Technical specifications requirements for monitoring of surface water and waste water
1 Scope
This specification is applicable to the water quality monitoring of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and channels, including the water quality monitoring of state-controlled stations that directly report monitoring data to the state and that of control cross-sections (or vertical lines) of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), cities (prefectures) and counties, as well as the monitoring of waste water discharged from pollution sources.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this specification and have the same effect as this specification.
GB 6816-86 Water quality - Vocabulary Part 1 and Part 2
GB 11607-89 Water quality standard for fisheries
GB 12997-91 Water quality - Technical regulation on the design of sampling programmes
GB 12998-91 Water quality - Guidance on sampling techniques
GB 12999-91 Water quality sampling - Technical regulation of the preservation and handling of samples
GB 5084-92 Standards for irrigation water quality
GB/T 14581-93 Water quality - Guidance on sampling techniques from lakes, natural and man-made
GB 50179-93 Code for liquid flow measurement in open channels
GB 15562.1-1995 Graphical signs for environmental protection - Discharge outlet (source)
GB 8978-1996 Integrated wastewater discharge standard
GB 3838-2002 Environmental quality standards for surface water
HJ/T 15-1996 Supersonic flowmeter of wastewater
Sanitary standards for drinking water (WEIFAJIANFA [2001] No.161) of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
ISO 555-1:1973 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Dilution methods for the measurement of steady flow - Part 1: Constant-rate injection method
ISO 555-2:1987 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Dilution methods for the measurement of steady flow - Part 2: Integration method
ISO 555-3:1987 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Dilution methods for the measurement of steady flow - Part 3: Constant rate injection method and integration method using radioactive tracers
ISO 748:1979 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Velocity-area methods
ISO 1070:1973 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Slope-area method
If the above standards and specifications are revised, the latest edition applies.
3 Definitions
3.1 tidal river
river entering the sea affected by tides
3.2 water quality monitoring
programmed process of sampling, measuring, recording or signaling various characteristic indexes of water in order to master the quality of water environment and the dynamic changes of pollutants in the drainage system
3.3 watershed; basin; catchment general term for rivers, lakes and reservoirs and their catchment sources, including tributaries, main streams and catchment areas
3.4 watershed monitoring
monitoring of water quality in the whole watershed and pollution sources that discharge pollutants into the watershed
3.5 water pollution accident
accident of discharge of pollutants into water bodies that brings urgent harm to the industrial and agricultural production, people's lives and the environment
3.6 snap sample
single sample taken randomly (in terms of time and cross-section) from water in a discontinuous manner, which is usually taken at random at a certain time and place
3.7 composite samples
3.7.1 equal proportional composite sample
composite sample prepared by mixing the water samples that are taken at the same sampling point in a given period of time in proportion to the time or flow
3.7.2 equal time composite sample
composite sample prepared by mixing the water samples of equal volume that are taken at the same sampling point (cross-section) at equal time intervals in a given period of time
3.8 sampling cross-section
entire section over which water samples are taken during river sampling, which is classified into background cross-section, contrast cross-section, control cross-section and attenuation cross-section
3.8.1 background cross-section
cross-section that is not affected by human life and production activities and can provide the background value of water environment for evaluating the pollution degree of a complete drainage system
3.8.2 contrast cross-section
cross-section located upstream of all pollution sources in a region and able to provide the background value of the water environment in this region when judging the pollution degree of water environment in this region
3.8.3 control cross-section
cross-section for understanding the pollution degree of water environment and its changes
3.8.4 attenuation cross-section
cross-section where the concentration of the main pollutants from industrial wastewater or domestic sewage is significantly reduced after the industrial wastewater or domestic sewage flows through a certain distance in the water body so that it reaches the maximum degree of mixing and its pollutants are diluted and degraded
3.9 river mouth
reach of a river that empties into the sea
3.10 sewage outfalls into environmental water bodies
direct waste water outlet that discharges waste water into rivers, lakes, reservoirs and channels, including tributaries, pollution sources and direct municipal outfalls
3.11 automatic sampling
process of automatic continuous or intermittent collection of water samples by means of instruments and equipment according to a pre-programmed procedure
3.12 proportional sampler
a kind of special automatic water quality sampler, with which the amount of water samples collected is proportional to time or flow, that is, a water quality sampler that can be used to take composite sample at any period of time to reflect the average concentration of pollutants in that period
