This standard specifies basic safety requirements for large-scale amusement device (hereinafter referred to as amusement device), including general provisions, materials and fasteners, design, manufacture and installation as well as use management and maintenance.
It is applicable to large-scale amusement device.
It is not applicable to competitive sports facilities and fitness facilities.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 699 Quality Carbon Structural Steels
GB/T 709-2006 Dimension, Shape, Weight and Tolerances for Hot-rolled Steel Plates and Sheets
GB/T 715 Hot-rolled Round Carbon Steel Bars for Standard Parts
GB/T 983 Stainless Steel Covered Electrodes
GB/T 985.1 Recommended Joint Preparation for Gas Welding, Manual Metal Arc Welding, Gas-shield Arc Welding and Beam Welding
GB/T 985.2 Recommended Joint Preparation for Submerged Arc Welding
GB/T 1173 Casting Aluminium Alloys
GB/T 1176 Casting Copper and Copper Alloys
GB/T 1231 Specifications of High Strength Bolts with Large Hexagon Head, Large Hexagon Nuts, Plain Washers for Steel Structures
GB/T 1243 Short-pitch Transmission Precision Roller and Bush Chains, Attachments and Associated Chain Sprockets
GB/T 1527 Drawn Tube of Copper and Copper Alloys
GB/T 2040 Copper and Copper Alloy Sheet
GB/T 2059 Copper and Copper Alloy Strip
GB 2894 Safety Signs and Guideline for the Use
GB/T 3077 Alloy Structure Steels
GB 3096 Environmental Quality Standards for Noise
GB/T 3098
(All Parts) Mechanical Properties of Fasteners
GB/T 3190 Wrought Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy - Chemical Composition
GB/T 3191 Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys Extruded Bars, Rods
GB/T 3621 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Plate and Sheet
GB/T 3624 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Seamless Tubes
GB/T 3766 Hydraulic Fluid Power - General Rules and Safety Requirements for Systems and Their Components
GB/T 3811-2008 Design Rules for Cranes
GB/T 3880
(All Parts) Wrought Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy Plates, Sheets and Strips for General Engineering
GB/T 4423 Copper and Copper-alloy Cold-drawn Rod and Bar
GB 4706.1-2005 Household and Similar Electrical Appliances - Safety - Part 1: General Requirements
GB/T 4842 Argon
GB/T 5117 Covered Electrodes for Manual Metal Arc Welding of Non-alloy and Fine Grain Steels
GB/T 5118 Covered Electrodes for Manual Metal Arc Welding of Creep-resisting Steels
GB 5226.1-2008 Electrical Safety of Machinery - Electrical Equipment of Machines - Part 1: General Requirements
GB/T 5293 Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
GB/T 5313 Steel Plate with Through-thickness Characteristics
GB 5725 Safety Nets
GB/Z 6829 General Requirements for Residual Current Operated Protective Devices
GB/T 6892 Wrought Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys Extruded Profiles for General Engineering
GB/T 6893 Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy Cold Drawn （Rolled）Seamless Tubes
GB/T 7134 Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Cast Sheets
GB/T 8110 Welding Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielding Arc Welding of Carbon and Low Alloy Steel
GB/T 8918 Steel Wire Ropes for Important Purposes
GB/T 9438 Aluminium Alloy Castings
GB/T 10045 Carbon Steel Flux Cored Electrodes for Arc Welding
GB/T 12470 Low-alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
GB/T 13384 General Specifications for Packing of Mechanical and Electrical Product
GB 13495.1-2015 Fire Safety Signs - Part 1: Signs
GB/T 13808 Extruded Rod and Bar of Copper and Copper Alloys
GB/T 13955 Installation and Operation of Residual Current Operated Protective Devices
GB/T 19418 Arc-welded Joints in Steel - Guidance on Quality Levels for Imperfections
GB/T 20306 Amusement Devices Terminology
GB/T 34370.1 Nondestructive Testing of Amusement Equipment - Part 1: General Requirement
GB/T 34370.2 Nondestructive Testing of Amusement Equipment - Part 2: Visual Examination
GB/T 34370.3 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 3: Magnetic Particle Testing
GB/T 34370.4 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 4: Penetrant Testing
GB/T 34370.5 Nondestructive Testing of Amusement Equipment - Part 5: Ultrasonic Testing
GB/T 34370.6 Nondestructive Testing of Amusement Equipment - Part 6: Radiographic Testing
GB 50005 Code for Design of Timber Structures
GB 50007 Code for Design of Building Foundation
GB 50009 Load Code for the Design of Building Structures
GB 50010 Code for Design of Concrete Structures
GB 50011 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings
GB 50017 Code for Design of Steel Structures
GB 50057 Design Code for Protection of Structures against Lightning
GB/T 50065 Code for Design of AC Electrical Installations Earthing
GB 50135 Code for Design of High-rising Structures
GB 50169 Code for Construction and Acceptance of Grounding Connection Electric Equipment Installation Engineering
GB 50202 Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Building Foundation
GB 50204. Code for Acceptance of Constructional Quality of Concrete Structures
GB 50206 Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Timber Structures
GB 50231-2009 General Code for Construction and Acceptance of Mechanical Equipment Installation Engineering
GB 50545 Code for Design of 110kV~750kV Overhead Transmission Line
GB 50661-2011 Code for Welding of Steel Structures
JB/T 3223 Welding Material Quality Management Specifications
JB/T 5000.12 Heavy Mechanical General Techniques and Standards - Part 12: Paint
NB/T 47014 Welding Procedure Qualification for Pressure Equipment
NB/T 47015-2011 Welding Specification for Pressure Vessels
TSG Z6002 Examination Rules for Welding Operators of Special Equipment
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 20306 apply.
