Essential requirements for the safety of hydrogen systems
1 Scope
This document specifies the categories of hydrogen systems, the basic properties of hydrogen, as well as the risk factors and the basic risk control requirements of hydrogen systems.
This document is applicable to the design and use of hydrogen production, storage, transportation and application systems.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 150
(All parts) Pressure vessels
GB 2894 Safety signs and guideline for the use
GB 4962 Technical safety regulation for gaseous hydrogen use
GB/T 5099
(All parts) Seamless steel gas cylinders
GB 5908 Flame arrester for petroleum tanks
GB 12014 Protective clothing - Static protective clothing
GB 12358 Gas monitors and alarms for workplace - General technical requirements
GB/T 13347 Flame arresters for petroleum gas pipeline systems
GB 16808 Combustible gas alarm control units
GB/T 19773 Specification of hydrogen purification system on pressure swing adsorption
GB/T 19774 Specification of water electrolyte system for producing hydrogen
GB 21148 Foot protection - Safety footwear
GB/T 24499 Technology glossary for gaseous hydrogen, hydrogen energy and hydrogen energy system
GB/T 33292 Metal hydride hydrogen storage system for fuel cells backup power
GB/T 33145 Large capacity seamless steel gas cylinders
GB/T 34542.2 Storage and transportation systems for gaseous hydrogen - Part 2: Test methods for evaluating metallic material compatibility in hydrogen atmosphere
GB/T 34542.3 Storage and transportation systems for gaseous hydrogen - Part 3: Test method for determination of the susceptibility of metallic materials to hydrogen gas embrittlement (HGE)
GB/T 34544 Safety test methods for onboard low pressure hydrogen storage devices for small fuel cell vehicles
GB/T 35544 Fully-wrapped carbon fiber reinforced cylinders with an aluminum liner for the on-board storage of compressed hydrogen as a fuel for land vehicles
GB 50058 Code for design of electrical installations in explosive atmospheres
GB 50156 Technical standard of fuelling station
GB 50177 Design code for hydrogen station
GB 50217 Standard for design of cables of electric power engineering
GB 50275 Code for construction and acceptance of fan, compressor and pump installation
GB 50516 Technical code for hydrogen fuelling station
JB 4732 Steel pressure vessels - Design by analysis
NB/T 10354 Tube trailer
NB/T 10558 Coating and packing for pressure vessels transport
SH/T 3413 Specification for section, inspection and acceptance of pipeline fame arresters for petroleum gas in petrochemical industry
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 24499, GB 50156, GB 50516 and the following apply.
3.1
hydrogen system
hydrogen production, storage, transportation or application system
3.2
hydrogen storage in solid state
hydrogen storage mode in which hydrogen combines with a solid substance through chemical reaction or physical absorption
3.3
hydrogen partial pressure
pressure intensity of hydrogen as if it alone occupied the entire volume of the mixture at the same temperature
3.4
stationary hydrogen storage container
fixedly installed pressure vessel for hydrogen storage and equipped with necessary safety device, pressure and temperature measuring and displaying instrument
3.5
liquid hydrogen booster pump
single-stage or multi-stage booster pump for boosting liquid hydrogen
3.6
slush hydrogen
mixture of liquid and solid hydrogen obtained after liquid hydrogen is further cooled, at a temperature between the triple point (13.8 K) and the melting point (14 K)
3.7
orthohydrogen
isomer of hydrogen molecule in which the rotation of the nuclear spin is in the same direction (parallel)
[Source: GB/T 24499-2009, 2.12]
See Figure 1.
Figure 1 Orthohydrogen
3.8
parahydrogen
isomer of hydrogen molecule in which the rotation of the nuclear spin is in the opposite direction (antiparallel)
[Source: GB/T 24499-2009, 2.13]
See Figure 2.
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Categories of hydrogen systems
4.1 Hydrogen production systems
4.2 Hydrogen storage systems
4.3 Hydrogen transportation systems
4.4 Hydrogen application systems
5 Basic properties of hydrogen
5.1 Thermophysical properties
5.2 Combustion properties
6 Hazards involved in hydrogen systems
6.1 Leakage and seepage
6.2 Factors involved in combustion hazards
6.3 Factors involved in pressure hazards
6.4 Factors involved in temperature hazards
6.5 Hydrogen corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement
6.6 Health hazards
7 Risk control
7.1 General principles
7.2 Design risk control
7.3 Requirements for hydrogen facilities
7.4 Detection requirements
7.5 Control of fire and explosion hazards and risks
7.6 Operation requirements
7.7 Emergencies
Annex A (Informative) Typical hydrogen production systems
A.1 Hydrogen production system by water electrolysis
A.2 Hydrogen production system by natural gas steam reforming
A.3 Hydrogen production systems by methanol reforming
A.4 Hydrogen production system by coal gasification
A.5 Hydrogen production systems by wind energy and solar energy water electrolysis
Annex B (Informative) Hydrogen properties
B.1 Physical and thermophysical properties of normal and parahydrogen
B.2 Comparison of thermophysical properties of hydrogen with other common gases
B.3 Comparison of thermophysical properties of liquid hydrogen with other liquefied gases
Annex C (Informative) Combustion properties of hydrogen
C.1 Combustion properties of hydrogen
C.2 Comparison of combustion properties of hydrogen with other common fuels
Annex D (Informative) Metallic and nonmetallic materials commonly used in hydrogen environments
D.1 Metallic materials
D.2 Nonmetallic materials
Bibliography
Essential requirements for the safety of hydrogen systems
1 Scope
This document specifies the categories of hydrogen systems, the basic properties of hydrogen, as well as the risk factors and the basic risk control requirements of hydrogen systems.