Foreword II
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Definitions
4 Distribution of surface water monitoring points and sampling
4.1 Distribution of surface water monitoring cross-sections
4.2 Sampling for surface water quality monitoring
4.3 Sediment monitoring points and sampling
5 Distribution of waste water monitoring points and sampling
5.1 Distribution of pollution-source waste water monitoring points
5.2 Sampling for pollution-source waste water monitoring
5.3 Monitoring of total pollutant discharge amount
6 Monitoring items and analysis methods
6.1 Monitoring items
6.2 Analysis methods
7 Watershed monitoring
7.1 Purpose of watershed monitoring
7.2 Watershed cross-section
7.3 Synchronous monitoring
7.4 Monitoring cross-section (point)
7.5 Boundary cross-sections of provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government)
7.6 Monitoring items
7.7 Monitoring of pollutant flux in a watershed
7.8 Quality assurance
8 Environmental protection acceptance monitoring for completed waste water treatment facilities in construction projects
8.1 Content of acceptance monitoring
8.2 Scheme of acceptance monitoring
8.3 Monitoring points distribution and sampling
8.4 Monitoring items and analysis methods
8.5 Quality assurance
8.6 Assessment standards
8.7 Total amount control
8.8 Data processing and analysis
8.9 Acceptance monitoring report (table)
9 Emergency monitoring
9.1 Emergent water environmental pollution accident
9.1.1 Purpose and principle of emergency monitoring
9.1.2 Sampling
9.1.3 Monitoring method
9.1.4 Emergency monitoring report
9.2 Water quality monitoring during flood period and flood recession period
9.2.1 Purpose of monitoring
9.2.2 Basic tasks and requirements of monitoring
9.2.3 Distribution principle of monitoring points
9.2.4 Sampling
9.2.5 Monitoring frequency and time
9.2.6 Monitoring items
9.2.7 Monitoring and analysis methods
9.2.8 Quality assurance
9.2.9 Data processing and report
10 Collecting, processing and reporting of monitoring data
10.1 Original record
10.2 Significant digits and rules for measured data
10.3 Rules of rounding off
10.4 Rules of approximate calculation
10.5 Expression method of monitoring results
10.6 Calibration curve
10.7 Statistical requirements for analysis results
10.8 Data reporting
11 Monitoring quality assurance and quality control
11.1 Quality requirements for monitoring personnel
11.2 Monitoring instrument management and periodic inspection
11.3 Selection and validation of analysis methods for water quality monitoring
11.4 Quality assurance of distribution of water quality monitoring points and sampling
11.5 Basic conditions of analysis laboratory
11.6 Monitoring analytical laboratory internal quality control
11.7 Quality control between laboratories
11.8 Quality assurance management
11.9 Water quality monitoring safety
12 Data compilation
12.1 Collation of original data
12.2 Filling of monitoring items and analysis methods
12.3 Summary of monitoring results
12.4 Annual statistics of monitoring results
Attached Table 1 Monitoring and analysis methods of water and waste water (3) (4)
Technical specifications requirements for monitoring of surface water and waste water
1 Scope
This specification is applicable to the water quality monitoring of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and channels, including the water quality monitoring of state-controlled stations that directly report monitoring data to the state and that of control cross-sections (or vertical lines) of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), cities (prefectures) and counties, as well as the monitoring of waste water discharged from pollution sources.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this specification and have the same effect as this specification.
GB 6816-86 Water quality - Vocabulary Part 1 and Part 2
GB 11607-89 Water quality standard for fisheries
GB 12997-91 Water quality - Technical regulation on the design of sampling programmes
GB 12998-91 Water quality - Guidance on sampling techniques
GB 12999-91 Water quality sampling - Technical regulation of the preservation and handling of samples
GB 5084-92 Standards for irrigation water quality
GB/T 14581-93 Water quality - Guidance on sampling techniques from lakes, natural and man-made
GB 50179-93 Code for liquid flow measurement in open channels
GB 15562.1-1995 Graphical signs for environmental protection - Discharge outlet (source)
GB 8978-1996 Integrated wastewater discharge standard
GB 3838-2002 Environmental quality standards for surface water
HJ/T 15-1996 Supersonic flowmeter of wastewater
Sanitary standards for drinking water (WEIFAJIANFA [2001] No.161) of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
ISO 555-1:1973 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Dilution methods for the measurement of steady flow - Part 1: Constant-rate injection method
ISO 555-2:1987 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Dilution methods for the measurement of steady flow - Part 2: Integration method
ISO 555-3:1987 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Dilution methods for the measurement of steady flow - Part 3: Constant rate injection method and integration method using radioactive tracers
ISO 748:1979 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Velocity-area methods
ISO 1070:1973 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Slope-area method
If the above standards and specifications are revised, the latest edition applies.