4 General Provisions
4.1 Basic Requirements
4.1.1 The design, manufacture, installation and usage of amusement devices shall ensure the personnel safety.
4.1.2 All those requirements not mentioned in this standard shall be in accordance with the national relevant laws and regulations as well as safety technical regulations and standards.
4.1.3 Product nameplate of amusement device shall be arranged at prominent position, and the content shall at least include manufacturer name and manufacturing site, manufacturing license No., equipment model, product No., manufacturing date and main technical parameters.
4.1.4 Entities engaged in manufacturing, installation, modification and repairing of amusement device shall obtain legal permission before carrying out corresponding activities and be held responsible for their manufacturing, installation, modification and repair quality. Amusement device operator must be responsible for the use safety of amusement devices.
4.1.5 When new process, new method, new material or new amusement device which are not listed in or not in the specified scope of this standard are adopted, design or manufacturer shall prepare enterprise standard, which shall not be applied until passing the review by experts organized by National Technical Committee on Ropeway and Entertainment Facilities of Standardization Administration of China, to which relevant technical data is applied and submitted.
4.2 Risk Evaluation
4.2.1 Risk evaluation for amusement device is carried out to identify its hazardous source, reduce the risk and ensure the safe operation of amusement device. Risk evaluation shall be carried out at design stage and it is encouraged to do so continuously at application stage.
4.2.2 The risk evaluation includes determination of evaluation object and factor, information collection, hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control.
4.2.3 For evaluation object and factor, things such as feature, performance, intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of amusement device shall be made definite with consideration of device factor, person factor, environmental factor and the like in full life cycle of amusement device at all stages.
4.2.4 The hazard identification of amusement device shall be combined with the specific structure and characteristics of the device, as well as typical hazardous source, damage, fault and failure mode, so as to identify possible relevant hazards at stages such as manufacture, installation, maintenance and repair.
4.2.5 Based on the damage severity and occurrence probability of each hazard, risk assessment, risk evaluation and rating are carried out.
4.2.6 If it is necessary to reduce the risk according to risk evaluation, risk control measures shall be taken and reevaluation shall be carried out to make the risk in controllable state.
5 Materials and Fasteners
5.1 Commonly-used Steels
5.1.1 The steel adopted for amusement device shall meet the requirements of corresponding current standard of the nation and its chemical composition, mechanical property, heat treatment property, welding property and the like shall meet the requirements under operating conditions. Standards of commonly-used steels are detailed in Annex A.
5.1.2 For the structural members of amusement device, rimmed steels shall not be used and Grade A steels should not be adopted.
5.1.3 The impact toughness of steel shall meet the following requirements:
a) welded structural steel directly bearing the impact load shall be provided with qualification certificate of normal-temperature impact toughness. Where the operating and service environment temperature is higher than -20℃ but not higher than 0℃, Q235 and Q345 steels shall be provided with qualification certificate of 0℃ impact toughness, Q390 and Q420 steels shall be provided with qualification certificate of -20℃ impact toughness; where the operating and service environment temperature is not higher than -20℃, Q235 and Q345 steels shall be provided with qualification certificate of -20℃ impact toughness, Q390 and Q420 steels shall be provided with qualification certificate of -40℃ impact toughness;
b) non-welded structure steel directly bearing the impact load shall also be provided with qualification certificate of normal-temperature impact toughness. Where the operating and service environment temperature is not higher than -20℃, Q235 and Q345 steels shall be provided with qualification certificate of 0℃ impact toughness, Q390 and Q420 steels shall be provided with qualification certificate of -20℃ impact toughness.
5.1.4 When steel plate with through-thickness characteristics (Z-direction steel) and with thickness not less than 40mm is adopted for the welded bearing structure to prevent the lamellar tearing, material certification complying with the requirements of GB/T 5313 shall be provided and the reduction of area along through-thickness direction is not less than Grade Z15 permissible limit or qualification report for Z-direction property testing shall be provided.
5.2 Commonly-used Non-ferrous Metal
5.2.1 Basic requirements
The material, chemical composition, mechanical property and dimensional tolerances of non-ferrous metal shall meet the requirements of national standards. The abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and lubricating property of non-ferrous metal shall meet the usage requirements under operating conditions.
