.9 Integrated circuit (IC) current limiters G.9.1 Requirements G.9.2 Test program G.9.3 Compliance criteria G.10 Resistors G.10.1 General G.10.2 Conditioning G.10.3 Resistor test G.10.4 Voltage surge test G.10.5 Impulse test G.10.6 Overload test G.11 Capacitors and RC units G.11.1 General G.11.2 Conditioning of capacitors and RC units G.11.3 Rules for selecting capacitors G.12 Optocouplers G.13 Printed boards G.13.1 General G.13.2 Uncoated printed boards G.13.3 Coated printed boards G.13.4 Insulation between conductors on the same inner surface G.13.5 Insulation between conductors on different surfaces G.13.6 Tests on coated printed boards G.14 Coatings on component terminals G.14.1 Requirements G.14.2 Test method and compliance criteria G.15 Pressurized liquid filled components G.15.1 Requirements G.15.2 Test method and compliance criteria G.15.3 Compliance criteria G.16 IC that includes a capacitor discharge function (ICX) G.16.1 Requirements G.16.2 Tests G.16.3 Compliance criteria Annex H (Normative) Criteria for telephone ringing signals H.1 General H.2 Method A H.3 Method B H.3.1 Ringing signal H.3.2 Tripping device and monitoring voltage Annex I (Informative) Overvoltage categories (see GB/T 16895.10-2010) Annex J (Normative) Insulated winding wires for use without interleaved insulation J.1 General J.2 Type test J.2.1 General J.2.2 Electric strength J.2.3 Flexibility and adherence J.2.4 Heat shock J.2.5 Retention of electric strength after bending J.3 Tests during manufacturing J.3.1 General J.3.2 Spark test J.3.3 Sampling test K.1 General K.1.1 General requirements K.1.2 Test method and compliance criteria K.2 Components of the safety interlock safeguard mechanism K.3 Inadvertent change of operating mode K.4 Interlock safeguard override K.5 Fail-safe K.5.1 Requirement K.5.2 Test method and compliance criteria K.6 Mechanically operated safety interlocks K.6.1 Endurance requirement K.6.2 Test method and compliance criteria K.7 Interlock circuit isolation K.7.1 Separation distances for contact gaps and interlock circuit elements K.7.2 Overload test K.7.3 Endurance test K.7.4 Electric strength test Annex L (Normative) Disconnect devices L.1 General L.2 Permanently connected equipment L.3 Parts that remain energized L.4 Single-phase equipment L.5 Three-phase equipment L.6 Switches as disconnect devices L.7 Plugs as disconnect devices L.8 Multiple power sources L.9 Compliance criteria Annex M (Normative) Equipment containing batteries and their protection circuits M.1 General M.2 Safety of batteries and their cells M.2.1 Requirement M.2.2 Compliance criteria M.3 Protection circuits for batteries provided within the equipment M.3.1 Requirement M.3.2 Test method M.3.3 Compliance criteria M.4 Additional safeguards for equipment containing a portable secondary lithium battery M.4.1 General M.4.2 Charging safeguards M.4.3 Fire enclosure M.4.4 Drop test of equipment containing a secondary lithium battery M.5 Risk of burn due to short-circuit during carrying M.5.1 Requirement M.5.2 Test method and compliance criteria M.6 Safeguards against short-circuits M.6.1 General M.6.2 Compliance criteria M.7 Risk of explosion from lead-acid and NiCd batteries M.7.1 Ventilation preventing an explosive gas concentration M.7.2 Test method and compliance criteria M.7.3 Ventilation tests M.7.4 Marking requirement M.8 Protection against internal ignition from external spark sources of batteries with aqueous electrolyte M.8.1 General M.8.2 Test method M.9 Preventing electrolyte spillage M.9.1 Protection from electrolyte spillage M.9.2 Tray for preventing electrolyte spillage M.10 Instructions to prevent reasonably foreseeable misuse Annex N (Normative) Electrochemical potentials (V) Annex O (Normative) Measurement of creepage distances and clearances Annex P (Normative) Safeguards against conductive objects P.1 General P.2 Safeguards against entry or consequences of entry of a foreign object P.2.1 General P.2.2 Safeguards against entry of a foreign object P.3 Safeguards against spillage of internal liquids P.3.1 General P.3.2 Determination of spillage consequences P.3.3 Liquid safeguards P.3.4 Compliance criteria P.4 Metallized coatings and adhesives securing parts P.4.1 General P.4.2 Tests Annex Q (Normative) Circuits intended for interconnection with building wiring Q.1 Limited power source Q.1.1 General Q.1.2 Test method and compliance criteria Q.2 Test for external circuits – paired conductor cable Annex R (Normative) Limited short-circuit test R.1 General R.2 Test setup R.3 Test method R.4 Compliance criteria Annex S (Normative) Tests for resistance