This document is applicable to the design and use of hydrogen production, storage, transportation and application systems.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 150
(All parts) Pressure vessels
GB 2894 Safety signs and guideline for the use
GB 4962 Technical safety regulation for gaseous hydrogen use
GB/T 5099
(All parts) Seamless steel gas cylinders
GB 5908 Flame arrester for petroleum tanks
GB 12014 Protective clothing - Static protective clothing
GB 12358 Gas monitors and alarms for workplace - General technical requirements
GB/T 13347 Flame arresters for petroleum gas pipeline systems
GB 16808 Combustible gas alarm control units
GB/T 19773 Specification of hydrogen purification system on pressure swing adsorption
GB/T 19774 Specification of water electrolyte system for producing hydrogen
GB 21148 Foot protection - Safety footwear
GB/T 24499 Technology glossary for gaseous hydrogen, hydrogen energy and hydrogen energy system
GB/T 33292 Metal hydride hydrogen storage system for fuel cells backup power
GB/T 33145 Large capacity seamless steel gas cylinders
GB/T 34542.2 Storage and transportation systems for gaseous hydrogen - Part 2: Test methods for evaluating metallic material compatibility in hydrogen atmosphere
GB/T 34542.3 Storage and transportation systems for gaseous hydrogen - Part 3: Test method for determination of the susceptibility of metallic materials to hydrogen gas embrittlement (HGE)
GB/T 34544 Safety test methods for onboard low pressure hydrogen storage devices for small fuel cell vehicles
GB/T 35544 Fully-wrapped carbon fiber reinforced cylinders with an aluminum liner for the on-board storage of compressed hydrogen as a fuel for land vehicles
GB 50058 Code for design of electrical installations in explosive atmospheres
GB 50156 Technical standard of fuelling station
GB 50177 Design code for hydrogen station
GB 50217 Standard for design of cables of electric power engineering
GB 50275 Code for construction and acceptance of fan, compressor and pump installation
GB 50516 Technical code for hydrogen fuelling station
JB 4732 Steel pressure vessels - Design by analysis
NB/T 10354 Tube trailer
NB/T 10558 Coating and packing for pressure vessels transport
SH/T 3413 Specification for section, inspection and acceptance of pipeline fame arresters for petroleum gas in petrochemical industry
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 24499, GB 50156, GB 50516 and the following apply.
3.1
hydrogen system
hydrogen production, storage, transportation or application system
3.2
hydrogen storage in solid state
hydrogen storage mode in which hydrogen combines with a solid substance through chemical reaction or physical absorption
3.3
hydrogen partial pressure
pressure intensity of hydrogen as if it alone occupied the entire volume of the mixture at the same temperature
3.4
stationary hydrogen storage container
fixedly installed pressure vessel for hydrogen storage and equipped with necessary safety device, pressure and temperature measuring and displaying instrument
3.5
liquid hydrogen booster pump
single-stage or multi-stage booster pump for boosting liquid hydrogen
3.6
slush hydrogen
mixture of liquid and solid hydrogen obtained after liquid hydrogen is further cooled, at a temperature between the triple point (13.8 K) and the melting point (14 K)
3.7
orthohydrogen
isomer of hydrogen molecule in which the rotation of the nuclear spin is in the same direction (parallel)
[Source: GB/T 24499-2009, 2.12]
See Figure 1.
Figure 1 Orthohydrogen
3.8
parahydrogen
isomer of hydrogen molecule in which the rotation of the nuclear spin is in the opposite direction (antiparallel)
[Source: GB/T 24499-2009, 2.13]
See Figure 2.
Contents of GB/T 29729-2022
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Categories of hydrogen systems
4.1 Hydrogen production systems
4.2 Hydrogen storage systems
4.3 Hydrogen transportation systems
4.4 Hydrogen application systems
5 Basic properties of hydrogen
5.1 Thermophysical properties
5.2 Combustion properties
6 Hazards involved in hydrogen systems
6.1 Leakage and seepage
6.2 Factors involved in combustion hazards
6.3 Factors involved in pressure hazards
6.4 Factors involved in temperature hazards
6.5 Hydrogen corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement
6.6 Health hazards
7 Risk control
7.1 General principles
7.2 Design risk control
7.3 Requirements for hydrogen facilities
7.4 Detection requirements
7.5 Control of fire and explosion hazards and risks
7.6 Operation requirements
7.7 Emergencies
Annex A (Informative) Typical hydrogen production systems
A.1 Hydrogen production system by water electrolysis
A.2 Hydrogen production system by natural gas steam reforming
A.3 Hydrogen production systems by methanol reforming
A.4 Hydrogen production system by coal gasification
A.5 Hydrogen production systems by wind energy and solar energy water electrolysis
Annex B (Informative) Hydrogen properties
B.1 Physical and thermophysical properties of normal and parahydrogen
B.2 Comparison of thermophysical properties of hydrogen with other common gases
B.3 Comparison of thermophysical properties of liquid hydrogen with other liquefied gases
Annex C (Informative) Combustion properties of hydrogen
C.1 Combustion properties of hydrogen
C.2 Comparison of combustion properties of hydrogen with other common fuels
Annex D (Informative) Metallic and nonmetallic materials commonly used in hydrogen environments
D.1 Metallic materials
D.2 Nonmetallic materials
Bibliography