5.2.2 Aluminium and aluminium alloy
5.2.2.1 Chemical compositions of aluminium and aluminium alloy shall meet the requirements of GB/T 3190 and the mechanical properties of processed product shall meet the requirements of GB/T 3191, GB/T 3880 (all parts), GB/T 6892 and GB/T 6893.
5.2.2.2 The chemical composition and mechanical property of casting aluminium alloy shall meet the requirements of GB/T 1173. The chemical composition and mechanical property of die casting aluminium alloy shall meet the requirements of GB/T 15115. Aluminium alloy castings shall meet the requirements of GB/T 9438.
5.2.3 Titanium and titanium alloy sheet
The mechanical property of titanium and titanium alloy sheet shall meet the requirements of GB/T 3621, and that of titanium and titanium alloy tubes shall meet the requirements of GB/T 3624.
5.2.4 Copper and copper alloy
5.2.4.1 The chemical composition and mechanical property of copper and copper alloy sheet shall meet the requirements of GB/T 2040 and GB/T 2059; those of tubes shall meet the requirements of GB/T 1527. The mechanical property of bars shall meet the requirements of GB/T 4423 and GB/T 13808.
5.2.4.2 The chemical composition and mechanical property of casting copper alloy shall meet the requirements of GB/T 1176.
5.3 Nonmetallic Material
5.3.1 Basic requirements
The selected nonmetallic material shall meet the requirements of relevant national standard and its mechanical property, aging resistance, environmental performance, inflammability and the like shall meet usage requirements under operating conditions.
5.3.2 Timber
Dry timber with less natural defect, good strength, and not liable to crack shall be selected as the wood material of major loaded member. Wood materials used in important parts shall be subjected to flame-retardant and anti-corrosion treatment, if necessary. The design of timber structure shall meet the requirements of GB 50005 and the construction quality shall meet the requirements of GB 50206.
5.3.3 Engineering plastics
5.3.3.1 Engineering plastics for structures shall meet the requirements of relevant national standards and their strength, impact resistance, heat resistance, hardness and aging resistance shall meet the requirements of practical operating conditions.
5.3.3.2 Where nylon materials are adopted for driving wheel and supporting wheel, their mechanical property shall meet the requirements of Table B.1 in Annex B.
5.3.4 Rubber
When rubber is adopted for driving wheel and supporting wheel, its property shall meet the requirements of relevant national standard. The mechanical property shall meet those specified in Table B.2; when rubber pneumatic wheel is adopted, after considering the influence of temperature, inflation pressure shall be within the specified pressure range of the product.
5.3.5 Polyurethane
When polyurethane is adopted, its property shall meet the requirements of relevant national standard, and the mechanical property shall meet those specified in Table B.3.
5.3.6 Glass
5.3.6.1 Unbreakable materials including poly (methyl methacrylate) and safety glass (inorganic glass) shall be adopted as the door/window glass.
5.3.6.2 Poly (methyl methacrylate) sheet shall meet the requirements of GB/T 7134 and its mechanical property shall meet those specified in Table B.4.
5.3.6.3 Safety glass shall meet the requirements of GB 15763 (all parts).
5.3.7 Glass reinforced plastic parts
5.3.7.1 Resin used for fabricating glass reinforced plastic parts shall be good in water resistance and ageing resistance. As for glass fiber, alkali-free glass fiber with favorable wettability on the surface shall be adopted.
5.3.7.2 The glass reinforced plastic parts shall meet the following requirements:
a) defects like poor dipping, poor solidification, bubbles, cut surface layering, non-uniform thickness are not allowed;
b) the surface shall be free from such defects as crack, damage, obvious mending trace, exposed cloth mark, wrinkle, unevenness and inconsistent color, and transition at corner shall be round, smooth and free from burrs;
c) the glass reinforced plastic parts shall be provided with sufficient strength when they are directly connected with the stressed parts, otherwise, metal parts complying with strength requirements shall be embedded;
d) the mechanical property of glass reinforced plastic parts shall meet those specified in Table B.5.
5.4 Fasteners
5.4.1 Fasteners shall meet the requirements of GB/T 3098 (all parts) and relevant national standard.
5.4.2 Pre-tightening force and tightening torque of Grade 6.8, Grade 8.8 and Grade 10.9 bolts shall be calculated according to the design requirements, the maximum value shall not exceed the requirements of Table C.1 in Annex C.
5.4.3 Hexagon head bolt with large head, large hexagon nut and washer for steel structure should be adopted for the bolted connection of critical steel structure and their technical specifications shall meet the requirements of GB/T 1231. High-strength bolt for steel structure that bears impact load should not bear shear force directly. Maximum permissible pre-tightening force of bolt shall not exceed those specified in Table C.2.