to heat and fire S.1 Flammability test for fire enclosure and fire barrier materials of equipment where the steady state power does not exceed 4 000 W S.2 Flammability test for fire enclosure and fire barrier integrity S.3 Flammability tests for the bottom of a fire enclosure S.3.1 Mounting of samples S.3.2 Test method and compliance criteria S.4 Flammability classification of materials S.5 Flammability test for fire enclosure materials of equipment with a steady state power exceeding 4 000 W Annex T (Normative) Mechanical strength tests T.1 General T.2 Steady force test, 10 N T.3 Steady force test, 30 N T.4 Steady force test, 100 N T.5 Steady force test, 250 N T.6 Enclosure impact test T.7 Drop test T.8 Stress relief test T.9 Glass impact test T.10 Glass fragmentation test T.11 Test for telescoping or rod antennas Annex U (Normative) Mechanical strength of CRTs and protection against the effects of implosion U.1 General U.2 Test method and compliance criteria for non-intrinsically protected CRTs U.3 Protective screen Annex V (Normative) Determination of accessible parts V.1 Accessible parts of equipment V.1.1 General V.1.2 Test method 1 – Surfaces and openings tested with jointed test probes V.1.3 Test method 2 – Openings tested with straight unjointed test probes V.2 Accessible part criterion Annex W (Informative) Comparison of terms introduced in this document W.1 General W.2 Comparison of terms Annex X (Normative) Alternative method for determining clearances for insulation in circuits connected to an AC mains not exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS) Annex Y (Normative) Construction requirements for outdoor enclosures Y.1 General Y.2 Resistance to UV radiation Y.3 Resistance to corrosion Y.3.1 General Y.3.2 Test apparatus Y.3.3 Water - saturated sulphur dioxide atmosphere Y.3.4 Test procedure Y.3.5 Acceptance criteria Y.4 Gaskets Y.4.1 General Y.4.2 Gasket tests Y.4.3 Tensile strength and elongation tests Y.4.4 Compression test Y.4.5 Oil resistance Y.4.6 Securing means Y.5 Protection of equipment within an outdoor enclosure Y.5.1 General Y.5.2 Protection from moisture Y.5.3 Water spray test Y.5.4 Protection from plants and vermin Y.5.5 Protection from excessive dust Y.6 Mechanical strength of enclosures Y.6.1 General Y.6.2 Impact test Annex Z (Normative) Description of newly added safety warning signs in this document Z.1 Safety warning signs concerning altitude Z.2 Safety warning signs concerning climatic conditions Annex AA (Informative) Comparison of safety-related instruction examples in Chinese, Tibetan, Mongolian, Zhuang and Uygur languages in this document Annex BB (Informative) Comparison of normative references and references in IEC 62368-1:2018 and those in this document Bibliography Figure 1 Three block model for pain and injury ix Figure 2 Three block model for safety xi Figure 3 Schematic and model for electrically-caused pain or injury xvii Figure 4 Model for protection against electrically-caused pain or injury xviii Figure 5 Model for electrically-caused fire xix Figure 6 Models for protection against fire xx Figure 7 Schematic and model for thermally-caused injury xxiii Figure 8 Model for protection against thermally-caused injury xxiii Figure 9 Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 1 energy source Figure 10 Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 2 energy source Figure 11 Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 2 energy source during ordinary person servicing conditions Figure 12 Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 3 energy source Figure 13 Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 1 energy source Figure 14 Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 2 energy source Figure 15 Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 3 energy source Figure 16 Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 1 energy source Figure 17 Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 2 energy source Figure 18 Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 3 energy source Figure 19 Model for protection of a skilled person against class 3 energy sources during equipment servicing conditions Figure 20 Test hook Figure 21 Illustration showing ES limits for voltage and current Figure 22 Maximum values for combined AC current and DC current Figure 23 Maximum values for combined AC voltage and DC voltage Figure 24 Contact requirements to bare internal conductive parts Figure 25 Mandrel Figure 26 Initial position of mandrel Figure 27 Final position of mandrel Figure 28 Position of metal foil on insulating