3 Definitions
3.1 tidal river
river entering the sea affected by tides
3.2 water quality monitoring
programmed process of sampling, measuring, recording or signaling various characteristic indexes of water in order to master the quality of water environment and the dynamic changes of pollutants in the drainage system
3.3 watershed; basin; catchment general term for rivers, lakes and reservoirs and their catchment sources, including tributaries, main streams and catchment areas
3.4 watershed monitoring
monitoring of water quality in the whole watershed and pollution sources that discharge pollutants into the watershed
3.5 water pollution accident
accident of discharge of pollutants into water bodies that brings urgent harm to the industrial and agricultural production, people's lives and the environment
3.6 snap sample
single sample taken randomly (in terms of time and cross-section) from water in a discontinuous manner, which is usually taken at random at a certain time and place
3.7 composite samples
3.7.1 equal proportional composite sample
composite sample prepared by mixing the water samples that are taken at the same sampling point in a given period of time in proportion to the time or flow
3.7.2 equal time composite sample
composite sample prepared by mixing the water samples of equal volume that are taken at the same sampling point (cross-section) at equal time intervals in a given period of time
3.8 sampling cross-section
entire section over which water samples are taken during river sampling, which is classified into background cross-section, contrast cross-section, control cross-section and attenuation cross-section
3.8.1 background cross-section
cross-section that is not affected by human life and production activities and can provide the background value of water environment for evaluating the pollution degree of a complete drainage system
3.8.2 contrast cross-section
cross-section located upstream of all pollution sources in a region and able to provide the background value of the water environment in this region when judging the pollution degree of water environment in this region
3.8.3 control cross-section
cross-section for understanding the pollution degree of water environment and its changes
3.8.4 attenuation cross-section
cross-section where the concentration of the main pollutants from industrial wastewater or domestic sewage is significantly reduced after the industrial wastewater or domestic sewage flows through a certain distance in the water body so that it reaches the maximum degree of mixing and its pollutants are diluted and degraded
3.9 river mouth
reach of a river that empties into the sea
3.10 sewage outfalls into environmental water bodies
direct waste water outlet that discharges waste water into rivers, lakes, reservoirs and channels, including tributaries, pollution sources and direct municipal outfalls
3.11 automatic sampling
process of automatic continuous or intermittent collection of water samples by means of instruments and equipment according to a pre-programmed procedure
3.12 proportional sampler
a kind of special automatic water quality sampler, with which the amount of water samples collected is proportional to time or flow, that is, a water quality sampler that can be used to take composite sample at any period of time to reflect the average concentration of pollutants in that period
Contents of HJ/T 91-2002
Foreword II
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Definitions
4 Distribution of surface water monitoring points and sampling
4.1 Distribution of surface water monitoring cross-sections
4.2 Sampling for surface water quality monitoring
4.3 Sediment monitoring points and sampling
5 Distribution of waste water monitoring points and sampling
5.1 Distribution of pollution-source waste water monitoring points
5.2 Sampling for pollution-source waste water monitoring
5.3 Monitoring of total pollutant discharge amount
6 Monitoring items and analysis methods
6.1 Monitoring items
6.2 Analysis methods
7 Watershed monitoring
7.1 Purpose of watershed monitoring
7.2 Watershed cross-section
7.3 Synchronous monitoring
7.4 Monitoring cross-section (point)
7.5 Boundary cross-sections of provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government)
7.6 Monitoring items
7.7 Monitoring of pollutant flux in a watershed
7.8 Quality assurance
8 Environmental protection acceptance monitoring for completed waste water treatment facilities in construction projects
8.1 Content of acceptance monitoring
8.2 Scheme of acceptance monitoring
8.3 Monitoring points distribution and sampling
8.4 Monitoring items and analysis methods
8.5 Quality assurance
8.6 Assessment standards
8.7 Total amount control
8.8 Data processing and analysis
8.9 Acceptance monitoring report (table)
9 Emergency monitoring
9.1 Emergent water environmental pollution accident
9.1.1 Purpose and principle of emergency monitoring
9.1.2 Sampling
9.1.3 Monitoring method
9.1.4 Emergency monitoring report
9.2 Water quality monitoring during flood period and flood recession period
9.2.1 Purpose of monitoring
9.2.2 Basic tasks and requirements of monitoring
9.2.3 Distribution principle of monitoring points
9.2.4 Sampling
9.2.5 Monitoring frequency and time
9.2.6 Monitoring items
9.2.7 Monitoring and analysis methods
9.2.8 Quality assurance
9.2.9 Data processing and report
10 Collecting, processing and reporting of monitoring data
10.1 Original record
10.2 Significant digits and rules for measured data
10.3 Rules of rounding off
10.4 Rules of approximate calculation
10.5 Expression method of monitoring results
10.6 Calibration curve
10.7 Statistical requirements for analysis results
10.8 Data reporting
11 Monitoring quality assurance and quality control
11.1 Quality requirements for monitoring personnel
11.2 Monitoring instrument management and periodic inspection
11.3 Selection and validation of analysis methods for water quality monitoring
11.4 Quality assurance of distribution of water quality monitoring points and sampling
11.5 Basic conditions of analysis laboratory
11.6 Monitoring analytical laboratory internal quality control
11.7 Quality control between laboratories
11.8 Quality assurance management
11.9 Water quality monitoring safety
12 Data compilation
12.1 Collation of original data
12.2 Filling of monitoring items and analysis methods
12.3 Summary of monitoring results
12.4 Annual statistics of monitoring results
Attached Table 1 Monitoring and analysis methods of water and waste water (3) (4)