5.4.4 High-strength bolt for grid frame should be adopted for the bolted connection of grid structure and its material property shall meet the requirements of national standard.
5.4.5 Rivets shall be made of BL2 or BL3 steel specified in GB/T 715.
5.4.6 The pre-tightening force and tightening torque of high-strength bolt are calculated according to the following formula:
T=kFd/1 000
Where,
T——the tightening torque, N·m;
k——the tightening torque coefficient, which shall be in accordance with those specified in Table C.3;
F—— the pre-tightening force, N;
d——the nominal diameter of thread, mm.
6 Design
6.1 Basic Design Provisions
6.1.1 Basic requirements
6.1.1.1 The design of amusement device shall be provided with design instructions, calculation sheet, use and maintenance instructions, as well as the complete set of drawings, risk evaluation report and design verification outline as specified in national relevant standards, which shall be kept at least until the amusement device is discarded.
6.1.1.2 For the design of amusement devices and their auxiliary facilities, correct calculation and reasonable structure shall be provided to ensure the safety of passengers. Where accurate calculation is unavailable, the experiment may be carried out for confirmation and verification.
6.1.1.3 The operator or design client shall provide data on local meteorology, power supply, earthquake and geology in formal written forms to the designer and manufacturer.
6.1.1.4 For the selection of materials, such factors as structure importance, characteristics of load, structure form, stress state, manufacturing process, connection method and operating environment shall be taken into comprehensive consideration.
6.1.1.5 The mechanical properties, heat treatment properties and welding properties of the metallic materials used for critical machinery parts all shall meet the requirements of operating condition.
6.1.1.6 For amusement device, its designed service lives for complete device and key components shall be specified, and the designed calculating life of the complete device shall not be less than 35 000h, including the time for getting on or off.
6.1.1.7 Simplified Chinese shall be adopted for use and maintenance instructions, and simplified Chinese version shall prevail if there are multiple language versions, including the following contents at least.
a) device overview and structure introduction;
b) technical property and parameter as well as operating conditions;
c) operation specifications and precautions;
d) passenger notice;
e) preservation and maintenance instruction;
f) common failures and their removal methods;
g) the designed service life of complete device and main component;
h) requirements for management, operation maintenance and service personnel and the like;
i) list of vulnerable parts, discard requirements and recommended replacement cycles;
j) passenger evacuation measures and methods under abnormal condition;
k) safety requirements, such as limited number of passengers, height, age range, settled physiology and guardianship of adult for Children's riding;
l) inspection items and requirements for daily inspection, weekly inspection, monthly inspection (including quarterly inspection and half-a-year inspection) and annual inspection (including many-year inspection), corresponding inspection, detection (including nondestructive testing) and test method as well as proportion of inspection and detection and the like;
m) as for portable amusement devices, installation and debugging methods, site requirements and the like shall be provided;
n) general assembly drawing, electrical schematic diagram, hydropneumatic schematic diagram of amusement device, schematic diagram of mechanical components used for guiding inspection and detection during maintenance, schematic diagram of critical welds and pins required to subject to nondestructive testing;
o) manufacturer name, detailed postal address, service or supervision hotline, email and website, etc.
Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terms and Definitions 4 General Provisions 4.1 Basic Requirements 4.2 Risk Evaluation 5 Materials and Fasteners 5.1 Commonly-used Steels 5.2 Commonly-used Non-ferrous Metal 5.3 Nonmetallic Material 5.4 Fasteners 6 Design 6.1 Basic Design Provisions 6.2 Design Calculation 6.3 Speed and Acceleration 6.4 Welding Design 6.5 Structure Design 6.6 Driving System 6.7 Electrical and Control System 6.8 Carrying System 6.9 Safety Protective Devices and Measures 7 Manufacture and Installation 7.1 Basic Requirements 7.2 Welding 7.3 Heat Treatment 7.4 Assembly 7.5 In-plant Testing 7.6 Painting 7.7 Packaging and Transportation 7.8 Equipment Foundation and Ancillary Facilities 7.9 Field Installation 7.10 Site Debugging and Test Run 7.11 Nondestructive Testing 7.12 Inspection 8 Use Management and Maintenance 8.1 Safe Running Management System and Responsibility of Amusement Park 8.2 Requirements for Passengers 8.3 Operation Behavior 8.4 Emergency Rescue 8.5 Maintenance, Repair and Modification 8.6 Regular Inspection According to Law Annex A (Informative) Catalogue of National and Professional Standards for Commonly-used Steels Annex B (Normative) Requirements for Mechanical Property of Nonmetallic Material Annex C (Normative) Requirements for Property Grade of Commonly-used Bolt and Nut Annex D (Informative) Load Combination Example Annex E (Informative) Limit State Design Method Annex F (Informative) Type of Welded Joints
1 Scope
This standard specifies basic safety requirements for large-scale amusement device (hereinafter referred to as amusement device), including general provisions, materials and fasteners, design, manufacture and installation as well as use management and maintenance.