material Figure 29 Example of electric strength test instrument for solid insulation Figure 30 Application points of test voltage Figure 31 Test for separation between an external circuit and earth Figure 32 Test circuit for touch current of single-phase equipment Figure 33 Test circuit for touch current of three-phase equipment Figure 34 Power measurement for worst-case fault Figure 35 Power measurement for worst-case power source fault Figure 36 Illustration of power source classification Figure 37 Minimum separation requirements from a PIS Figure 38 Extended separation requirements from a PIS Figure 39 Deflected separation requirements from a PIS when a fire barrier is used Figure 40 Determination of top, bottom and side openings Figure 41 Top openings Figure 42 Bottom openings Figure 43 Baffle plate construction Figure 44 PIS trajectory downwards Figure 45 Limits for moving fan blades made of non-plastic materials Figure 46 Limits for moving fan blades made of plastic materials Figure 47 Steel disc Figure 48 Aluminium ring Figure 49 Aluminium foil Figure 50 Example of a warning label for a lamp with multiple hazard spectral regions Figure D.1 1.2/50 µs and 10/700 µs voltage impulse generator Figure D.2 Antenna interface test generator circuit Figure D.3 Example of an electronic pulse generator Figure E.1 Band-pass filter for wide-band noise measurement Figure F.1 Examples of instruction safeguard Figure G.1 Determination of arithmetic average temperature Figure G.2 Test voltages Figure G.3 Thermal ageing time Figure G.4 Abrasion resistance test for coating layers Figure H.1 Definition of ringing period and cadence cycle Figure H.2 ITS1 limit curve for cadenced ringing signal Figure H.3 Peak and peak-to-peak currents Figure H.4 Ringing voltage trip criteria Figure M.1 Distance d as a function of the rated capacity for various charge currents I (mA/A·h) Figure O.1 Narrow groove Figure O.2 Wide groove Figure O.3 V-shaped groove Figure O.4 Intervening unconnected conductive part Figure O.5 Rib Figure O.6 Uncemented joint with narrow groove Figure O.7 Uncemented joint with wide groove Figure O.8 Uncemented joint with narrow and wide grooves Figure O.9 Narrow recess Figure O.10 Wide recess Figure O.11 Coating around terminals Figure O.12 Coating over printed wiring Figure O.13 Example of measurements in an enclosure of insulating material Figure O.14 Cemented joints in multi-layer printed boards Figure O.15 Assembly filled with insulating compound Figure O.16 Partitioned bobbin Figure P.1 Example of cross-sections of designs of top openings which prevent vertical entry Figure P.2 Example of cross-sections of designs of side opening louvres which prevent vertical entry Figure P.3 Internal volume locus for foreign object entry Figure S.1 Top openings/fire enclosure or fire barrier Figure T.1 Impact test using sphere Figure V.1 Jointed test probe for equipment likely to be accessible to children Figure V.2 Jointed test probe for equipment not likely to be accessible to children Figure V.3 Blunt probe Figure V.4 Wedge probe Figure V.5 Terminal probe Figure Y.1 Gasket test Table Y.1 Examples of the provision of pollution degree environments Figure Y.2 Water-spray test spray-head piping Figure Y.3 Water-spray test spray head Figure Z.1 Safety warning signs concerning altitude Figure Z.2 Safety warning signs concerning climatic conditions Table 1 Response to energy class ix Table 2 Examples of body response or property damage related to energy sources xi Table 3 Examples of safeguard characteristics xv Table 4 Electrical energy source limits for steady state ES1 and ES2 Table 5 Electrical energy source limits for a charged capacitor Table 6 Voltage limits for single pulses Table 7 Current limits for single pulses Table 8 Minimum air gap distance Table 9 Temperature limits for materials, components and systems Table 10 Minimum clearances for voltages with frequencies up to 30 kHz Table 11 Minimum clearances for voltages with frequencies above 30 kHz Table 12 Mains transient voltages Table 13 External circuit transient voltages Table 14 Minimum clearances using required withstand voltage Table 15 Electric strength test voltages Table 16 Multiplication factors for clearances and test voltages Table 17 Minimum creepage distance for basic insulation and supplementary insulation Table 18 Minimum values of creepage distances (in mm) for frequencies higher than 30 kHz and up to 400 kHz Table 19 Tests for insulation in non-separable layers Table 20 Electric field strength EP for some commonly used materials Table 21 Reduction factors for the value of