It is applicable to large-scale amusement device.
It is not applicable to competitive sports facilities and fitness facilities.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 699 Quality Carbon Structural Steels
GB/T 709-2006 Dimension, Shape, Weight and Tolerances for Hot-rolled Steel Plates and Sheets
GB/T 715 Hot-rolled Round Carbon Steel Bars for Standard Parts
GB/T 983 Stainless Steel Covered Electrodes
GB/T 985.1 Recommended Joint Preparation for Gas Welding, Manual Metal Arc Welding, Gas-shield Arc Welding and Beam Welding
GB/T 985.2 Recommended Joint Preparation for Submerged Arc Welding
GB/T 1173 Casting Aluminium Alloys
GB/T 1176 Casting Copper and Copper Alloys
GB/T 1231 Specifications of High Strength Bolts with Large Hexagon Head, Large Hexagon Nuts, Plain Washers for Steel Structures
GB/T 1243 Short-pitch Transmission Precision Roller and Bush Chains, Attachments and Associated Chain Sprockets
GB/T 1527 Drawn Tube of Copper and Copper Alloys
GB/T 2040 Copper and Copper Alloy Sheet
GB/T 2059 Copper and Copper Alloy Strip
GB 2894 Safety Signs and Guideline for the Use
GB/T 3077 Alloy Structure Steels
GB 3096 Environmental Quality Standards for Noise
GB/T 3098
(All Parts) Mechanical Properties of Fasteners
GB/T 3190 Wrought Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy - Chemical Composition
GB/T 3191 Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys Extruded Bars, Rods
GB/T 3621 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Plate and Sheet
GB/T 3624 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Seamless Tubes
GB/T 3766 Hydraulic Fluid Power - General Rules and Safety Requirements for Systems and Their Components
GB/T 3811-2008 Design Rules for Cranes
GB/T 3880
(All Parts) Wrought Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy Plates, Sheets and Strips for General Engineering
GB/T 4423 Copper and Copper-alloy Cold-drawn Rod and Bar
GB 4706.1-2005 Household and Similar Electrical Appliances - Safety - Part 1: General Requirements
GB/T 4842 Argon
GB/T 5117 Covered Electrodes for Manual Metal Arc Welding of Non-alloy and Fine Grain Steels
GB/T 5118 Covered Electrodes for Manual Metal Arc Welding of Creep-resisting Steels
GB 5226.1-2008 Electrical Safety of Machinery - Electrical Equipment of Machines - Part 1: General Requirements
GB/T 5293 Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
GB/T 5313 Steel Plate with Through-thickness Characteristics
GB 5725 Safety Nets
GB/Z 6829 General Requirements for Residual Current Operated Protective Devices
GB/T 6892 Wrought Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys Extruded Profiles for General Engineering
GB/T 6893 Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy Cold Drawn （Rolled）Seamless Tubes
GB/T 7134 Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Cast Sheets
GB/T 8110 Welding Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielding Arc Welding of Carbon and Low Alloy Steel
GB/T 8918 Steel Wire Ropes for Important Purposes
GB/T 9438 Aluminium Alloy Castings
GB/T 10045 Carbon Steel Flux Cored Electrodes for Arc Welding
GB/T 12470 Low-alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
GB/T 13384 General Specifications for Packing of Mechanical and Electrical Product
GB 13495.1-2015 Fire Safety Signs - Part 1: Signs
GB/T 13808 Extruded Rod and Bar of Copper and Copper Alloys
GB/T 13955 Installation and Operation of Residual Current Operated Protective Devices
GB/T 14957 Steel Wires for Melt Welding
GB/T 15115 Die Casting Aluminum Alloys
GB 15763
(All Parts) Safety Glazing Materials in Building
GB/T 17493 Low Alloy Steel Flux Cored Electrodes for Arc Welding
GB/T 19418 Arc-welded Joints in Steel - Guidance on Quality Levels for Imperfections
GB/T 20306 Amusement Devices Terminology
GB/T 34370.1 Nondestructive Testing of Amusement Equipment - Part 1: General Requirement
GB/T 34370.2 Nondestructive Testing of Amusement Equipment - Part 2: Visual Examination
GB/T 34370.3 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 3: Magnetic Particle Testing
GB/T 34370.4 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 4: Penetrant Testing
GB/T 34370.5 Nondestructive Testing of Amusement Equipment - Part 5: Ultrasonic Testing
GB/T 34370.6 Nondestructive Testing of Amusement Equipment - Part 6: Radiographic Testing
GB 50005 Code for Design of Timber Structures
GB 50007 Code for Design of Building Foundation
GB 50009 Load Code for the Design of Building Structures
GB 50010 Code for Design of Concrete Structures
GB 50011 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings
GB 50017 Code for Design of Steel Structures
GB 50057 Design Code for Protection of Structures against Lightning
GB/T 50065 Code for Design of AC Electrical Installations Earthing
GB 50135 Code for Design of High-rising Structures
GB 50169 Code for Construction and Acceptance of Grounding Connection Electric Equipment Installation Engineering
GB 50202 Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Building Foundation
GB 50204. Code for Acceptance of Constructional Quality of Concrete Structures
GB 50206 Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Timber Structures
GB 50231-2009 General Code for Construction and Acceptance of Mechanical Equipment Installation Engineering
GB 50545 Code for Design of 110kV~750kV Overhead Transmission Line
GB 50661-2011 Code for Welding of Steel Structures
JB/T 3223 Welding Material Quality Management Specifications
JB/T 5000.12 Heavy Mechanical General Techniques and Standards - Part 12: Paint
NB/T 47014 Welding Procedure Qualification for Pressure Equipment
NB/T 47015-2011 Welding Specification for Pressure Vessels
TSG Z6002 Examination Rules for Welding Operators of Special Equipment
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 20306 apply.