breakdown electric field strength EP at higher frequencies Table 22 Reduction factors for the value of breakdown electric field strength EP at higher frequencies for thin materials Table 23 Values for insulation resistance Table 24 Distance through insulation of internal wiring Table 25 Test voltages for electric strength tests based on transient voltages Table 26 Test voltages for electric strength tests based on the peak of the working voltages and recurring peak voltages Table 27 Test voltages for electric strength tests based on temporary overvoltages Table 28 Test values for electric strength tests Table 29 Overview of tests for resistor applications Table 30 Protective earthing conductor sizes for reinforced safeguards for permanently connected equipment Table 31 Minimum protective bonding conductor size of copper conductors Table 32 Sizes of terminals for protective conductors Table 33 Test duration of the mains connected equipment Table 34 List of applicable standards regarding insulating liquids Table 35 Classification for various categories of mechanical energy sources Table 36 Overview of requirements and tests Table 37 Torque to be applied to screws Table 38 Touch temperature limits for accessible parts Table 39 Radiation energy source classifications Table 40 Allowable radiation level according to IEC 62471 (All parts) for each hazard type Table 41 Hazard-related risk group marking of equipment Table 42 Explanation of marking information and guidance on control measures Table A.1 Examples of equipment within the scope of this document Table C.1 Minimum property retention limits after UV exposure Table D.1 Component values for Figure D.1 and Figure D.2 Table E.1 Audio signal electrical energy source classes and safeguards Table F.1 Description and examples of instruction safeguard elements Table F.2 Examples of markings, instructions and instruction safeguards Table G.1 Peak surge current Table G.2 Test temperature and testing time (days) per cycle Table G.3 Temperature limits for transformer windings and for motor windings Table G.4 Test voltages for electric strength tests based on the peak of the working voltages Table G.5 Values of FIW wires with minimum overall diameter and minimum test voltages according to the enamel increase Table G.6 Temperature limits for running overload tests Table G.7 Sizes of conductors Table G.8 Strain relief test force Table G.9 Range of conductor sizes to be accepted by terminals Table G.10 Varistor overload and temporary overvoltage test Table G.11 Performance test program for integrated circuit (IC) current limiters Table G.12 Capacitor ratings according to GB/T 6346.14 Table G.13 Minimum separation distances for coated printed boards Table G.14 Insulation in printed boards Annex I (Informative) Overvoltage categories (see GB/T 16895.10-2010) Table I.1 Overvoltage categories Table J.1 Mandrel diameter Table J.2 Oven temperature Table M.1 Values for current Ifloat and Iboost, factors fg and fs, and voltages Ufloat and Uboost Table N.1 Electrochemical potentials (V) Table O.1 Value of X Table P.1 Summary of conditioning data Table Q.1 Limits for inherently limited power sources Table Q.2 Limits for power sources not inherently limited (overcurrent protective device required) Table S.1 Foamed materials Table S.2 Rigid materials Table S.3 Very thin materials Table T.1 Impact force Table T.2 Torque values for end-piece test Table W.1 Comparison of terms and definitions in GB/T 16935.1-2008 and GB 4943.1-2022 Table W.2 Comparison of terms and definitions in GB/T 17045-2020 and GB 4943.1-2022 Table W.3 Comparison of terms and definitions in GB 4943.1-2011 and GB 4943.1-2022 Table W.4 Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 60728-11:2016 and GB 4943.1-2022 Table W.5 Comparison of terms and definitions in GB 38189-2019 and GB 4943.1-2022 Table W.6 Comparison of terms and definitions in GB 8898-2011 and GB 4943.1-2022 Table X.1 Alternative minimum clearances for insulation in circuits connected to AC mains not exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS) Table X.2 Additional clearances for insulation in circuits connected to AC mains not exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS) Table Y.1 Examples of the provision of pollution degree environments Table AA.1 Comparison of safety-related instruction examples in Chinese, Tibetan, Mongolian, Zhuang and Uygur languages in this document Table BB.1 Comparison of normative references in IEC 62368-1:2018 and those in this document Table BB.2 Comparison of references in IEC 62368-1:2018 and those in this document