4 General Provisions
4.1 Basic Requirements
4.1.1 The design, manufacture, installation and usage of amusement devices shall ensure the personnel safety.
4.1.2 All those requirements not mentioned in this standard shall be in accordance with the national relevant laws and regulations as well as safety technical regulations and standards.
4.1.3 Product nameplate of amusement device shall be arranged at prominent position, and the content shall at least include manufacturer name and manufacturing site, manufacturing license No., equipment model, product No., manufacturing date and main technical parameters.
4.1.4 Entities engaged in manufacturing, installation, modification and repairing of amusement device shall obtain legal permission before carrying out corresponding activities and be held responsible for their manufacturing, installation, modification and repair quality. Amusement device operator must be responsible for the use safety of amusement devices.
4.1.5 When new process, new method, new material or new amusement device which are not listed in or not in the specified scope of this standard are adopted, design or manufacturer shall prepare enterprise standard, which shall not be applied until passing the review by experts organized by National Technical Committee on Ropeway and Entertainment Facilities of Standardization Administration of China, to which relevant technical data is applied and submitted.
4.2 Risk Evaluation
4.2.1 Risk evaluation for amusement device is carried out to identify its hazardous source, reduce the risk and ensure the safe operation of amusement device. Risk evaluation shall be carried out at design stage and it is encouraged to do so continuously at application stage.
4.2.2 The risk evaluation includes determination of evaluation object and factor, information collection, hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control.
4.2.3 For evaluation object and factor, things such as feature, performance, intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of amusement device shall be made definite with consideration of device factor, person factor, environmental factor and the like in full life cycle of amusement device at all stages.
4.2.4 The hazard identification of amusement device shall be combined with the specific structure and characteristics of the device, as well as typical hazardous source, damage, fault and failure mode, so as to identify possible relevant hazards at stages such as manufacture, installation, maintenance and repair.
4.2.5 Based on the damage severity and occurrence probability of each hazard, risk assessment, risk evaluation and rating are carried out.
4.2.6 If it is necessary to reduce the risk according to risk evaluation, risk control measures shall be taken and reevaluation shall be carried out to make the risk in controllable state.
5 Materials and Fasteners
5.1 Commonly-used Steels
5.1.1 The steel adopted for amusement device shall meet the requirements of corresponding current standard of the nation and its chemical composition, mechanical property, heat treatment property, welding property and the like shall meet the requirements under operating conditions. Standards of commonly-used steels are detailed in Annex A.
5.1.2 For the structural members of amusement device, rimmed steels shall not be used and Grade A steels should not be adopted.
5.1.3 The impact toughness of steel shall meet the following requirements:
a) welded structural steel directly bearing the impact load shall be provided with qualification certificate of normal-temperature impact toughness. Where the operating and service environment temperature is higher than -20℃ but not higher than 0℃, Q235 and Q345 steels shall be provided with qualification certificate of 0℃ impact toughness, Q390 and Q420 steels shall be provided with qualification certificate of -20℃ impact toughness; where the operating and service environment temperature is not higher than -20℃, Q235 and Q345 steels shall be provided with qualification certificate of -20℃ impact toughness, Q390 and Q420 steels shall be provided with qualification certificate of -40℃ impact toughness;
b) non-welded structure steel directly bearing the impact load shall also be provided with qualification certificate of normal-temperature impact toughness. Where the operating and service environment temperature is not higher than -20℃, Q235 and Q345 steels shall be provided with qualification certificate of 0℃ impact toughness, Q390 and Q420 steels shall be provided with qualification certificate of -20℃ impact toughness.
5.1.4 When steel plate with through-thickness characteristics (Z-direction steel) and with thickness not less than 40mm is adopted for the welded bearing structure to prevent the lamellar tearing, material certification complying with the requirements of GB/T 5313 shall be provided and the reduction of area along through-thickness direction is not less than Grade Z15 permissible limit or qualification report for Z-direction property testing shall be provided.
5.2 Commonly-used Non-ferrous Metal
5.2.1 Basic requirements
The material, chemical composition, mechanical property and dimensional tolerances of non-ferrous metal shall meet the requirements of national standards. The abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and lubricating property of non-ferrous metal shall meet the usage requirements under operating conditions.
5.2.2 Aluminium and aluminium alloy
5.2.2.1 Chemical compositions of aluminium and aluminium alloy shall meet the requirements of GB/T 3190 and the mechanical properties of processed product shall meet the requirements of GB/T 3191, GB/T 3880 (all parts), GB/T 6892 and GB/T 6893.
5.2.2.2 The chemical composition and mechanical property of casting aluminium alloy shall meet the requirements of GB/T 1173. The chemical composition and mechanical property of die casting aluminium alloy shall meet the requirements of GB/T 15115. Aluminium alloy castings shall meet the requirements of GB/T 9438.
5.2.3 Titanium and titanium alloy sheet
The mechanical property of titanium and titanium alloy sheet shall meet the requirements of GB/T 3621, and that of titanium and titanium alloy tubes shall meet the requirements of GB/T 3624.
5.2.4 Copper and copper alloy
5.2.4.1 The chemical composition and mechanical property of copper and copper alloy sheet shall meet the requirements of GB/T 2040 and GB/T 2059; those of tubes shall meet the requirements of GB/T 1527. The mechanical property of bars shall meet the requirements of GB/T 4423 and GB/T 13808.
5.2.4.2 The chemical composition and mechanical property of casting copper alloy shall meet the requirements of GB/T 1176.
5.3 Nonmetallic Material
5.3.1 Basic requirements
The selected nonmetallic material shall meet the requirements of relevant national standard and its mechanical property, aging resistance, environmental performance, inflammability and the like shall meet usage requirements under operating conditions.
5.3.2 Timber
Dry timber with less natural defect, good strength, and not liable to crack shall be selected as the wood material of major loaded member. Wood materials used in important parts shall be subjected to flame-retardant and anti-corrosion treatment, if necessary. The design of timber structure shall meet the requirements of GB 50005 and the construction quality shall meet the requirements of GB 50206.
5.3.3 Engineering plastics
5.3.3.1 Engineering plastics for structures shall meet the requirements of relevant national standards and their strength, impact resistance, heat resistance, hardness and aging resistance shall meet the requirements of practical operating conditions.
5.3.3.2 Where nylon materials are adopted for driving wheel and supporting wheel, their mechanical property shall meet the requirements of Table B.1 in Annex B.
5.3.4 Rubber
When rubber is adopted for driving wheel and supporting wheel, its property shall meet the requirements of relevant national standard. The mechanical property shall meet those specified in Table B.2; when rubber pneumatic wheel is adopted, after considering the influence of temperature, inflation pressure shall be within the specified pressure range of the product.
5.3.5 Polyurethane
When polyurethane is adopted, its property shall meet the requirements of relevant national standard, and the mechanical property shall meet those specified in Table B.3.
5.3.6 Glass
5.3.6.1 Unbreakable materials including poly (methyl methacrylate) and safety glass (inorganic glass) shall be adopted as the door/window glass.
5.3.6.2 Poly (methyl methacrylate) sheet shall meet the requirements of GB/T 7134 and its mechanical property shall meet those specified in Table B.4.
5.3.6.3 Safety glass shall meet the requirements of GB 15763 (all parts).
5.3.7 Glass reinforced plastic parts
5.3.7.1 Resin used for fabricating glass reinforced plastic parts shall be good in water resistance and ageing resistance. As for glass fiber, alkali-free glass fiber with favorable wettability on the surface shall be adopted.
5.3.7.2 The glass reinforced plastic parts shall meet the following requirements:
a) defects like poor dipping, poor solidification, bubbles, cut surface layering, non-uniform thickness are not allowed;
b) the surface shall be free from such defects as crack, damage, obvious mending trace, exposed cloth mark, wrinkle, unevenness and inconsistent color, and transition at corner shall be round, smooth and free from burrs;
c) the glass reinforced plastic parts shall be provided with sufficient strength when they are directly connected with the stressed parts, otherwise, metal parts complying with strength requirements shall be embedded;
d) the mechanical property of glass reinforced plastic parts shall meet those specified in Table B.5.
5.4 Fasteners
5.4.1 Fasteners shall meet the requirements of GB/T 3098 (all parts) and relevant national standard.
5.4.2 Pre-tightening force and tightening torque of Grade 6.8, Grade 8.8 and Grade 10.9 bolts shall be calculated according to the design requirements, the maximum value shall not exceed the requirements of Table C.1 in Annex C.
5.4.3 Hexagon head bolt with large head, large hexagon nut and washer for steel structure should be adopted for the bolted connection of critical steel structure and their technical specifications shall meet the requirements of GB/T 1231. High-strength bolt for steel structure that bears impact load should not bear shear force directly. Maximum permissible pre-tightening force of bolt shall not exceed those specified in Table C.2.
5.4.4 High-strength bolt for grid frame should be adopted for the bolted connection of grid structure and its material property shall meet the requirements of national standard.
5.4.5 Rivets shall be made of BL2 or BL3 steel specified in GB/T 715.
5.4.6 The pre-tightening force and tightening torque of high-strength bolt are calculated according to the following formula:
T=kFd/1 000
Where,
T——the tightening torque, N·m;
k——the tightening torque coefficient, which shall be in accordance with those specified in Table C.3;
F—— the pre-tightening force, N;
d——the nominal diameter of thread, mm.
6 Design
6.1 Basic Design Provisions
6.1.1 Basic requirements
6.1.1.1 The design of amusement device shall be provided with design instructions, calculation sheet, use and maintenance instructions, as well as the complete set of drawings, risk evaluation report and design verification outline as specified in national relevant standards, which shall be kept at least until the amusement device is discarded.
6.1.1.2 For the design of amusement devices and their auxiliary facilities, correct calculation and reasonable structure shall be provided to ensure the safety of passengers. Where accurate calculation is unavailable, the experiment may be carried out for confirmation and verification.
6.1.1.3 The operator or design client shall provide data on local meteorology, power supply, earthquake and geology in formal written forms to the designer and manufacturer.
6.1.1.4 For the selection of materials, such factors as structure importance, characteristics of load, structure form, stress state, manufacturing process, connection method and operating environment shall be taken into comprehensive consideration.
6.1.1.5 The mechanical properties, heat treatment properties and welding properties of the metallic materials used for critical machinery parts all shall meet the requirements of operating condition.
6.1.1.6 For amusement device, its designed service lives for complete device and key components shall be specified, and the designed calculating life of the complete device shall not be less than 35 000h, including the time for getting on or off.
6.1.1.7 Simplified Chinese shall be adopted for use and maintenance instructions, and simplified Chinese version shall prevail if there are multiple language versions, including the following contents at least.
a) device overview and structure introduction;
b) technical property and parameter as well as operating conditions;
c) operation specifications and precautions;
d) passenger notice;
e) preservation and maintenance instruction;
f) common failures and their removal methods;
g) the designed service life of complete device and main component;
h) requirements for management, operation maintenance and service personnel and the like;
i) list of vulnerable parts, discard requirements and recommended replacement cycles;
j) passenger evacuation measures and methods under abnormal condition;
k) safety requirements, such as limited number of passengers, height, age range, settled physiology and guardianship of adult for Children's riding;
l) inspection items and requirements for daily inspection, weekly inspection, monthly inspection (including quarterly inspection and half-a-year inspection) and annual inspection (including many-year inspection), corresponding inspection, detection (including nondestructive testing) and test method as well as proportion of inspection and detection and the like;
m) as for portable amusement devices, installation and debugging methods, site requirements and the like shall be provided;
n) general assembly drawing, electrical schematic diagram, hydropneumatic schematic diagram of amusement device, schematic diagram of mechanical components used for guiding inspection and detection during maintenance, schematic diagram of critical welds and pins required to subject to nondestructive testing;
o) manufacturer name, detailed postal address, service or supervision hotline, email and website, etc.
Contents of GB 8408-2018
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 General Provisions
4.1 Basic Requirements
4.2 Risk Evaluation
5 Materials and Fasteners
5.1 Commonly-used Steels
5.2 Commonly-used Non-ferrous Metal
5.3 Nonmetallic Material
5.4 Fasteners
6 Design
6.1 Basic Design Provisions
6.2 Design Calculation
6.3 Speed and Acceleration
6.4 Welding Design
6.5 Structure Design
6.6 Driving System
6.7 Electrical and Control System
6.8 Carrying System
6.9 Safety Protective Devices and Measures
7 Manufacture and Installation
7.1 Basic Requirements
7.2 Welding
7.3 Heat Treatment
7.4 Assembly
7.5 In-plant Testing
7.6 Painting
7.7 Packaging and Transportation
7.8 Equipment Foundation and Ancillary Facilities
7.9 Field Installation
7.10 Site Debugging and Test Run
7.11 Nondestructive Testing
7.12 Inspection
8 Use Management and Maintenance
8.1 Safe Running Management System and Responsibility of Amusement Park
8.2 Requirements for Passengers
8.3 Operation Behavior
8.4 Emergency Rescue
8.5 Maintenance, Repair and Modification
8.6 Regular Inspection According to Law
Annex A (Informative) Catalogue of National and Professional Standards for Commonly-used Steels
Annex B (Normative) Requirements for Mechanical Property of Nonmetallic Material
Annex C (Normative) Requirements for Property Grade of Commonly-used Bolt and Nut
Annex D (Informative) Load Combination Example
Annex E (Informative) Limit State Design Method
Annex F (Informative) Type of Welded Joints
